Preliminary notions

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Conrad ◽  
Gopal Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Maximal Torus ◽  
Reductive Group ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Positive System ◽  
Reductive Groups ◽  
Dynkin Diagrams ◽  
Standard Construction ◽  
Minimal Type ◽  
Split Maximal Torus

This chapter considers some preliminary notions, starting with standard pseudo-reductive groups, Levi subgroups, and root systems. It reviews the “standard construction” of pseudo-reductive k-groups and shows that any connected reductive group equipped with a chosen split maximal torus is generated by that maximal torus and its root groups for the simple positive and negative roots relative to a choice of positive system of roots in the root system. It also discusses the basic exotic construction, noting that the only nontrivial multiplicities that occur for the edges of Dynkin diagrams of reduced irreducible root systems are 2 and 3. Finally, it explains the minimal type pseudo-reductive k-group G, along with quotient homomorphism between pseudo-reductive groups.

Central extensions and groups locally of minimal type

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Conrad ◽  
Gopal Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Reductive Group ◽  
Reductive Groups ◽  
Central Extensions ◽  
General Lemma ◽  
Quotient Maps ◽  
Central Quotient ◽  
Characteristic 2 ◽  
Minimal Type ◽  
Quadratic Case

This chapter deals with central extensions and groups locally of minimal type. It begins with a discussion of the general lemma on the behavior of the scheme-theoretic center with respect to the formation of central quotient maps between pseudo-reductive groups; this lemma generalizes a familiar fact in the connected reductive case. The chapter then considers four phenomena that go beyond the quadratic case, along with a pseudo-reductive group of minimal type that is locally of minimal type. It shows that the pseudo-split absolutely pseudo-simple k-groups of minimal type with a non-reduced root system are classified over any imperfect field of characteristic 2. In this classification there is no effect if the “minimal type” hypothesis is relaxed to “locally of minimal type.”

Generalization of the standard construction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Conrad ◽  
Gopal Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Structure Theorem ◽  
Reductive Group ◽  
Ground Field ◽  
Standard Construction ◽  
Rigidity Property ◽  
Minimal Type

This chapter deals with “generalized standard” pseudo-reductive group over a field k. Because the notion of root field has only been defined for absolutely pseudo-simple G whose root system over ks is reduced, the first step is to remove that restriction. Thus, in the non-reduced case the focus is on the longest (equivalently, divisible) roots when defining the root field of G. For absolutely pseudo-simple k-groups of minimal type with a non-reduced root system over ks the condition that the root field coincides with the ground field is a reasonable one to impose for the purpose of a structure theorem. The chapter proves a rigidity property of generalized standard presentations involving the notion of “pseudo-isogeny.” It concludes with a detailed discussion of the structure theorem.

Classification of all connected subgroup schemes of a reductive group containing a split maximal torus

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sopkina
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Maximal Torus ◽  
Reductive Group ◽  
Arbitrary Field ◽  
Connected Subgroup ◽  
Split Maximal Torus

AbstractThe main result of the paper is a classification of all connected subgroup schemes of a reductive group containing a split maximal torus, over an arbitrary field. The classification is expressed in terms of functions on the root system.

Harish-Chandra Modules over ℤ

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-167
Author(s):  
Günter Harder
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Points ◽  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Lie Group ◽  
Maximal Torus ◽  
Reductive Group ◽  
Group Scheme ◽  
Finitely Generated ◽  
Cartan Involution ◽  
Split Maximal Torus ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter shows that certain classes of Harish-Chandra modules have in a natural way a structure over ℤ. The Lie group is replaced by a split reductive group scheme G/ℤ, its Lie algebra is denoted by 𝖌ℤ. On the group scheme G/ℤ there is a Cartan involution 𝚯 that acts by t ↦ t −1 on the split maximal torus. The fixed points of G/ℤ under 𝚯 is a flat group scheme 𝒦/ℤ. A Harish-Chandra module over ℤ is a ℤ-module 𝒱 that comes with an action of the Lie algebra 𝖌ℤ, an action of the group scheme 𝒦, and some compatibility conditions is required between these two actions. Finally, 𝒦-finiteness is also required, which is that 𝒱 is a union of finitely generated ℤ modules 𝒱I that are 𝒦-invariant. The definitions imitate the definition of a Harish-Chandra modules over ℝ or over ℂ.

Field-theoretic and linear-algebraic invariants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Conrad ◽  
Gopal Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Simple Group ◽  
Root System ◽  
Reductive Group ◽  
Simple Groups ◽  
Arbitrary Field ◽  
Isomorphism Classes ◽  
Algebraic Invariants ◽  
Characteristic 2 ◽  
Minimal Type

This chapter deals with field-theoretic and linear-algebraic invariants. It first presents a construction of non-standard pseudo-split absolutely pseudosimple k-groups with root system A1 over any imperfect field k of characteristic 2. It then considers an absolutely pseudo-simple group over a field k, along with a pseudo-split pseudo-reductive group over an arbitrary field k. It also establishes the equality over k of minimal fields of definition for projection onto maximal geometric adjoint semisimple quotients. This is followed by two examples that illustrate the root field in A1-cases. The chapter concludes with a discussion of a classification of the isomorphism classes of pseudo-split pseudo-simple groups G over an imperfect field k of characteristic p subject to the hypothesis that G is of minimal type. The associated irreducible root datum, which is sufficient to classify isomorphism classes in the semisimple case, is supplemented with additional field-theoretic and linear-algebraic data.

scholarly journals Twisted quadratic foldings of root systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
M. Lanini ◽  
K. Zainoulline
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Equivariant Cohomology ◽  
Quaternion Algebra ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Group Cohomology ◽  
Characteristic Classes ◽  
Reflection Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynkin Diagrams ◽  
Projective Homogeneous Varieties

The present paper is devoted to twisted foldings of root systems that generalize the involutive foldings corresponding to automorphisms of Dynkin diagrams. A motivating example is Lusztig’s projection of the root system of type E 8 E_8 onto the subring of icosians of the quaternion algebra, which gives the root system of type H 4 H_4 . By using moment graph techniques for any such folding, a map at the equivariant cohomology level is constructed. It is shown that this map commutes with characteristic classes and Borel maps. Restrictions of this map to the usual cohomology of projective homogeneous varieties, to group cohomology and to their virtual analogues for finite reflection groups are also introduced and studied.

Introduction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Conrad ◽  
Gopal Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Forms ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Simple Groups ◽  
Reductive Groups ◽  
Central Extensions ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Characteristic 2 ◽  
Minimal Type

This book deals with the classification of pseudo-reductive groups. Using new techniques and constructions, it addresses a number of questions; for example, whether there are versions of the Isomorphism and Isogeny Theorems for pseudosplit pseudo-reductive groups and of the Existence Theorem for pseudosplit pseudo-simple groups; whether the automorphism functor of a pseudo-semisimple group is representable; or whether there is a Tits-style classification in the pseudo-semisimple case recovering the version due to Tits in the semisimple case. This introduction discusses the special challenges of characteristic 2 as well as root systems, exotic groups and degenerate quadratic forms, and tame central extensions. It also reviews generalized standard groups, minimal type and general structure theorem, and Galois-twisted forms and Tits classification.

scholarly journals Clifford Spinors and Root System Induction: $$H_4$$ and the Grand Antiprism

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Philippe Dechant
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Invariant Sets ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Reflection Groups ◽  
Computational Work ◽  
Algebraic Framework ◽  
Underlying Geometry ◽  
Coxeter Plane ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractRecent work has shown that every 3D root system allows the construction of a corresponding 4D root system via an ‘induction theorem’. In this paper, we look at the icosahedral case of $$H_3\rightarrow H_4$$ H 3 → H 4 in detail and perform the calculations explicitly. Clifford algebra is used to perform group theoretic calculations based on the versor theorem and the Cartan–Dieudonné theorem, giving a simple construction of the $${\mathrm {Pin}}$$ Pin and $${\mathrm {Spin}}$$ Spin covers. Using this connection with $$H_3$$ H 3 via the induction theorem sheds light on geometric aspects of the $$H_4$$ H 4 root system (the 600-cell) as well as other related polytopes and their symmetries, such as the famous Grand Antiprism and the snub 24-cell. The uniform construction of root systems from 3D and the uniform procedure of splitting root systems with respect to subrootsystems into separate invariant sets allows further systematic insight into the underlying geometry. All calculations are performed in the even subalgebra of $${\mathrm {Cl}}(3)$$ Cl ( 3 ) , including the construction of the Coxeter plane, which is used for visualising the complementary pairs of invariant polytopes, and are shared as supplementary computational work sheets. This approach therefore constitutes a more systematic and general way of performing calculations concerning groups, in particular reflection groups and root systems, in a Clifford algebraic framework.

scholarly journals A decomposition formula for representations

1987 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kempf
Keyword(s):  
Irreducible Representation ◽  
General Formula ◽  
Parabolic Subgroup ◽  
Characteristic Zero ◽  
Maximal Torus ◽  
Reductive Group ◽  
Irreducible Representations ◽  
Levi Subgroup ◽  
Know How ◽  
Decomposition Formula

Let H be the Levi subgroup of a parabolic subgroup of a split reductive group G. In characteristic zero, an irreducible representation V of G decomposes when restricted to H into a sum V = ⊕mαWα where the Wα’s are distinct irreducible representations of H. We will give a formula for the multiplicities mα. When H is the maximal torus, this formula is Weyl’s character formula. In theory one may deduce the general formula from Weyl’s result but I do not know how to do this.

On Closed Subsets of Root Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ž. Doković ◽  
P. Check ◽  
J.-Y. Hée
Keyword(s):  
Weyl Group ◽  
Root System ◽  
Irreducible Component ◽  
Product Space ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Inner Product Space ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Closed Sets ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Real Inner Product Space

AbstractLet R be a root system (in the sense of Bourbaki) in a finite dimensional real inner product space V. A subset P ⊂ R is closed if α, β ∊ P and α + β ∊ R imply that α + β ∊ P. In this paper we shall classify, up to conjugacy by the Weyl group W of R, all closed sets P ⊂ R such that R\P is also closed. We also show that if θ:R —> R′ is a bijection between two root systems such that both θ and θ-1 preserve closed sets, and if R has at most one irreducible component of type A1, then θ is an isomorphism of root systems.

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