scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of the Deck Material on the Cost in Cable-Stayed Bridges with Different Spans

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Ali Köken ◽  
Ahmed Ali Abdulqader Farhad
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Bridge Program ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges ◽  
Bridge System

Abstract Recent developments in the social sphere also cause an increase in transportation activities. Increased transport activities lead to the construction of new roads and bridges. Different bridge construction systems are available to overcome large span obstacles. Cable-stayed bridges are more advantageous construction systems than other bridge type building carrier systems in overcoming large spans through suspension cables. Therefore, it is also widely preferred by designers. The biggest factor in the development of cable-stayed bridges is undoubtedly steel cables. Cable-stayed bridges are bridge structures that become lighter with the increase of the span, which has a more expanded flexibility, and that includes a cable system with the effect of nonlinear factors. Costs of cable-stayed bridges vary according to different spans. The span as well as the deck material used in the bridge system have a great effect on the cost. In cable-stayed bridge systems, decks are constructed of reinforced concrete and steel. The costs of cable-stayed bridges are widely discussed around the world; therefore, the effect of the span and deck material on the cost of cable-stayed bridges is being investigated. The main bearing elements of such bridges are cables, decks, and towers, and among these elements, the tower bridge carries all the weight of the bridge, even other external loads such as vehicle, wind, etc. In this study, the three-dimensional model of the cable, deck and tower elements that make up the cable-stayed bridge system was created and analysed using the CSI Bridge Program. The AASHTO LRFD Standards, which are widely used in the analysis of bridge systems with the CSI Bridge program and the design of bridge systems in the world, were used. In the study, the analysis and designs of cable-stayed bridges with reinforced concrete and steel deck at 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000 meters span were carried out. The amount of materials and costs used in the analysis and design of the cable-stayed bridge systems were obtained and the results were interpreted.

A Comparative Study on the Economic Characteristics of the Extradosed Cable-Stayed Bridge and Cable Stayed Bridge

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 721-725
Author(s):  
Fei Xiong ◽  
Cong Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

Aimed at the problem of extradosed cable-stayed bridges economic characteristics,studied extradosed cable-stayed bridges and cable stayed bridges data which has been built in China,statistics, induction, fitting the relation between the consumption of the main materials and the span,clear relationship between the cost and span, indicate that both consistent cost when the main span is 200 m ~ 320 m;Extradosed cable-stayed bridge is cheaper when the main span of less than 200m or more than 320m.

scholarly journals Designing and 3-D Modelling of a Sustainable Cable Stayed Bridge-A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01070
Author(s):  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Mirza Jahangir Baig ◽  
Bhumika Pandey ◽  
Kartik Papreja
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Symmetrical Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Cable Forces ◽  
Design Options ◽  
World Development ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

In the world of Civil Engineering, bridges are an example of structural art expressing how much the structures have evolved till present times. The concept and design of bridges has been evolved over the past years, having numerous amounts of different geometrical models and methods to construct bridges. As the development and innovation has reached so far, the concept of bridges has made a great impact on global infrastructure by creating sustainable, effective, and aesthetical bridges around the world. development of the finest aesthetical and sustainable designs for bridges which are known as Cable Stayed BridgesThe bridge form in which the weight of the deck is supported by a number of nearly straight diagonal cables in tension running directly to one or more vertical towers. The towers transfer the cable forces to the foundations through vertical compression. The tensile forces in the cables also put the deck into horizontal compression. Cable stayed bridges are the types of bridges those are best suited for connecting wide-span crossings. Construction of cable stayed bridge is widely promoted all over the world and construction of more than 600 cable stayed bridges are recorded till date. This type of bridge is preferred over any other type due to its possible construction to the indefinite length, availability of multiple design options with the possibility of symmetrical design and excellent strength. In this paper we shall discuss numerous case studies of the cable stayed bridges, compile all the beneficial data for most of the cable stayed bridges located in India.

Research on the Structural System of Kilometer-Scale Cable-Stayed Bridges

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Chang Peng Liu ◽  
Wei Ming Yan ◽  
Yan Jiang Chen ◽  
Da Xing Zhou ◽  
Xi Gang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Viscous Dampers ◽  
Elastic Links ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Objects ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

At the beginning of the 21st century, Su-tong and Stonecutters cable-stayed bridges were born into the world, which make the original span record of 890m up to 1088m. The increasing range of the span is so large that it is necessary to carry out a special research on structural system of the cable-stayed bridge with kilometer-scale span. Therefore, two cable-stayed bridges have been designed as the research objects, which come from the background of Su-tong cable-stayed bridge. And the main span is respectively 1308m and 1500m. In this paper, an analysis is carried out from the aspect of girder-tower relationship which comes from the concept of the structural system. In the static analysis, structural system, which is respectively floating, half floating and rigid, has been studied. And in the dynamic analysis, the girder-tower relationship has also been studied, which is respectively with no dampers, elastic links and viscous dampers. Based on the analysis results, structural system applicable for kilometer-scale cable-stayed bridges is summarized.

Seismic analysis and design of the skytrain cable-stayed bridge

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Input Motion ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
Seismic Area ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

The Skytrain Fraser River Crossing near Vancouver is a cable-stayed bridge completed in late 1988. The bridge is located in a highly seismic area with different soil conditions on the two banks of the river and liquefaction potential in the event of a major earthquake. This paper discusses the analysis and design considerations of the bridge for earthquake effects. Discussed in the paper are site conditions, design criteria, input motion, analysis methods, and design parameters. Key words: cable-stayed, bridges, seismic, response spectra, detailing.

A discussion on building technology in the 1980s - The development of new analytical techniques

1972 ◽  
Vol 272 (1229) ◽  
pp. 565-572
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Structural Engineer ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
The Cost

The analysis and design of the structure is only one of the activities needed for the final construction of a building; the titles of the other papers in this discussion meeting help to place structural analysis in its proper context. Relative importance may be judged by cost; the cost of the structure of a high-rise office block, of a concert hall, or of a block of flats might be only one quarter of the total cost of the building. It is well to remember that some extraordinary new development in structural analysis, leading to a saving of 20 % of the cost of the structure, might save only 5 % overall. Five per cent is worth saving, of course, and the smallness of the figure is in any case no excuse for the structural engineer to rest content with existing methods. However, there are also other savings to be made by the structural engineer which have nothing to do with structural analysis as such. The nature of these savings can be seen clearly with a construction which is almost entirely ‘structure’ rather than building; for example, a bridge. A change in the suggested site of a bridge may lead to savings which far outweigh any possible economies which might arise from a refined structural analysis. Once the best siting has been determined, then further fundamental economies may be made by the correct choice of form and of material; again, these are decisions which have nothing to do with the analytical techniques finally used for design. Some of these same considerations apply to the design of an office block. The main material, for example, could be steel, perhaps with a reinforced-concrete core for a high-rise building; or it could be all reinforced concrete; or it could be steel used with reinforced concrete to form a composite construction. Again, the architect’s basic floor plan can be modified by the engineer, perhaps to increase some spans and to decrease others; these modifications may be considered together with the choice of material. Once again, such overall planning of the building is likely to lead to a particular economic solution before any detailed thought is given to the actual structural design. These considerations may well lead to the conclusion that time and effort spent on refining the design calculations should be limited; this may be true, but it must not be concluded that a rough and ready design technique is all that is necessary. On the contrary, the designer should be aware at each stage of the accuracy of his calculations, so that he can put a more or less precise figure to the margin of safety of his final design.

scholarly journals Seismic Fragility Assessment of an Isolated Multipylon Cable-Stayed Bridge Using Shaking Table Tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Pang
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Seismic Fragility ◽  
Shaking Table Tests ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

In recent decades, cable-stayed bridges have been widely built around the world due to the appealing aesthetics and efficient and fast mode of construction. Numerous studies have concluded that the cable-stayed bridges are sensitive to earthquakes because they possess low damping characteristics and high flexibility. Moreover, cable-stayed bridges need to warrant operability especially in the moderate-to-severe earthquakes. The provisions implemented in the seismic codes allow obtaining adequate seismic performance for the cable-stayed bridge components; nevertheless, they do not provide definite yet reliable rules to protect the bridge. To date, very few experimental tests have been carried out on the seismic fragility analysis of cable-stayed bridges which is the basis of performance-based analyses. The present paper is aimed at proposing a method to derive the seismic fragility curves of multipylon cable-stayed bridge through shake table tests. Toward this aim, a 1/20 scale three-dimensional model of a 22.5 m cable-stayed bridge in China is constructed and tested dynamically by using the shaking table facility of Tongji University. The cable-stayed bridge contains three pylons and one side pier. The outcomes of the comprehensive shaking table tests carried out on cable-stayed bridge have been utilized to derive fragility curves based on a systemic approach.

scholarly journals Non-linear behavior of innovative steel cable-stayed bridge stiffening girder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modestas Stragys
Keyword(s):  
Structural Form ◽  
Steel Cable ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

Until these days there are three very well-known structural forms in cable-stayed bridge construction: radial, harp and fan. These three well-known and analyzed systems ensure the stability of the cable-stayed bridges in a variety of conditions. In order to reduce the amount of materials various solutions are used. One way to reduce the cost of steel may be a new, innovative structural form. A new cable-stayed bridge structure, which requires smaller quantities of materials, is proposed in this Paper. New structural form is compared with traditional cable-stayed structures and the conclusions, which reflect the advantages of this construction, are presented. Result of the analysis is evaluation of innovative cable-stayed structure bending moments, axial forces, deflections and non-linear behavior compared with traditional cable-stayed structure under the influence of both symmetric as asymmetric loads. Technical-economical assessment is also proposed in the Paper. The Paper gives an overview of the differences between traditional and innovative design of cable-stayed bridges.

scholarly journals The behavior of reinforced concrete pylons in the static analysis of cable-stayed bridges

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherali Valiev ◽  
Maung Maung Win Aung ◽  
Ilya Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridge ◽  
Bridge Span ◽  
Deformed State ◽  
Bridge Models ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges ◽  
Linear Static Analysis

In this paper, we consider a linear static analysis of cable-stayed bridges with different pylon shapes under their own weight. The cable-stayed bridge is one of the modern bridges that are built to cover large spans. It is therefore necessary to study the behavior of the pylons before you can apply it in practice. For this study, different pylon shapes are compared with the size of the bridge span, while other parameters remain unchanged. The various forms of pylons considered for a cable-stayed bridge are diamond, small diamond, Y-inverted, A, H and U-shaped. The height of the pylon remains the same for all cable-stayed bridge models with different pylon shapes. The bridge simulation was prepared using the Midas/Civil software. For this study, the semi-fan type cable-stayed bridge was adopted. The study gives the deformed state of the pylons, i.e. bending moments, transverse and longitudinal forces, and deflections. This study will be useful for selecting the shape of the pylon for the bridge used in specific conditions.

Glembotskaya G.T., Eremin S.Yu. Scientific and practical approach to optimizing costs on development and promotion of drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Галина Глембоцкая ◽  
Galina Glembockaya ◽  
Станислав Еремин ◽  
Stanislav Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Registration Phase

In order to identify promising strategic development possibilities for the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation, a pilot study was conducted, which has analyzed the main trends in the development of innovative medicines. As a result of the content analysis of available sources of scientific literature, the characteristics of options used in the world practice for increasing the innovative activity of individual subjects and the pharmaceutical market as a whole are presented. Possible reserves for the further development of the innovative component of the pharmaceutical market within the framework of the concept of personalized medicine according to the P4 principle (predictive - personalized - preventive - participatory) are identified and structured. The results of use by individual pharmaceutical companies of scientifically and practically justified approaches to optimizing the costs of development and promoting drugs are presented. The advantages and real prospects of a generally accepted method to reduce the cost of development by «expanding the pharmacological effect» (label expansion) of already existing drugs with a known safety profile in the world practice are shown. A scientific generalization and structuring of the goals and results of the post-registration phase of clinical trials to expand the pharmacological action of a number of drugs already existed at the market have been carried out.

scholarly journals Punishment Strategies across Societies: Conventional Wisdoms Reconsidered

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ramzi Suleiman ◽  
Yuval Samid
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The World ◽  
Emergence Of Cooperation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

Experiments using the public goods game have repeatedly shown that in cooperative social environments, punishment makes cooperation flourish, and withholding punishment makes cooperation collapse. In less cooperative social environments, where antisocial punishment has been detected, punishment was detrimental to cooperation. The success of punishment in enhancing cooperation was explained as deterrence of free riders by cooperative strong reciprocators, who were willing to pay the cost of punishing them, whereas in environments in which punishment diminished cooperation, antisocial punishment was explained as revenge by low cooperators against high cooperators suspected of punishing them in previous rounds. The present paper reconsiders the generality of both explanations. Using data from a public goods experiment with punishment, conducted by the authors on Israeli subjects (Study 1), and from a study published in Science using sixteen participant pools from cities around the world (Study 2), we found that: 1. The effect of punishment on the emergence of cooperation was mainly due to contributors increasing their cooperation, rather than from free riders being deterred. 2. Participants adhered to different contribution and punishment strategies. Some cooperated and did not punish (‘cooperators’); others cooperated and punished free riders (‘strong reciprocators’); a third subgroup punished upward and downward relative to their own contribution (‘norm-keepers’); and a small sub-group punished only cooperators (‘antisocial punishers’). 3. Clear societal differences emerged in the mix of the four participant types, with high-contributing pools characterized by higher ratios of ‘strong reciprocators’, and ‘cooperators’, and low-contributing pools characterized by a higher ratio of ‘norm keepers’. 4. The fraction of ‘strong reciprocators’ out of the total punishers emerged as a strong predictor of the groups’ level of cooperation and success in providing the public goods.

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