The specifics of shadow economic activity in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1896-1915
Author(s):  
E.R. Ermakova ◽  
O.M. Lizina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses the specifics of shadow economic activities in reformed Russia in the context of systemic transformations. Objectives. We focus on determining the role of shadow economy in the reproductive process, identifying and understanding the specifics of underground economic activity of the Russian economy. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy) and special methods of cognition (monetary methods). We employ the systems and integrated approach. The official statistics, regulations, works of leading researchers on shadow economy expansion, resources of reference and legal systems like Garant and ConsultantPlus serve as the study's information base. Results. We present a retrospective rapid analysis of the extent of shadow economic activity in the domestic economy, establishing the relationships with the processes that take place at different stages of the country's development. We also reveal the specifics of shadow economy relations in Russia, factors that play a key role in expansion for a particular period, a shift to another form of shadow economy. The study characterizes the current period of development, assesses the impact of external shocks on shadow economy expansion. Conclusions. The current period is characterized by the digitization of shadow relations, the shift of corruption to the upper echelons of power, the continued outflow of capital abroad, and increased penalties for underground activities.

The specifics of shadow economy in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2096-2115
Author(s):  
E.R. Ermakova ◽  
O.M. Lizina
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
General Scientific

Subject. The article investigates the shadow economy phenomenon in Russia. Objectives. The purpose is to determine the role of shadow economy in the reproduction process, identify its specifics in Russia. Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, the unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of comparison and analogy), special cognition methods (monetary techniques), and systems and integrated approaches. Official statistics data, statutory instruments, works of leading researchers on shadow economy expansion serve as the information base of the paper. Results. We present a retrospective analysis of shadow economic activities in Russia, identify the specifics of shadow relations in the Russian economy, appealing to political, institutional, and socio-cultural changes in the Russian society. We also highlight factors that played a key role in a particular period. The paper provides a detailed description of the modern period of development and assesses the influence of external shocks on the shadow economy. Conclusions. The current period is characterized by the digitalization of shadow relations, shift of corruption to the highest levels of power, persistence of capital outflow, increased penalties for shadow activities. The findings may be useful for introducing the mechanisms to combat money laundering.

Protection of the Rights and Legitimate Interests of Entrepreneurs in Cases of Crimes in the Sphere of Economic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
O. А. Zaytsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
General Scientific

The article examines the problematic issues of applying measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs in cases of crimes in the field of economic activity. The material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the course of proceedings in this category of cases are examined. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the legal positions of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, reflected in the decisions of the Plenum of November 15, 2016 № 48 and October 3, 2017 № 33. The purpose of this study is to identify the most acceptable areas of activity of judicial and law enforcement agencies to protect the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs involved in criminal proceedings. The objectives of the study are: a) to determine the specifics of criminal and criminal procedure legislation containing humane mechanisms for the category of cases under consideration; b) to highlight the positions of scientists who conduct research in this field of activity; с) substantiation of recommendations for the further development of criminal policy in the direction of liberalizing the current structure of crimes in conjunction with the improvement of criminal procedural forms of criminal proceedings. The methodological basis of the research was the dialectical method of cognition, General scientific methods of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, as well as special legal methods. Promising ways of development of criminal policy in the field of formation of legislation that allows the most effective protection of the rights and legitimate interests of entrepreneurs are proposed. The conclusion is made about the need for further scientific study of the system of material-legal and criminal-procedural mechanisms used in the proceedings on crimes committed in the sphere of business and other economic activities.

Assessment of the impact of the tax burden on the formation of sectoral features of the shadow economy of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-230
Author(s):  
Dmitry Yu. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Sectoral Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Share

This article examines the degree of influence of the tax burden on the formation of the shadow economy in Russia in the context of types of economic activity. The perspectives of various authors were taken into consideration when discussing that taxes have the greatest impact on the desire of taxpayers to “go into the shadows”. The author has studied various methods of measuring the value of the shadow economy used in the contemporary research. He presents the analysis of scales of shadow economy of Russia in 2011-2017 with application of various methods. Using the method measuring the share of economic operations not observed by direct statistical methods, the author has analyzed the value of the shadow economy in the sectors of the Russian economy. The results prove that the highest level of the shadow economy is observed in the sphere of real estate transactions, in agriculture, and in construction. The lowest level of the shadow economy was revealed in the financial sector, extractive industries, and electric power industry. The analysis of sectoral differences in the tax burden in Russia has uncovered the existence of an inverse relationship between the size of the tax burden and the scale of the shadow economy: in those industries, where a low tax burden is detected, there is usually a high share of the shadow economy. The obtained results allow confirming the originally proposed hypothesis that the high tax burden is not the leading factor provoking business to “go into the shadows” in order to avoid paying taxes.

The impact of the shadow sector of transport services on the economic development of Ukraine’s regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Iryna Babets ◽  
Wiesława Caputa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Impact

The article analyses aspects of illegal operations in the Ukrainian market of transport services associated with the main types of transport and their relationship with other areas of unreported economic activity. The extent of the shadow sector in the market of transport services in the regions of Ukraine in 2013-2019 was estimated by calculating the shadow economy coefficient for economic activities classified as “Transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities” using the so-called “method of unprofitable enterprises”. The correlation between the coefficient of the shadow economy in the market of transport services and the main indicators of economic development is estimated using regression analysis involving panel data for different regions of Ukraine in the period of 2013-2019. In order to improve the method of assessing the extent of the shadow economy in the transport services sector, a method is proposed which takes into account differences between volume of services provided and consumed.

scholarly journals UNDERGROUND ECONOMY DALAM SEBUAH PERSPEKTIF

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Aloysius Hari Kristianto ◽  
Dedy ◽  
Bona Fentura
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Underground Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Labor Market Regulations ◽  
The Impact

This article aims to describe the activities of underground economic actors. This article is a literature review of several empirical studies in Indonesia and the world in examining or resolving the impact of the existence of these economic activities. There are several terms used in each country from the underground economy, such as black economy, shadow economy and unofficial economy. Every country, both developed and developing countries, have experienced underground economic activity that continues to increase so that biased measurement often occurs, which is caused by indicators of underground economy that cannot be measured clearly and this economic activity can harm state revenues. The driving force of the underground economy is an increase in the tax burden (directly or indirectly), combined with labor market regulations and the quality of public goods and services, as well as properly measured economic conditions. The need for systematic oversight to reduce the number of corruption by providing convenience to the community through the E-Government program as a direction for the creation of Good Governance..

scholarly journals REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF LESSONS LEARNED HANDWRITING EXPERTISE AS A WAY TO IDENTIFY PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM IN EXISTING METHODS OF HANDWRITING RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Vladlena Vyacheslavovna Lozben ◽  
Luybov Vadimovna Gajkova
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Biometric Systems ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constant Improvement ◽  
Handwriting Research

In today’s environment, information security needs constant improvement. Therefore, biometric technologies are becoming increasingly important as a key area of information protection, contributing to the widespread introduction of biometric systems across firms and organizations. Purpose: in the course of handwriting research, human participation is a prerequisite for handwriting expertise, which entails certain problems in the field of biometric expertise, the emphasis on which is contained in the article. Methodology: tools and methods are considered to reduce the impact of problems on the process of handwriting examination: popular scientific methods of phase and case analysis and synthesis; Mathematical and simulation modeling methods and tools. Results: in order to identify approaches to reducing subjectivity of expert’s conclusions, a review and analysis of existing solutions was carried out, as a result of which a comparative characteristic of approaches to solving the problem of handwriting examination was drawn up. Scope of results: the results of this study will help the organization’s leadership in information security.

scholarly journals Administrative oversight: improving compliance practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Aleksander Nikolaevich Varygin ◽  
Irina Alekseevna Efremova ◽  
Vladimir Gennadievich Gromov ◽  
Pavel Anatolievich Matushkin ◽  
Anastasia Mikhailovna Shuvalova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Administrative Supervision ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Oversight

The main purpose of the research is to determine the goals, objectives and functions of administrative supervision and develop proposals for improving the legislation of the Russian Federation regulating issues related to the implementation of administrative supervision. Research methods: general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, logical methods) and private scientific methods of cognition (formally-legally, specifically-sociological etc.). Outcome: the author’s version of the administrative supervision goals and objectives set out in the regulatory documents of the Russian Federation is proposed: 1. Administrative supervision is established to prevent the commission of crimes and other offences by persons. 2. The administrative supervision focuses on implementation by the internal affairs bodies of supervision over the observance by supervised persons of temporary restrictions on their rights and freedoms, as well as over the fulfillment of their duties stipulated by the related federal law; identification of violations by those under the supervision and taking measures in accordance with the law; individual preventive treatment of such persons. The novelty of the study is due to an integrated approach to the research into the goals, objectives and functions of administrative supervision and the developed proposals for improving the Russian legislation regulating issues in that area.

scholarly journals The instruments for combating shadow economy in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Eka Ermakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Research Systems ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article substantiates the need for the development and application of the additional instruments for combating shadow economy in the Russian Federation. The object of this research is the measures for combating shadow economy, while the subject is the related punitive and preventive instruments. The research methodology employs the general scientific methods (scientific abstraction, unity of historical and logical, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparison and analogy); systemic and comprehensive approach; official statistical data, normative legal acts, works of the leading researchers dedicated to the problems of expansion of shadow economy, computer-based legal research systems Garant and ConsultantPlus. The study of the normative legal framework and scientific writings of the leading scholars, as well as the analysis of practical experience of the Russian Federation in combating shadow economy allowed making the following conclusions: the effective system of combating shadow economic processes should be built on all levels of governance: micro, meso and macro; at the same time, each of these levels should be able to apply both punitive and preventive instruments that encourage the actors to engage in legal activity. In recent years, Russia largely implements preventive methods for combating shadow economy. However, the rate of shadow economy in the country remains high (33% of GDP), which thwarts the economic development.

scholarly journals INFORMATION SUPPORT OF ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS PARTNERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kara ◽  
◽  
Iryna Protsyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the features of information support for assessing the impact of business partners in the conditions of international economic activity. Methodical and practical recommendations for the procedure and accumulation of information about the company's partners have been developed. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study there are the works of the Ukrainian and foreign scientists, regulational and legislational laws of Ukraine for information support and evaluation of partnerships of the enterprise. The information factor affects economic growth, efficiency and employment. Information at the enterprise is mainly considered in the form of data collected and systematized in an acceptable form for use, capable of accumulating, sharing and updating. Recently, information is increasingly considered as one of the types of organizational resources that exist in the form of certain scientific knowledge, results of research and development, generalized indicators, norms, standards, recommendations, results of marketing research and more. An important condition for assessing the impact of environmental factors on the production and economic activities of the enterprise is the availability of timely and sufficiently complete information about events, processes, trends that occur in the external environment. The paper also considers the stages of the process of evolution of types of information about the partners of the enterprise, the strategic advantages of the management information system (MIS). It is proposed to develop an information letter about business partners, which is entered in the database and file, as well as to create database management systems. It is also advisable to create an information department at the enterprise, which in particular will assess the impact of the company's partners, as long-term partnerships create their own statistical database for decision-making by the company's management.

scholarly journals Investment marketing strategy for diversified enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kalinin
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Introduction The amount of capital that individual, corporate and institutional investors are willing to invest in certain assets is increasing every year. This leads to a revitalization of entrepreneurial activity and growth of the economy as a whole. It is also very active in creating certain disparities in the distribution of investment flows at the cross-sectoral level. There are industries that perceive investors more positively, and other industries perceive less positively. Among these industries, and even more types of businesses, are diversified companies or conglomerates that are perceived by investors as a chaotic set of assets that management is unable to manage effectively. Purpose The purpose of this article is to study the global trends in managing strategies for competitive advantage in the capital market by diversified enterprises. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical aspects of management and planning the choice of growth strategy for diversified enterprises; to analyze the systems of strategic management of investment marketing for diversified companies; develop solutions to improve the marketing management system for various companies in the context of attracting investment. Method (methodology) In the course of the research, the following general scientific methods are used: analysis and synthesis, grouping and systematization of revealing the essence of investment marketing, its structure, principles of its formation, development of the concept of diagnostics of efficiency of investor attraction systems and control of this process; induction and deduction - to summarize the theoretical aspects of the peculiarities of the formation of the structure of investment marketing; statistical and economic - to evaluate the investment attractiveness of a diversified enterprise. Results It was suggested to the conglomerate companies to distance their company brand from its subsidiaries as much as possible so that there was no problem in identifying the main focus of the conglomerate's business activity. For the analysis of companies that should be considered for placement of their own and borrowed funds by conglomerates and to demonstrate this investment policy, investors can distinguish the following areas of analysis of potential companies: whether the leadership of a company in a particular segment can lead to the possibility of controlling the pricing of goods or / or company services; whether it is possible to create a competitive business through the attraction of additional investment opportunities. Thus, solving the problem of finances, and more precisely the ability to run a business for a certain time, can bring to positive indicators of profit and return on invested capital; the impact on the aggregate industry reserve of profits, which makes it possible to receive more profit from the industry of related fields from consumers than competitors can, thus ensuring long-term competitiveness. Also regarding the display of client base of goods and services that we can distinguish for investors is: demonstrating the presence of privileged clients; the existence of diversified profit strategies; availability of special copy - protected goods and business models; the presence of unique and difficult to copy distribution and communication channels; the presence of barriers to competitors (patents. Brand, licensing, large investments in market entry, etc.).

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