scholarly journals Impact of Pasteurization Process on the Quality and Marination Properties of Onion Juice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Hande Demir ◽  
Mustafa Kemal Yıldız ◽  
İsmail Becerikli ◽  
Sevcan Unluturk ◽  
Zehra Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Browning ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Incident Intensity ◽  
Sample Depth ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Pasteurization ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Uv C

This study aims to compare UV-C irradiation and conventional heat treatment to produce pasteurized onion juice used as a meat marinating agent. The process conditions maximizing the inactivation of target microorganism Escherichia coli K-12 were; 0.5 mm sample depth, 30 min irradiation, 7.5 mW/cm2 UV incident intensity for UV-C and, 74.5°C and 12 min for heat treatment. Except pH and non-enzymatic browning index, differences between physicochemical properties of raw, UV-C and heat-treated onion juices were significant. Springiness and chewiness of unmarinated beefsteaks were higher compared to the ones marinated with the fresh and pasteurized onion juice (UV-C and heat). Pasteurization of onion juice (UV-C and heat) did not significantly affect general liking scores compared to beefsteaks marinated in untreated onion juice.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of non-thermal and thermal treatment on the shelf-life of onion juice

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hande Demir ◽  
Mustafa Kemal Yıldız ◽  
İsmail Becerikli ◽  
Sevcan Unluturk ◽  
Zehra Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Incident Intensity ◽  
Physicochemical Changes ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Uv C

Onion (Allium cepa L.) juice is a marinating agent for meat and fish marination and readily usable sauce for any meal that has onion in its formulation. This study aims to assess the microbiological and physicochemical changes in the onion juice processed by UV-C irradiation (0.5 mm sample depth, 30 min exposure time, 7.5 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> UV incident intensity) and conventional heat treatment (74.5°C, 12 min) during its storage. Microbiological results showed processing by UV-C irradiation or heat treatment under optimum conditions extended the microbial shelf-life of untreated onion juice by minimum 6-times. Total colour change of heat-treated samples was lower than that of untreated and UV-C treated samples for 12 weeks. Also, pH, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids content, turbidity, NEBI and total phenolic content were monitored for 12 weeks. The results of this study will form scientific infrastructure for onion juice manufacturers to decide on the processing method with respect to its shelf-life.

Optimized Thermomechanical Treatment for Strong and Ductile Martensitic Steels

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 4526-4531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araz Ardehali Barani ◽  
Dirk Ponge
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Strength And Ductility

In this study the effect of thermomechanical treatment on the microstructure of austenite and martensite and the mechanical properties of a medium carbon silicon chromium spring steel with different levels of impurities is investigated. Results are presented for conventional heat treatment and for thermomechanical treatment (TMT). Compared to conventionally heat treated samples austenite deformation improves strength and ductility. Thermomechanically treated samples are not prone to embrittlement by phosphorous. TMT influences the shape and distribution of carbides within the matrix and at prior austenite grain boundaries. It is shown that utilization of TMT is beneficial for increasing the ultimate tensile strength to levels above 2200 MPa and at the same time maintaining the ductility obtained at strength levels of 1500 MPa by conventional heat treatment. The endurance limit is increased and embrittlement does not occur.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT AND PLASMA NITRIDING ON CORROSION RESISTANCE OF 440B MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łępicka ◽  
Małgorzata Grądzka-Dahlke
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Steel Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Reliability and durability assurance poses a serious challenge for surgical instruments manufacturers. Hard working conditions, such as intermittent contact with body fluids and hard bone tissues, as well as necessity to undergo frequent sterilisation processes, induce constant research into solutions capable of ensuring high wear resistance while maintaining satisfactory imperviousness to corrosion. Plasma nitriding is marked as the modern corrosion resistance improving method suitable for surgical instruments steels. The paper presents findings from the heat treated and plasma nitrided AISI 440B (PN EN or DIN X90CrMoV18) steel corrosion resistance studies. Three conventionally heat treated (quenched with tempering in 250, 390 or 605°C) and three additionally plasma nitrided in N2:H2 reaction gas mixture (50:50, 35:65 and 20:80 ratio, respectively) specimens groups were examined. Furthermore, the authors evaluated the effect of machining - polishing and sandblasting - on investigated steel corrosion resistance. Microscopic observations and electrochemical corrosion tests were performed using a variety of analytical techniques. Results showed that, in comparison to conventional heat treatment, plasma nitriding of 440B stainless steel does not significantly affect its corrosive characteristics as far as the uniform nitride layer over the entire detail surface is obtained. The layer heterogeneity results in intensification of corrosion processes, making the material even more susceptible to corrosion than after conventional heat treatment, and contributing to severe, visible even with the unaided eye damages development.

Effect of non-conventional heat treatment of API X60 pipeline steel on corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ricardo Jacobo ◽  
Rafael Garcia ◽  
Victor Hugo Lopez ◽  
Antonio Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of heat treatment (HT) applied to an API X60 steel in corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility through slow strain rate tests (SSRT) in NS4 solution and congenital water (CW) to assess external and internal SCC, respectively. Design/methodology/approach API X60 steel was heat treated at a temperature of 1,200°C for 30 min followed by water quenching. Specimens from this steel were machined according to NACE TM 198. SSRT were performed in a constant extension rate tests (CERT) machine at room temperature at a strain rate of 1 × 10–6 s–1. For this purpose, a glass cell was used. Corrosion behavior was evaluated through polarization curves (PCs). Findings The SCC index obtained from SSRT indicates that the steel heat treated could be susceptible to SCC in CW and NS4 solution; the mechanism of SCC was hydrogen embrittlement. Thus, CW may promote the SCC phenomenon in pipelines. HT improves the steel corrosion resistance. Higher corrosion rate (CR) was observed when the steel is exposed to CW. The corrosion process in X60 steel shows that the oxidation reaction in the anodic branch corresponds to an activation process, and the cathode branches reveal a diffusion process. Originality/value The purpose of the heat treatment applied to X60 steel was to generate a microstructure of acicular ferrite to improve the corrosion resistance and SCC behavior.

Fracture toughness relationships in a low-alloy steel

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
R. Padmanabhan ◽  
W. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Effects ◽  
Improve Fracture Toughness ◽  
Inverse Response

Utilization of high austenitization temperatures to improve fracture toughness of UHSLA steels at similar strength levels has received considerable interest. However, these heat treatments result in reduced ductility and impact toughness. This inverse response of impact and plane strain fracture toughness is essentially due to microstructural effects and it is possible to achieve simultaneous improvements in all these properties through controlled variations in the microstructure.A vacuum remelted Si-modified 4340 steel was chosen for this study under three heat treated conditions, viz., conventional, high temperature and step with austenitization temperatures of 1143 K (1 hr), 1473 K (1 hr) and 1473 K (1 hr) furnace cooled to 1143 K (5 min), respectively. All samples were quenched in oil and tempered at 553 K (1 hr). A modified conventional heat treatment was also designed to achieve a desired microstructure with a 1143 K (1 hr) austenitization, a 923 K (1 hr) intermediate temper (after oil quenching), a 1123 K (3 min) reaustenitization and a final 553 K (1 hr) temper (after requenching) steps.

scholarly journals Effect of Electric Current Heat Treatment on Commercially Pure Titanium Sheets

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Chan-Hyeok Lee ◽  
Seong-Woo Choi ◽  
P. L. Narayana ◽  
Thi Anh Nguyet Nguyen ◽  
Sung-Tae Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Heat Treated Sample ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Current Heat

Rapid electric current heat treatment has been successfully applied to a cold-rolled sheet of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti). The electric current heat treatment was conducted at various temperatures (400, 500, 600 and 700 ∘C) by altering the current density (A/mm2). The detailed microstructure and texture evolution was studied using electron backscatter and X-ray diffraction analysis. For comparison, conventional heat treatment at 400, 500 and 600 ∘C were also applied to the cold-rolled sheets. The electrically heat-treated sample showed a much smaller and uniform grain size with a relatively weak texture than the conventionally heat-treated one. As a result, the electrically heat-treated samples exhibited better tensile properties than conventionally heat-treated samples. Furthermore, the electric current treatment produced minimum sheet distortion and good oxidation resistance compared with the conventional heat treatment.

Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Microstructural Evolution in Nanograined Ni-Ti Microwires Heat Treated by Electric Pulse

2011 ◽  
Vol 172-174 ◽  
pp. 682-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remi Delville ◽  
Benoît Malard ◽  
Jan Pilch ◽  
Petr Šittner ◽  
Dominique Schryvers
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Dislocation Slip ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment

Transmission electron microscopy and mechanical testing were employed to investigate the evolution of microstructure and functional superelastic properties of 0.1mm diameter as-drawn Ni-Ti wires subjected to a non-conventional heat treatment by controlled electric pulse current. This method enables a finer control of the recovery and recrystallisation processes taking place during the heat treatment and accordingly a better control on the final microstructure. The best functional properties were obtained for heat-treated Ni-Ti wires having a nanograined microstructure (20-50 nm) partially recovered through polygonization and partially recrystallized. Such microstructure is highly resistant against dislocation slip upon cycling, while microstructures annealed for longer time and showing mostly recrystallized grains were prone to dislocation slip, particularly as the grain size exceeds 100 nm. The density of dislocation defects increased significantly with increasing grain size of the microstructure. The activity of three <100>/{011} slip systems was identified in the largest grains of 500-1200 nm. An additional mode of plastic deformation, {114} compound austenite twinning, was observed in the largest grains of fully recrystallized microstructures. It is proposed that dislocation slip (and possibly deformation twinning) occurring in superelastic cycling is coupled with the stress-induced martensitic transformation.

scholarly journals Synthesis of nano-TiO2 assisted by glycols and submitted to hydrothermal or conventional heat treatment with promising photocatalytic activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e13
Author(s):  
Lidiaine Maria Santos ◽  
Antonio Eduardo da Hora Machado
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Volume Deformation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Conventional Oven

TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel method employing different glycols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol 300), which were heat-treated in conventional oven or by hydrothermal via, obtaining photocatalysts with particle sizes and distinct crystalline structures. HRTEM analyses showed that the oxides submitted to hydrothermal treatment featured spherical morphology, being formed by partially aggregated particles with sizes varying between 2 and 5 nm. X-ray diffractograms and Raman spectroscopy confirm that anatase was predominant in all synthesized compounds, with presence of brookite phase for samples that received hydrothermal treatment or were synthesized in the presence of polyethylene glycol with heat treatment in conventional oven. The amount of brookite as well as the cell volume, deformation, network parameters and crystallinity were estimated by Rietveld refinement. The surface area and porosity of the materials were higher when the synthesis involved the use of hydrothermal treatment. These oxides are mesoporous with porosity between 14 and 31%. The oxide synthesized in the presence of ethylene glycol with hydrothermal thermal treatment (TiO2G1HT) exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity in terms of mineralization of azo-dye Ponceau 4R (C.I. 16255), under UV-Vis irradiation. This higher photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the formation of binary oxides composed by anatase and brookite and by its optimized morphological and electronic properties.

Promoting Bacillus cereus Spore Germination for Subsequent Inactivation by Mild Heat Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2079-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENE STRANDEN LØVDAL ◽  
MARIA BEFRING HOVDA ◽  
PER EINAR GRANUM ◽  
JAN THOMAS ROSNES
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Mild Heat ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Activation ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Double Heat Treatment

Sublethal heat treatment may activate dormant spores and thereby potentiate the conversion of spores to vegetative cells. As the germinated spore is known to possess lower heat resistance than its dormant counterpart, it has been postulated that double heat treatment, i.e., spore heat activation followed by germination and then by heat inactivation, can be used to control spores in foods. Production of refrigerated processed foods of extended durability often includes more than one heat treatment of the food components. This work simulates conventional heat treatment procedures and evaluates double heat treatment as a method to improve spore control in model food matrixes of meat broth and cream sauce. Bacillus cereus NVH 1230-88 spores were supplemented in food model matrixes and heat activated at 70°C and then heat inactivated at 80 or 90°C. The samples were held at 29 to 30°C for 1 h between primary and secondary heat treatments, to allow spore germination. Nutrients naturally present in the food matrixes, e.g., amino acids and inosine, could act as germinants that induce germination. The levels of germinants could be too low to produce effective germination within 1 h. Following primary heat treatment, some samples were therefore supplemented with a combination of L-alanine and inosine, a germinant mixture known to be effective for B. cereus spores. In both matrixes, a combination of double heat treatment (heat activation, germination, and inactivation) and addition of germinants gave a reduction in spore counts equivalent to or greater than that obtained with a single heat treatment for 12 min at 90°C. Addition of germinants was essential to induce effective germination in cream sauce during 1 h at 29 to 30°C, and germinants were therefore a crucial supplement to obtain an effect of double heat treatment in this matrix. These data will be valuable when setting up temperature-time-germinant combinations for an optimized spore reduction in mild-heat–treated foods.

SYNTHESIS OF NANOSIZE SILICON CARBIDE POWDER BY CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION OF SiO2

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DEHGHANZADEH ◽  
A. ATAIE ◽  
S. HESHMATI-MANESH
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Sample Heat ◽  
State Reduction ◽  
Heat Treated

A mixture of silicon carbide nano-particles and nano-whiskers has been synthesized through solid state reduction of silica by graphite employing high energy planetary ball milling for 25 h and subsequent heat treatment at 1300-1700°C in dynamic argon atmosphere. Effects of process conditions on the thermal behavior, phase composition and morphology of the samples were investigated using DTA/TGA, XRD and SEM, technique, respectively. DTA/TGA analysis shows that silicon carbide starts to form at ~ 1250°C. Analysis of the XRD patterns indicates that the phase composition of the sample heat treated at 1300°C for 2 h mainly consists of SiO 2 together with small amount of β- SiC . Nano-crystalline silicon carbide phase with a mean crystallite size of 38 nm was found to be dominate phase on heat treatment temperature at ~ 1500°C. Substantial SiO 2 was still remained in the above sample. SEM studies reveal that the sample heat treated at 1500°C for 2 h contains nano-particles and nano-whisker of β- SiC with a mean diameter of almost ~ 85 nm. The results obtained were also showed that the characteristics of the synthesized SiC particles strongly depend on the mechanical activation and heat treatment conditions.

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