scholarly journals The analysis of the availability of nasal corticosteroids at the regional market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Khanyk ◽  
B. P. Hromovyk ◽  
I. L. Chukhrai ◽  
H. I. Bilushchak
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Availability Index ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Price Situation

Aim. To analyse the availability of nasal corticostyroids (NC) in the regional market (on the example of Lviv region).Results. It was found that the average retail prices (ARP) of 5 international non-proprietary names of NC in the form of 15 trade names were in the range from 127.35 to 440.13 UAH in 2019, from 158.12 to 461.75 UAH in 2020 and from 187.2 to 562.9 UAH in 2021. The prices of one DDD of the analysed NC ranged from 2.88 UAH to 15.76 UAH in 2019, from 3.27 to 19.5 UAH in 2020 and from 6.5 UAH to UAH 18.76 in 2021. Despite the growth of the ARP, the availability rate for the most NC was higher than one. It was found that the competitiveness of the NC was characterized by annual instability.Conclusions. Based on the study of ARP as a separate package and one DDD of 5 international non-proprietary names of NC in the form of 15 trade names, which were presented in the regional market of Lviv region every month from January 2019 to January 2021, it was found that prices for most NC increased. Analysis of the availability index of NC revealed that for more than two thirds of NC it was higher than one. Thus, the average salary for the analysed period grew faster than the ARP of NC. Using graphical and mathematical methods of competitiveness assessment, it was shown that the price situation and the width of the distribution channel in the regional market of NC was quite unstable, which requires constant monitoring. Key words: nasal corticosteroids; average retail prices; DDD; availability; competitiveness

scholarly journals Factors influencing price premiums of Australian wine in the UK market

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyse Shane ◽  
MD Wahid Murad ◽  
Susan Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Product Attributes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Price Premiums ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Pricing Theory ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine and analyse that factors that could potentially influence price premiums of Australian wine in the UK market. The authors integrated the economic-based hedonic pricing theory and marketing export pricing literature. The authors demonstrate a potential solution to limitations in knowledge of market-level data and industry wide competition, currently lacking in export pricing studies. Design/methodology/approach Using data extracted from wine-searcher.com and using multiple regression as the main analytical technique, the authors examined the relationships between actual retail prices UK consumers pay for Australian wine and product attributes. The authors compared the moderating influence of distribution channel (retail choice) on these relationships. Findings The results provide insights in export pricing literature, and the authors support better theoretical explanations for hedonic pricing studies in export marketing. The authors found two types of wine attributes – “brand” and “region of origin” – that attract price premiums. While relationships between variety and retail price, as well as age and retail price are less clear, the authors provide some support. Research limitations/implications One limitation of this hedonic pricing study is the inability to explain why certain relationships between product attributes and price premiums exist. Studies such as these could be improved by utilising both consumer- and firm-level data. Practical implications Whilst final prices paid by consumers are beyond the control of producers, understanding the relationships between retail prices, retail choices and product attributes are of strategic importance. Understanding the role consumer preferences play in determining prices they ultimately pay is of great value when determining export/retail pricing strategies. Social implications Consumers and firm managers are jointly able to provide comprehensive explanations on why certain attributes attract price premiums. The integration of economic and consumer-based theories provides a holistic understanding of the influence of retail choices and product attributes on retail prices. Originality/value The authors drew on the hedonic pricing theory linking product attributes with retail prices, which is vital for understanding market share and brand image. The authors identified which product attributes and which distribution channels (retail choices) are valuable to consumers. Deeper understanding of these issues is important for producers.

scholarly journals Research of medicinal products of the nsaid of the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine for the period 2014–2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
L. V. Iakovlieva ◽  
A. A. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Target Characteristics

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are groups of different chemical structures of drugs (derivatives of acids) that are widely used in clinical practice. More than three million people in the world take NSAIDs every day. The aim of the study – аnalysis of the range and target characteristics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market during 2014–2018. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, presented on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine for 2014–2017, were selected as research objects. The research used retail prices, according to the «Pharmstandard» system of the «Morion» company. NSAIDs in Ukraine during 2014–2018 were represented from 302 to 419 TN based on 32 INN. Diclofenac was also represented by the largest number of trade names, due to its distinct efficacy, less toxicity among the most effective drugs and the low cost of domestic generic drugs. Fewer TN than Diclofenac but more than the bulk of NSAIDs in the market were presented by the following INNs – meloxicam, ibuprofen, nimesulide and a combination of glucosamine with chondroitin sulfate. A large selection of NSAIDs has been identified in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. Imported Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are more represented. These drugs have a wide range of prices that allow you to optimize your treatment costs. The prices of NSAIDs for researched period had increase. The reason can be in conditions of political and socio-economic crisis in the country

scholarly journals Channels Coordination Game Model Based on Result Fairness Preference and Reciprocal Fairness Preference: A Behavior Game Forecasting and Analysis Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Ding ◽  
Kaihong Wang ◽  
Xiaoying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Channel Coordination ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Total Utility ◽  
Preference Theory ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Retail Prices

In a distribution channel, channel members are not always self-interested, but altruistic in some conditions. Based on this assumption, this paper adopts a behavior game method to analyze and forecast channel members’ decision behavior based on result fairness preference and reciprocal fairness preference by embedding a fair preference theory in channel research of coordination. The behavior game forecasts that a channel can achieve coordination if channel members consider behavior elements. Using the behavior game theory model we established, we can prove that if retailers only consider the result fairness preference and they are not jealous of manufacturers’ benefit, manufacturers will be more friendly to retailers. In such case, the total utility of the channel is higher compared with that of self-interest channel, and the utility of channel members is Pareto improved. If both manufactures and retailers consider reciprocal fairness preference, the manufacturers will give a lower wholesale price to the retailers. In return, the retailers will also reduce retail prices. Therefore, the total utility of the channels will not be less than the total utility of the channel coordination, as long as the reciprocity wholesale prices meet certain conditions.

scholarly journals Asymmetric price transmission in the distribution channels of pork: Focusing on the effect of policy regulation of Sunday sales by hypermarkets in Korea.

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 499-509
Author(s):  
Heesun Lim ◽  
Byeong-il Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Price Transmission ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Asymmetric Price Transmission ◽  
Market Inefficiency ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Retail Prices

In this paper, we investigate whether there exists market inefficiency in the distribution channel of pork by estimating a developed partial adjustment model that captures the asymmetric price transmission from wholesale to retail prices. The estimation results show that market efficiency exists for the wholesale and two types of retail markets in the distributional channel of pork in Korea. The government's regulation on Sunday sales by hypermarkets plays a significant role in increasing market efficiency, forcing more competition among hypermarkets, and changing the structure of asymmetric price transmission from wholesale to traditional market prices. The results suggest that the policy goal has been achieved in the traditional market by leading to a more efficient price forming due to a lessened degree of asymmetric price transmission from the wholesale price. Although market inefficiency has been maintained in the distribution channel between wholesale market and hypermarket, the behavior of price setting by hypermarkets has not been influenced by the policy.

Research on Sites Layout of Integrative Public Transit in Urban and Country

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wu ◽  
Jie Meng ◽  
Xiang Li Zou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Site Layout ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents

In response to the phenomenon that urban and rural residents travel in short supply caused by rapid economic development, expanded the integration of urban and rural bus line site layout study. Firstly, analyzed the factors that affect the integration of urban and rural bus line site layout. Secondly, used operations research and mathematical methods to site layout model. Finally, used a hypothetical example to verify the feasibility of the model. The result shows that the model can solve some of the problems in the integration of urban and rural bus to make some contribution to the integration of urban and rural bus. Key words: the integration of urban and rural bus; site; mode; layout

scholarly journals Analysis of the assortment and economic affordability of noоtropic drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
O. Ya. Mishchenko ◽  
N. Yu. Palagina ◽  
O. L. Khaleeva ◽  
Yu. I. Greshko
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Nootropic Drugs ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Aim. To analyze the range and assess the economic availability of nootropic drugs at the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market in 2018. Materials and methods. The study object was information about nootropic drugs available at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine in 2018 based on the data of the “PharmXplorer” analytical system of the information retrieval company “Morion”. The study included drugs used for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases from the N06B X pharmacotherapeutic group (according to the ATC classification) – “Other psychostimulative and nootropic drugs”. An indicator of the adequacy of solvency (Ca.s.) was calculated using the data taken on the prices of drugs and the average level of wages for 2018. Results. At the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market in 2018 a wide range of nootropic drugs was presented. The range of retail prices per drug pack was significant, indicating the possibility of a doctor and a patient to choose the drug taking into account its efficacy, safety and affordability. Most trade names of nootropics (52 %) were registered as oral dosage forms, being compliant for patients with chronic cerebral circulatory disorders. 48 % were injectable and infusion drugs, which were topical for acute ischemic attack. Conclusions. It was found that in 2018 drugs containing piracetam, vinpocetine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its derivatives, most drugs based Phenibut (84.6 % of TN) and citicoline (68 % of TN) were highly available to the consumer. Most of the injectable dosage forms of nootropics based on hydrolyzates and tissue derivatives were readily available (50 % of TH) for the average consumer in Ukraine. Considering a fairly wide range of nootropic drugs and the economic availability of most of them the principle of superiority of clinical efficacy, safety and affordability should be the basis for creating and developing new nootropic drugs. Key words: nootropic drugs; assortment; economic affordability; Ukrainian pharmaceutical market.

scholarly journals TRENDS OF GRAIN PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Farit Mukhametgaliev ◽  
Landysh Sitdikova ◽  
Fayaz Avhadiev ◽  
Nail Asadullin ◽  
Ilgizar Gaynutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Face

The relevance of the work is determined by the need to identify the main trends and characteristics of the development of the grain industry at the regional level in the face of new challenges of the external economic situation. The purpose of the research is to identify trends in the grain industry development under the conditions of import substitution and justification of the necessary priority organizational, economic and technological measures to increase the efficiency of grain production. The subject of the study is the system of organizational and economic relations that take shape in the process of production and sale of grain in modern conditions of globalization of the economy. As the main results of the study, the article presents the trends and characteristics of the development of grain production: the continuing disparity in prices for agricultural and industrial products, the current low level of profitability of grain production, the inertia in the development of innovative technologies, the lag in the growth of processing capacities and domestic consumption from the rate of increase in grain production, infrastructural restrictions and unstable situation in the regional grain market. A transition to innovative technologies with resource-saving technologies, precision farming and digitalization, clustering of the grain-product subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex, improvement of distribution routes, expansion of sustainable distribution channels, an increase in the number of operators in the regional market, and the formation of a distribution channel through the Republican Commodity Exchange are proposed

scholarly journals DETERMINAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA PARA CASCAVEL, PR

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Deborah Sandra Leal Guimarães Schneider ◽  
Marcio Antono Vilas Boas ◽  
Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo ◽  
Eurides Kuster Macedo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
The State ◽  
Index Rainfall ◽  
Availability Index ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

DETERMINAÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA PARA CASCAVEL, PR  Deborah Sandra Leal Guimarães Schneider; Márcio Antonio Vilas Boas; Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo; EuridesKüster Macedo JuniorCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar e analisar o Índice de Disponibilidade de Umidade (IDU) proposto por Hargreaves e Merkley. Para essas determinações, a evapotranspiração potencial foi estimada pelos métodos de Camargo, Thornthwaite e Hargreaves-Samani. Utilizou-se uma série pluvial, na cidade de Cascavel, PR referente ao período de 01-01-1973 a31-12-2001. Os Índices de Disponibilidade de Umidade mostraram a existência de excedente hídrico na maioria dos meses, quando determinado em função da evapotranspiração pelos métodos de Thornthwaite e Camargo, e déficit pelo método de Hargreaves-Samani. O IDU determinado na forma decêndial apresentou déficit hídrico em agosto para os três métodos de evapotranspiração. Ressalta-se, entretanto, que o IDU usando-se o método de Hargreaves-Samani, mostrou déficits hídricos nos meses de abril, julho, setembro e novembro. UNITERMOS: Evapotranspiração potencial, índice hídrico, e precipitação pluvial.  SCHNEIDER, D. S. L. G.; BOAS, M. A. V.; URIBE-OPAZO, M. A.; MACEDO JUNIOR.; E. DETERMINATION OF HUMIDITY AVAILABILITY INDEX FOR THE REGION OF CASCAVEL IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ  2 ABSTRACT The objective of this paper was to determine and analyze Humidity Availability Index (HAI) proposed by Hargreaves and Merkley. For these determinations, potential evapotranspiration was estimated by Camargo, Thornthwaite, and Hargreaves-Samani methods. A pluvial series was used in the city ofCascavel, PR,Brazil, measured from 01-01-1973 to 12-31-2001. HAIs showed the existence of excessive hydric volume in almost all months when determined in favor of evapotranspiration using Thornthwaite and Camargos’s methods, and a deficit using Hargreaves-Samani’s method. Determined descending HAI showed a hydric deficit in August for all three evapotranspiration methods. However, using Hargeaves-Samani method, HAI presented a hydric deficit in the months of April, June, September, and November. KEY WORDS: Evapotranspiration, Hydric Index, rainfall 

scholarly journals ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ДАННЫХ МЕЧЕНИЯ И ПОВТОРНОГО ОТЛОВА ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ РАЗМЕРА ПОПУЛЯЦИИ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
A. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Calculation Error ◽  
Absolute Count ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Ecological Literature ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Principal Advantage

<p>Marked and capture-recapture methods are the main alternative to the methods of absolute count for determination of the populations size within the limits of biotope. Principal advantage of these methods is the absence of dependence between the calculation error of population size and biotope area. The basic lack of the methods is the results’ dependence on a sample size.</p> <p>This article aims to fill the existent gaps in national ecological literature concerning the usage of these methods and to present the algorithms of determination of population size from the data of marked and capture–recapture methods.</p> <p><em>Key words: population, marked methods, capture-recapture methods, mathematical methods.</em></p>

scholarly journals Research of assortment and price condition of the regional market of antidepressants for treatment of women in prenatal and postnatal periods

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
М. Є. Матвійчук ◽  
Б. П. Громовик
Keyword(s):  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Full Time ◽  
State Register ◽  
Regional Market ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
The One ◽  
Competitive Pricing

According to studies, depression in women occurs during pregnancy or within 4 weeks after delivery and can last up to 6 months. or even up to a year after birth. The most common in treating depression in pregnant women and during breastfeeding are antidepressants of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) group. The study aimed research the range and price situation in pharmacies (on the example of Lviv) of antidepressants SSRIs group used to treat depression in women in the prenatal and postnatal periods. The objects were the data of the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine and the ATC / DDD Index 2021 and also information on the prices for medicines in pharmacies in Lviv and the average salary of full-time employees in Lviv region as of February 2021. Methods used: system, statistical, comparison analysis, generalization. It is shown that in Lviv pharmacies there were more than half of the trade names (TNs) of antidepressants of the SSRIs group registered in Ukraine. Based on 1 defined daily dose (DDD), on the one hand, competitive pricing and relative economic affordability for four-fifths of the studied drugs in terms of specific TNs, on the other ‒ a small number (14.6%) of the most affordable TNs antidepressants of the SSRIs group. We researched that there were six international non-proprietary names of antidepressants of the SSRIs group in the form of 77 trade names (TN) were registered in Ukraine in February 2021. There were only 41 or 53.9% of their TN was present in Lviv pharmacies. We determined that the lowest prices of 1 DDD among the TNs antidepressants of SSRIs group are characteristic of Fluxen capsules № 30 and Fluoxetine 20 mg tablets of Ukrainian production. The highest prices of 1 DDD are inherent in the Cipramil 20 mg tablets and Cipralex 10 mg tablets of Danish production. We found that the overall value of the price liquidity ratio for the vast majority (33 or 80,5% out of 41 TNs) antidepressants of SSRIs group of TNs present in pharmacies in Lviv does not exceed 0.5, which indicates an intensely competitive environment in the regional market of these drugs and the relative availability in pharmacies of a particular TN of the studied antidepressants. On the other hand, the most affordable for a price of 1 DDD were only 6 or 14.6% of TNs antidepressants of the SSRIs group, which have low values of affordability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document