scholarly journals Low-cost test setup for motorcycle protective clothing abrasion examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Dietrich Spädt ◽  
Imane Moulefera ◽  
Al Mamun ◽  
Marah Trabelsi ◽  
Lilia Sabantina
Keyword(s):  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Different Types

The personal protective equipment and protective clothing for motorcyclists reduce physical injuries to victims of road accidents. Therefore, it is important that the protective clothing complies with a number of test standards, which must be taken into account during the manufacturing process. However, the EN17092-1 to 6 standard does not necessarily correspond to a real accident situations and these testing procedures are time consuming. In this study, a simple and inexpensive self-constructed device for testing the abrasion resistance of motorcycle protective clothing was developed and evaluated. Different types of textiles and leather with and without coating were tested and compared. According to the results of this study, not only leather but also textiles offer good abrasion resistance results. The results show that the strength of an impact significantly changes the abrasion resistance. The developed test method can provide a good alternative as a low-cost and simple test method of abrasion resistance of motorcycle protective clothing.

scholarly journals A New Roadway Eventual Obstacle Detection System Based on Computer Vision

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5109
Author(s):  
Mariano Gonzalez-de-Soto ◽  
Rocio Mora ◽  
José Antonio Martín-Jiménez ◽  
Diego Gonzalez-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Different Types

A new roadway eventual obstacle detection system based on computer vision is described and evaluated. This system uses low-cost hardware and open-source software to detect and classify moving elements in roads using infra-red and colour video images as input data. This solution represents an important advancement to prevent road accidents due to eventual obstacles which have considerably increased in the past decades, mainly with wildlife. The experimental evaluation of the system demonstrated that the proposed solution detects and classifies correctly different types of moving obstacles on roads, working robustly under different weather and illumination conditions.

Review on the performance characteristics and quality standards of motorcycle protective clothing

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110575
Author(s):  
Gayathri Natarajan ◽  
Palani Rajan T
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents ◽  
Tissue Trauma

Motorcycle protective clothing is designed to protect motorcyclists from injuries during accidents. It helps to protect the motorcyclist and pillion passengers during the collision and acts as a barrier between the rider’s skin and tarmac surface. Soft tissue trauma is common in motorcycle accidents and protective clothing can protect the soft tissue of the riders up to a certain extent during accidents. Though there are many reasons for road accidents and injuries, the reasons such as uncomfortable clothing, thermally inefficient protective clothing during hot climatic conditions, and ineffective performance of the personal protective equipment (PPE) are also to be considered seriously. Motorcycle clothing is specially designed in such a way that it could give better protection against impact and abrasion during the collision. An increase in the usage of the motorcycle has also in turn increased the crash statistics. This paper deals with the significance of motorcycle clothing, materials, test standards, and their performance characteristics. As per the review results, most of the motorcycle protective clothing has failed to meet out the quality standard protocols. Impact resistance, abrasion resistance, thermal comfort, and ergonomics are the major areas where more focus is required. Design of appropriate fabrics assuring requisites of motorcycle clothing is very challenging and extensive research is still intended in these areas.

Confusion in the evaluation of sound barriers under harmonized standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. 2318-2326
Author(s):  
Pavel Rubáš
Keyword(s):  
Decision Rules ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Sound Barriers ◽  
Single Number

After the obligatory introduction of the declaration of uncertainty in EN 1793-2:2018, the B categories shall not be used to prevent further confusion. Contrary to the updated standard, B categories remain a ubiquitous contractual criterion in the Czech Republic. Contractors continue to request insulation category B3 products determined according to the cancelled EN 1793-2:1997. The current standard only specifies a test method for determining the intrinsic airborne sound insulation performance of noise barriers designed for tunnel roads, deep trenches or covered spaces. EN 1793-6:2018 shall be used for barriers designed for non-reverberant conditions. Notified bodies involved in barriers testing should exercise care and analyze whether supporting test standards in the cancelled but still harmonized EN 14388:2005 can be used or whether the latest testing procedures will be considered. A guidance document is vital because the situation is becoming increasingly confusing. Common rules should be established across the EU to prevent invalid contractual requirements concerning B3 category barriers designed for non-reverberant conditions. The paper analyzes the current unsatisfactory situation, discusses the application of single number rating involving uncertainties, and proposes decision rules for logical and illogical contractual requirements.

Robust Test Method of TSOP PEMs for Space Application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunobu Iwai ◽  
Koichi Shinozaki ◽  
Daiki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Thermal Shock Test ◽  
Space Application ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Compared with space parts, consumer parts are highly functional, low cost, compact and lightweight. Therefore, their increased usage in space applications is expected. Prior testing and evaluation on space applicability are necessary because consumer parts do not have quality guarantees for space application [1]. However, in the conventional reliability evaluation method, the test takes a long time, and the problem is that the robustness of the target sample can’t be evaluated in a short time. In this report, we apply to the latest TSOP PEM (Thin Small Outline Package Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuit) an evaluation method that combines preconditioning and HALT (Highly Accelerated Limit Test), which is a test method that causes failures in a short time under very severe environmental conditions. We show that this method can evaluate the robustness of TSOP PEMs including solder connections in a short time. In addition, the validity of this evaluation method for TSOP PEM is shown by comparing with the evaluation results of thermal shock test and life test, which are conventional reliability evaluation methods.

scholarly journals Injuries and frequent use of emergency department services: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e040272
Author(s):  
Catherine Laferté ◽  
Andréa Dépelteau ◽  
Catherine Hudon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Return Visits

ObjectiveTo review all studies having examined the association between patients with physical injuries and frequent emergency department (ED) attendance or return visits.DesignSystematic review.Data sourceMedline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO databases were searched up to and including July 2019.Eligibility criteriaEnglish and French language publications reporting on frequent use of ED services (frequent attendance and return visits), evaluating injured patients and using regression analysis.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened the search results, and assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. Results were collated and summarised using a narrative synthesis. A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the repercussions of removing a study that did not meet the quality criteria.ResultsOf the 2184 studies yielded by this search, 1957 remained after the removal of duplicates. Seventy-eight studies underwent full-text screening leaving nine that met the eligibility criteria and were included in this study: five retrospective cohort studies; two prospective cohort studies; one cross-sectional study; and one case-control study. Different types of injuries were represented, including fractures, trauma and physical injuries related to falls, domestic violence or accidents. Sample sizes ranged from 200 to 1 259 809. Six studies included a geriatric population while three addressed a younger population. Of the four studies evaluating the relationship between injuries and frequent ED use, three reported an association. Additionally, of the five studies in which the dependent variable was return ED visits, three articles identified a positive association with injuries.ConclusionsPhysical injuries appear to be associated with frequent use of ED services (frequent ED attendance as well as return ED visits). Further research into factors including relevant youth-related covariates such as substance abuse and different types of traumas should be undertaken to bridge the gap in understanding this association.

Glycans in scaffold design in tissue reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 088391152199784
Author(s):  
Nipun Jain ◽  
Shashi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Cell Carrier ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
A Cell

Development of an artificial tissue by tissue engineering is witnessed to be one of the long lasting clarified solutions for the damaged tissue function restoration. To accomplish this, a scaffold is designed as a cell carrier in which the extracellular matrix (ECM) performs a prominent task of controlling the inoculated cell’s destiny. ECM composition, topography and mechanical properties lead to different types of interactions between cells and ECM components that trigger an assortment of cellular reactions via diverse sensing mechanisms and downstream signaling pathways. The polysaccharides in the form of proteoglycans and glycoproteins yield better outcomes when included in the designed matrices. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains present on proteoglycans show a wide range of operations such as sequestering of critical effector morphogens which encourage proficient nutrient contribution toward the growing stem cells for their development and endurance. In this review we discuss how the glycosylation aspects are of considerable importance in everyday housekeeping functions of a cell especially when placed in a controlled environment under ideal growth conditions. Hydrogels made from these GAG chains have been used extensively as a resorbable material that mimics the natural ECM functions for an efficient control over cell attachment, permeability, viability, proliferation, and differentiation processes. Also the incorporation of non-mammalian polysaccharides can elicit specific receptor responses which authorize the creation of numerous vigorous frameworks while prolonging the low cost and immunogenicity of the substance.

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