scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS IN TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 138-147
Author(s):  
Иса Дуквахович Бекмурзаев
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Technological Leadership ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Space ◽  
Integral Indicator

Целью статьи является анализ теоретико-методологической основы оценки уровня технико-технологического развития стран мира, а также выяснение его современных тенденций. На основе хронологии экономического развития показано периодическое изменение технологического лидерства отдельных стран мира. Выделена система показателей, по которым проводится диагностика места соответствующей страны в мировом технологическом пространстве, а также осуществлено прогнозирование тенденций ее развития на пути научно-технического прогресса в будущем. Используя мировые рейтинги общего объема внутренних затрат на науку, их долю в валовом внутреннем продукте страны, затраты на НИОКР в расчете на одного исследователя автор показывает положение отдельных стран по финансовому обеспечению технико-технологического развития. Научная новизна полученных результатов заключается в обосновании целесообразности применения метода оценивания позиций, достигнутых страной на пути технико-технологического развития. Формирование интегрального индикатора, отражающего как ее обеспеченность ресурсами для создания новых знаний, так и степень отдачи от их использования, позволяет использовать изменения в динамике мультипликативных процессов в качестве основы для оперативной оценки эффективности решений по управлению экономикой региона. такой подход к оценке технико-технологического развития позволяет получать более обстоятельную информацию, а также выявлять слабые места, на которых следует сосредоточиться государству для содействия научно-техническому прогрессу. The purpose of the article is to analyze the theoretical and methodological basis for assessing the level of technical and technological development of the countries of the world, as well as to clarify its current trends. The author shows a periodic change in the technological leadership of individual countries of the world based on the chronology of economic development. The system of indicators is highlighted, on the basis of which the diagnostics of the place of the corresponding country in the world technological space is carried out, as well as the forecasting of the tendencies of its development on the way of scientific and technological progress in the futuret. The article, based on world rankings of the total volume of domestic expenditures on science, their share in the country's gross domestic product, R&D expenditures per researcher, describes the position of individual countries in terms of financial support for technical and technological development. The scientific novelty of the obtained results consists in the justification of the expediency of applying the method of assessing the positions achieved by the country on the path of technical and technological development through the formation of an integral indicator reflecting both its endowment with resources for creating new knowledge and the degree of return from their use. Such an approach to assessing technical and technological development allows obtaining more detailed information, as well as identifying weaknesses on which the state should focus in order to promote scientific and technological progress.

scholarly journals Current Trends in Technical and Technological Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (515) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Y. V. Dubiei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Technological Leadership ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Labor Resources

The article is concerned with the main trends of technical and technological development, which are characteristic of the world economy in the 21st century. The facts of economic history relating to technical and technological development demonstrate the periodic change in technological leadership of certain countries of the world. The system of indicators is singled out, on the basis of which the country’s place in the global technological space is diagnosed, as well as the forecasting of further trends in its development on the path of scientific and technological progress is carried out. Based on the world rankings on the total domestic costs of science, their share in the gross domestic product of the country, the cost of R&D per researcher (equivalent to full employment) shows the provisions of individual countries as to financial support of technical and technological development. The research potential is described on the basis of such indicator as the total number of researchers in a particular country. It is demonstrated that these indicators, describing in its totality the level of provision of a particular country with financial and labor resources, through which new knowledge is created, do not always indicate its success. With the involvement of the indicators of research and patent activity (which reflect the number of published articles and submitted applications for patents), as well as the global index of innovations, plus the index of development of information and communication technologies (which characterize the result of technical and technological development achieved by the country), the directions of advancement of countries in terms of technology and technology are determined. It is identified that the provision of resources for the production of new knowledge is a necessary, but insufficient condition for obtaining technological primacy in the world. It is proposed to evaluate the positions achieved by the country on the path of technical and technological development through the formation of an internal indicator, which reflects both its provision of resources for the production of new knowledge and the degree of return on their use. It is proved that this approach to the evaluation of technical and technological development allows to obtain more thorough information about its sources and factors, as well as to identify weaknesses on which the country should focus to promote scientific and technological progress.

Reclaiming the Green Continent

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Pablo Iannone
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Freedoms

This essay examines Latin American technological development and its connections with regional economic development, ecological deterioration, political freedoms’ fluctuations, and globalization processes—understood as the spreading interconnectedness of business, science, technology, politics, and culture through large regions or the entirety of the world. The essay investigates how policy and decision issues resulting from Latin American technological development and its correlates can be plausibly addressed and argues for several theses, most notably, that in dealing with the issues, national legislation and international treaties have attained and are likely to attain their purposes only to a limited extent and in a mixed manner; that less legislation-dependent procedures evidence greater effectiveness and political feasibility; and that some globalization processes help fuel the environmental issues, while others help facilitate their resolution. The essay provides some concrete examples of how the issues can be soundly addressed.

scholarly journals The Role of Education in Economic Development: A Comparison of South Korea and Kyrgyzstan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargiza Sakmurzaeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
National Budget ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Economy

Education plays a big role in the economic development of the country. No country can achieve sustainable economic development without educated human capital. Education helps people to understand themselves and world. It improves the quality of their lives and leads to broad social benefits to individuals and society. Education is a very important in raising productivity of people and promotes technological development. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the role of education in the economic development by comparing South Korea and Kyrgyzstan which are represents developed and developing countries of the world. South Korea, for example, is a highly industrialized and developed country which educational system is in the list of the best 10 systems in the world. In opposite, Kyrgyzstan is an agricultural country which economy is dominated by minerals extraction, agriculture, and reliance on remittances from citizens working abroad. As a result of the research it can be concluded that education is a compulsory and one of the major tools for development of one country. A developing country with a small economy such as Kyrgyzstan should take an example from South Korea and allocate much money from the national budget for the education. So, it is important for Kyrgyzstan to implement educational policy of developed countries within the framework of national policy.

scholarly journals Institutions as the Main Determinant in Economic Growth

ETIKONOMI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Nugroho ◽  
N. Haidy Ahmad Pasay ◽  
Arie Damayanti ◽  
Maddaremmeng Andi Panennungi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
The Other ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
The World ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model

The studies on human capital and technological progress have given incredible insights on how countries in the world differ from one another. Yet there are more than those two reasons to account for differences among countries. There is a third reason why a country would differ in terms of its economic development progress, namely institutional factors. Hence developing institutional indices would give a deeper explanation than a mere theory. On the other hand, we can corroborate the institutional index with the general theory that low-quality institutions will impact an economy negatively. This study seeks to broaden the understanding of causes of economic growth by incorporating institutional index into a semi-endogenous growth model and finds a relationship between that index with human capital and technological progress

INNOVATIONS IN UZBEKISTAN -AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Nurali Lapasov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

Innovation and scientific and technological progress are one of the key factors of economic growth. Innovative economic growth is determined by the dynamics of economic development and the level of welfare of the population, national security, the possibility of equal integration into the world economy, mainly the country's ability to use scientific and technical achievements in practice. Accordingly, the strategy of innovative development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2019-2021 has been approved in our country. The article discusses the trends of innovative development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the causes and factors hindering the development of the innovative sector of the economy and makes recommendations based on world experience

Russian Economy against a Background of Global Crisis: Current Trends and Prospects of Development

2009 ◽  
pp. 71-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akindinova ◽  
V. Mironov ◽  
M. Petronevich ◽  
S. Pukhov ◽  
S. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Future Economic Development

Overall overview of current economic situation in Russia and in the world and possible scenarios of future economic development are presented in the paper. The analysis of GDP slowdown factors shows that the fall in excess inventories, accumulated in 2007—2008, accounts for more than 2/3 of GDP reduction in Russia. It is noted that instruments used by the government are weakening each other and do not allow to achieve internal and external equilibrium simultaneously in the future. Two possible anti-crisis economic policies (which are also behind the differences in two scenarios) are considered — countercyclical and anti inflation ones, their advantages and drawbacks are examined. The conclusion is made that countercyclical policy is now more favorable, which seems also to be a government choice. Nevertheless, anti-inflation policy directed to shrink monopolies power is necessary in both scenarios.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
LOLA NAZAROVNA KHALIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The World

This article shows that an innovative and digital economy is one of the important factors in increasing the country's competitiveness and prosperity in the international arena. The economic development of Uzbekistan in the context of the globalization of the world economy and technological development is difficult to imagine without the rapid growth of the digital economy.

scholarly journals Economic potential of agro-food production in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-700
Author(s):  
Mihailo Ćurčić ◽  
Vladimir Todorović ◽  
Pavle Dakić ◽  
Kristijan Ristić ◽  
Milanka Bogavac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Factor Intensity ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Markets

This research conducted a structural and analysis of the foreign trade position of the Republic of Serbia, with special emphasis on agricultural and food products, in order to provide detailed information regarding current trends, measuring the level of comparative advantage and international position in the world and European markets. The obtained results indicate the elements that have a limiting effect on the development of this type of production. Using the RCA Index methodology and the Lafay's Index, the link between the food industry and the character of industrial exchange was established, which is measured by the Grubel Lloyd's Index. The structure of exports was analyzed from the aspect of factor intensity, so the existence of negative values of a comparative advantage and intensive goods was confirmed. Finally, we believe that the results obtained have contributed to the unraveling of available instruments, the eventual efficient use of which would help rural development, and thus the overall economic development of the Republic of Serbia.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF INSTABILITY OF THE WORLD ECONOMY UNDER GLOBALIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dołęgowski ◽  
Serhii Hushko ◽  
Volodymyr Kulishov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

We examine the main trends of world economic development. The characteristic feature of the modern world is the acceleration of globalization development, caused by the achievements of scientific and technological progress. The increase in possibilities of global problem solving is accompanied by their exacerbation and degree of openness of public systems in conditions of modern globalization. We consider the interaction of international economic agents, the formation of interconnections, the inevitability of transition to a new and more progressive model of economic development – metaeconomy and the problems which are potentially able to cause negative consequences of the financial sector redistribution. There is a growth of social inequality in the world, resulting in increasing income disparities, which intensifies the migration process and thereby creates new problems as a result of the coexistence of people belonging to different civilizations, cultures and value systems.

scholarly journals Development trends of the current global economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Viktoriia DERHACHOVA ◽  
Viktoriia HOLIUK ◽  
Oleksandr ZGHUROVSKYI
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World

Nowadays modern economics is going through a lot of changes, that makes Ukrainian businessmen track its all current trends to support the necessary level of competitiveness on the world market. The purpose of the paper is to research the current trends of the global economy and identify its prospects. The study has brought the following results. The authors identified that among the most significant trends that determine the future of the global economy are the following: economic convergence, globalization, changes in the ranking of economic growth leaders in favor of Asian countries, the growth of cryptocurrency markets, constant growth of the global debt, changes in the demographic map in favor of African countries. China, which has been considered to be the major driver of global economic development for the last decade, will gradually lose its positions to India. The article points out that today we can observe a phenomenon of economic convergence, which approximates level of economic development of different countries through faster growth rates of gross domestic products in developing countries compared to developed countries. The main causes of economic convergence include globalization, which has contributed to the spread of know-how, decline in the working-age population in developed countries compared to the rest of the world, increase in labor productivity in developing countries, and redistribution of the labor force of these countries toward higher productivity sectors. The study identifies the prospects for modifying the economic map of the world based on the following factors: increase in the rate of development of Asian economies, population growth and urbanization of certain countries in Asia and Africa, slowdown in the economic development of developed countries and the aging of European nations. The article identifies that all of these trends take place in the framework of the fourth industrial revolution, which largely determines these changes, shaping the sectoral and geographical structure of the global economic development and employment.

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