scholarly journals The Concept of «Violence» in Sociological Discourse: Critical Tradition

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
Critical Tradition ◽  
Sociological Discourse

The article is devoted to the analysis of sociological reflection of the phenomenon of violence in terms of its conceptual and ideological diversity. The classification of approaches to the study of violence in sociology, based on the relation of violence and sociality, is proposed: apologetic and critical traditions are identified in the sociological discourse of violence. The process of problematization of symbolic violence in the critical tradition of theorizing is studied. The concepts of K. Marx and F. Engels, A. Gramsci, N. Elias and M. Foucault are considered in detail from the point of view of their contribution to the sociology of violence in general. The author reveals how in the formation of the critical tradition the idea of the complexity and multidimensionality of the nature of violence develops, which excludes the possibility of reduction of the violence only to the physical one; therefore, therefore it is necessary to distinguish the other forms and types of violence – symbolic, psychological, structural, etc; the article focuses on the problem of the foundation of the concept of symbolic violence. The author comes to the conclusion that the concept of «symbolic violence» combines a variety of critical epistemological constructs, such as «domination», «alienation», «exploitation», «hegemony», «struggle», «establishments and outsiders» and others. The critical potential of the concept of «symbolic violence» lies, firstly, in the possibility of deconstruction of the obvious and everyday structures in order to find an embodiment of power relations, and secondly, in the allocation of interests of a certain group of people in the usual and routine relations of subordination and domination, concentrated in structures of everyday life.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

scholarly journals The system of points of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Guz ◽  
Yulia G. Babicheva
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequent Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the work is to explore the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in its systematic and diverse manifestation. Topicality is provided by the exceptional significance of this category in narratology. The study of the point of view based on the material of short stories by Vasily Shukshin has been conducted for the first time. The article briefly traces the history of scientific understanding of the category of point of view in foreign and Russian philology and notes the variety of approaches and definitions in the formulation of the concept. The authors use the classification of Boris Uspenskij for analysis and consider the point of view in Vasily Shukshin's short stories in psychological, ideological (evaluative), spatial-temporal and phraseological terms. The positions of Boris Korman, Yuri Lotman, Wolf Schmid and Franz Karl Stanzel also take into account. The authors note the features of Vasily Shukshin's narration that affect the expression of the point of view in the text. Vasily Shukshin's short stories are characterised by a dynamic and frequent change of points of view, which indicates the technique of “montageˮ and similarities in this regard with cinematic techniques. The conclusions generalise the variety of ways and forms of expression of the point of view in the studied artistic material. The point of view in the considered stories is characterised by variability in the correlation of subjects of speech and subjects of consciousness, alternation of external and internal points of view, mutual transitions from one to the other, text interference and other hybrid phenomena.

Determinants of Controlling in a Non-Public Higher Education Institution in Poland

2014 ◽  
pp. 342-350
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Janczyk-Strzała
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Strategic Decisions

The basis of any business, including non-public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), is financial security, which is ensured by achieving sufficiently high profits and financial liquidity. Especially in these times, a rapidly changing market, the competition, and the upcoming birth rate forces HEIs to optimize operational and strategic decisions. On one hand, it creates new opportunities for non-public HEIs, but on the other, it is a source of danger for the future of their operations. Therefore, they must not only overcome the difficulties encountered in everyday life but also try to respond to the challenges posed by their environment, demonstrating the special care to ensure the efficiency of their operations. They must not only try to increase the quality of offered services or manage their funds rationally but with equal attention should “invest” in modern management methods and concepts. Through the use of controlling, contemporary non-public HEIs are able to choose an optimum variant of decision facilitating the achievement of their goals. In view of the above, this chapter discusses the special considerations relating to controlling HEIs from the point of view of increasing their effectiveness.

On the Classification and Prognosis of Idiocy

1872 ◽  
Vol 18 (83) ◽  
pp. 333-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Ireland
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pathological Conditions

There always must be some awkwardness about the classification of insanity. It is regarded as aberration of function of the nervous centres, the result of a number of nervous diseases. The physician who wishes to have a proper know ledge of insanity from a medical point of view must study the pathological conditions of which it is the symptom or the result, and when he has done so it is impossible for him to disconnect one series of observations from the other-the mental aberration from the accompanying disaese of tissue or pathological symptoms.

A classification of the literature of insanity with relative index, on Dewey's decimal system

1905 ◽  
Vol 51 (213) ◽  
pp. 380-390
Author(s):  
A. R. Urquhart
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
Decimal System ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Other Hand

While the Association is engaged in considering the proposals of the Statistical Committee, it may be helpful to note what has been written about insanity from the point of view of a librarian. The following extended classification has been found adequate for the arrangement of some 1,500 books and pamphlets relating to this subject. An authors catalogue is easily prepared upon the usual dictionary plan, but it assumes a wide knowledge of literature, not only as a matter of history, but also as an incessant and overmastering growth. A subjects catalogue, on the other hand, is the method of importance to workers who, with the least possible delay, want to ascertain what has been written on all or any of the various aspects of the main subject engaging attention.

scholarly journals Guests and Hosts in an Athens Public Hospital: Hospitality as Lens for Analyzing Migrants’ Health Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-67
Author(s):  
Cynthia Malakasis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
Migrants Rights ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Maternity Clinic

AbstractBased on six months of ethnographic research in the maternity clinic of a major Athens public hospital in 2017, this chapter employs the conceptual lens of “hospitality” to analyze relationships that formed around the care of pregnant migrants arriving in Greece since 2015. Permanent health-care personnel, mostly midwives, are the hosts; guests include migrant women, NGO workers that accompany them to the hospital, Greek Roma maternity patients, obstetrics residents, and the native ethnographer herself. The focus is on pregnant migrants; the other guests provide comparative fodder to flesh out the subjectivity of the hosts. Through an ethnographic reconstruction of the microcosm of the clinic as a space of care, sovereignty, and everyday life, the chapter takes on two theoretical issues: the problem of scale and the argument that the hierarchical character of hospitality is incompatible with a rights-based framework. Critiques to the use of the host-guest trope as a frame for the analysis of relations between migrants and receiving states and societies are well heeded. Yet I demonstrate that guest-host dynamics are very much operative in the interaction between state-employed, permanent health-care personnel and migrants. My analysis highlights the limits and capacities of hospitality’s scalar transpositions, as well as the critical potential of hospitality as a lens that elucidates how legally guaranteed migrants’ rights are accessed and granted in practice; hospitality and rights thus emerge as complementary rather than opposing structural and explanatory frameworks.

Two cultures

Human Affairs ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Marcelli
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Anthropological Approach

AbstractThis paper begins by considering the specific position of philosophy on culture: philosophy is part of culture as well as being a reflection of the whole complex. Thus, culture finds in philosophy its own meta-cultural account. One of the results achieved by this philosophical approach might be the diagnosis of the cultural split and the symptoms of anthropological regress. On the other hand, the example of Michel de Certeau’s work shows us that from this point of view it is possible to develop philosophical anthropology as a performative discipline, studying the activities of transformation, and appropriation at the level of everyday life. This anthropological approach leads us to an awareness of the principal openness of the cultural field and even to a new understanding of balkanization.

scholarly journals I - Biology and morphology of the immature stages of Mycetophilidae ( Diptera, Nematocera )

1937 ◽  
Vol 227 (541) ◽  
pp. 1-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Secondary Characters

The importance of larval characters in determining the affinities and systematic position of Diptera has been emphasized by Dufour, Brauer, Mik, Osten-Sacken, and Keilin. Osten-Sacken considered that the desideratum of dipterology was “ to establish the natural character of each family in its larval form as well as the natural characters of at least the principal genera within each family during the same stage of existence” . As Edwards says, “ The question as to whether the larval or adult characters are of greater value for classification has often been raised. In more than one case the larval characters have been shown to be more important (Culicidae, Mycetobia ), and in some cases the classification of adults has been based on Secondary Characters, and only further examination revealed the characters of real taxonomic value ”. The position of Mycetobia provides a good example of the importance of larval characters. Winnertz and J ohannsen included it in the Mycetophilidae. Keilin (1919, a),from a detailed larval study of Mycetobia and Rhyphus , concluded that they are closely related. Further investigations by E dwards based on adult characters confirmed Keilin’s view that it should be transferred to the Rhyphidae.* In our present state of knowledge, however, classification based on larval characters could not supersede classification by adults, as only a small proportion of the immature stages of insects is known in comparison to the number of adults. However, as Edwards points out, “ Any attempt to base a classification on adults only without reference to the other stages is an unnatural proceeding and likely to produce unnatural results, owing to the ease with which striking but really superficial characters can be confused with those of more fundamental importance from the point of view of phylogeny ”.

scholarly journals POSTREALISM AND NATIONAL MODELS OF EVERYDAY LIFE IN MODERN WOMEN’S PROSE OF GREAT BRITAIN (ANNA BURNS AND BERNADINE EVARISTO)

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Tetiana Sverbilova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
National Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The article analyzes the poetics of everyday life in the novels of Anna Burns «Milkman» and Bernardin Evaristo «Girl, Woman, Other» in terms of modern theories of postrealism, which exists in the paradigm of both postmodernism and metamodernism. Accordingly, the narrative purpose of everyday rhetoric changes towards the symbolization of the banal as everyday. The traditional realities and details of the various national models of everyday life of both Irish and black British women, such as corporeality, appearance, food, clothing, topos of open space and interiors of private life, family and sexual relations, details of career and professional occupations, education and leisure, sports, various hobbies, etc. It is determined similar and diverse in different local national, racial and cultural matrices within the British postrealism of the gender type, which opposes traditional mimetic realism by the tendency to symbolize and metaphorize reality. In the age of postrealism, this is an attempt in the global world to modernize everyday life up to the level of the main modern problems of mankind. Postrealistic processes of symbolization of everyday life in the aspect related to the processes of globalization of culture is considered. This is the interaction of totalitarian thinking and new global practices of mankind. In this case, according to the principles of transculturation of global culture, it is not a one-sided influence, but interaction and interpenetration. The imagologem of the Other is analyzed as a cultural phenomenon and as a subject of narration. The difference of female images is identified as a national betrayal from the point of view of the patriarchal-tribalist community in the novel by Anna Burns. But the view of «others» in Bernardin Evaristo’s novel is characterized too by a certain monopoly in deviating from this otherness, both in thedirection of trying to preserve national, racial identity, and in the direction of the traditional norm as the oppression of a peculiar and diverse personality. The struggle for the right to an independent identity becomes the main plot of both novels, which move, on the one hand, in the traditional gender themes and, on the other hand, go beyond traditional women’s prose, not least due to symbolic stylistics and poetics in the display of everyday life in postrealist discourse.

scholarly journals Systemology of objects and processes in digitalization of the life cycle of engineering products

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-512
Author(s):  
B. M. Bazrov ◽  
M. L. Kheifetz ◽  
V. L. Hurevich ◽  
N. N. Popok
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Profile ◽  
Production Stages ◽  
Complex Profile Surfaces ◽  
Production Conditions

The main methods of classification and coding in mechanical engineering are studied from the systemic point of view, their main characteristics are considered. When analyzing the systemology of classification of machines of various functional purposes, the absence of a unified methodological approach in constructing the classification and in coding the products is shown. In the existing classifications, products are considered constructively only as objects of operation, and the other stages of their life cycle are not affected. As a result of the system analysis, a unified methodological approach is proposed for constructing classifications, coding and unification of products for various functional purposes, reflecting the features of all stages of their life cycle. For the production stages of the life cycle, a system of classifications using various coding methods is considered: a description of structural and technological elements formed by the tool edges, a sequence of numbers, taking into account signs; a description of the surfaces formed by tool movements, in numbers, indicating the directions of feed movements; and to describe complex-profile surfaces and a combination of long-range elements, their combination is used. The expediency of using each of the classifications in real production conditions is determined by the statistics of use of structural and technological elements and surfaces, as well as of tools that form them.

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