Effect of Feeding Oak (quercus Aegilops) Acorns on Nutrient Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, Ruminal Fluid Characteristics And Some Blood Metabolites in Sheep And Goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Hoger M. Hidayet ◽  
Kamal N. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

This study aimed to examine the response of sheep and goats to dietary effects of feeding different levels of oak (Quercus aegilops) acorns in terms of nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen function and some serum metabolites. The study was conducted over 4 periods each of 15 days; in each period, rams and bucks were allocated to one of the dietary treatments (control, 5, 10 and 15% oak acorns). Rams and bucks exhibited different responses to the effects of dietary levels of oak acorns. The digestibility coefficient of DM was reduced in both rams and bucks upon feeding acorns, but this decline was significant (P≤0.05) only in rams fed 10 and 15% acorns as compared to rams fed control. Also, the rams and bucks showed numerical decrease in digestibility coefficients of OM, CP, CF, and NPN. The experimental treatments had no effects on nitrogen balance parameters. Bucks exhibited significantly (P≤0.05) higher concentrations of rumen ammonia-nitrogen before, 4 hours and 6 hours after morning feeding. The rumen pH value was significantly (P≤0.05) by the animal species only at the time before morning feeding. The serum metabolites were not affected by the level of acorns in the diet. The results of this study indicate that goats are superior in digesting diets containing oak acorns up to 15%.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementing wheat offal with varied graded levels of sugarcane scrapping on utilisation of sorghum panicle fed Red Sokoto buck Keyw

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
H. Y. Adamu ◽  
A. M. Bolakale ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Four Red Sokoto bucks of averageweight 17. 40±2kg were fed sugarcane scrappingmeal in a complete diet to evaluate the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. In a 4×4 Latin Square Design four dietary treatments containing sugarcane scrapping at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels of inclusion supplementing wheat offal in a complete diet were used The proximate composition of the sugarcane scrapping showed that the scrapping had, 10.01, 2.98%and 3114 Kcal/Kg of CF, CP andME respectively. The results of the trial showed that significant high dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility of some and the nitrogen balance values were recorded in the bucks fed 30%. It was concluded that DM intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of bucks can be enhanced by including 30% of sugar cane scrapping in their diets.

Effect of NDF concentration and physical form of fescue hay on rumen degradability, intake and rumen turn-over of cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Susmel ◽  
M. Spanghero ◽  
B. Stefanon ◽  
C. R. Mills ◽  
C. Cargnelutti
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Fibre Concentration ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Turn Over

AbstractDuring two experimental periods, eight non-lactating, rumen fistulated Simmental cows were given 2 kg/day of a cereal based concentrate and fescue hay ad libitum. The hay differed in neutral-detergent fibre concentration (LNDF: low; HNDF: high) and physical form (L: long; C: coarsely chopped). The rumen degradability of the dietary ingredients and of an extracted soya-bean meal was studied using the polyester-bag method.The estimated effective rumen degradability <DG) of dry matter (DM) was significantly higher for LNDF than for HNDF hay (0·490 v. 0·401; P < 0·01). The DM DG of the extracted soya-bean meal and the dietary concentrate were higher when incubated with LNDF than with HNDF diets (0·630 v. 0·581, P < 0·05, and 0·541 v. 0·514, respectively).Chopping the hay significantly increased the daily DM intake for HNDF diets (from 9·9 to 11·6 kg; P < 0·05), while no statistical differences were found between the other diets (10·2 and 9·6 kg, respectively for L-LNDF and C-LNDF diets). Cows given HNDF hay drank less water (42·4 v. 51·7 I/day) and total water consumption, expressed per unit of DM intake, was lower for the HNDF diets (4·1 v. 5·3 I/kg DM; P < 0·01).Dietary treatments did not affect the estimated rumen turn-over rate of hay (0·027 per h on average, k1), hay post-rumen turn-over rate (0·069 per h on average, k2) or the estimated rumen liquid turn-over rate (0·100 per h on average, kj. The calculated outflow from the rumen was lower for the HNDF diets (159·4 v. 198·7 I/day). The daily amount of estimated saliva secreted did not differ between treatments, although saliva expressed per kg DM intake was significantly lower for the HNDF diets (10·8 v. 14·8 I/kg DM; P < 0·05).The HNDF diets gave a lower post-feeding rumen pH (6·29 v. 6·58; P < 0·01), a higher concentration of n-butyrate (9·58 v. 8·32 mmol/l; P < 0·05) and a lower concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (80·5 v. 128·5 mg/l; P < 0·05). Of the C4 and C5 iso-acids, the rumen liquid from cows given HNDF diets had significantly lower concentrations of isobutyrate, isovalerate and n-valerate (P < 0·01). Hay physical form did not affect rumen pH, NH3-N and volatile fatty acid concentrations.

Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Refat ◽  
U. Anele ◽  
Z. X. He ◽  
S. M. Bassiony ◽  
G. A. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Refat, B., Anele, U., He, Z. X., Bassiony, S. M., Abdel-Rahman, G. A. and Yang, W. Z. 2015. Effect of sainfoin hay and pomegranate peel extracts on in vitro fermentation and protein degradation using the RUSITEC technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 417–423. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of supplementation of sainfoin hay extract (SHE) and pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, protein metabolism and nutrient digestibility using rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). The experiment was a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. Dietary treatments were: (1) control (10% barley silage and 90% concentrate), and control supplemented (2) with SHE (4.1 g catechin equivalent kg−1dry matter; DM) or (3) with PPE (2.8 g tannic acid equivalents kg−1DM). The experiment consisted of 10 d of adaptation and 7 d of data collection. Concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower (P<0.02), but molar proportion of acetate was higher (P<0.01) with SHE or PPE than control. Branched-chain VFA decreased (P<0.01) with PPE supplementation compared with control. Concentrations of large and small peptides were not affected but ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration decreased (P<0.01) with PPE supplementation. Digestibility of DM, starch and crude protein decreased (P<0.02) with SHE and PPE supplementation compared with control. Bacterial nitrogen production (mg d−1) and bacterial efficiency (g bacterial nitrogen kg−1digested organic matter) were not affected by SHE or PPE supplementation. Overall, there were no differences in VFA concentrations, nitrogen fractions and nutrient digestibility between SHE and PPE except for the concentrations of branched-chain VFA and NH3-N, which were higher (P<0.01) with SHE versus PPE supplementation. In conclusion, supplementation of high-grain diet with SHE or PPE can decrease rumen by-pass protein; however, suppression of feed fermentation may decrease the feeding value of high-grain diet.

scholarly journals Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf goats fed diets containing graded levels of alkaline treated malted sorghum sprout

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
A. A. Saka ◽  
R. K. Adekunjo ◽  
S. O. Odukoya ◽  
K. B. Jinadu ◽  
O. A. Awodele
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutrients Intake ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A twelve-week trial was conducted to determine the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets containing graded levels of alkaline treated malted sorghum sprout (AMSP) using Panicum maximum as the basal diet. A total number of sixteen (16) WAD goats with an average live weight; 5.8 ± 0.6 kg were allotted on weight equalization into four (4) dietary treatments consisting of four goats per treatments in a completely randomized design. Four (4) diets were formulated to contain 0, 20, 40 and 60% AMSP. Data was collected on nutrients intake, digestibility and Nitrogen utilization parameters. Significant difference (P<0.05) were observed in all the nutrient intake parameters observed except for dry matter intake. Goats fed 40% AMSP recorded the highest total ash intake (27.01%), total acid detergent fibre (11.46%) and total cellulose intake (83.13%) compared with other dietary treatments. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in all the nutrient digestibility parameters except the ether extract, ash, cellulose and hemicellulose. The highest Ash (66.16%), cellulose (82.47%) and hemicellulose (82.26%) contents were obtained in goats fed 40% AMSP. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the Nitrogen metabolism variables observed except total nitrogen intake and nitrogen balance. Goats fed 40% AMSP based diet recorded the highest Nitrogen retention (62.18%). It can therefore be concluded that 40% AMSP can be used as potential sources of supplements in ruminants feed most especially during dry season as it enhanced nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance.

scholarly journals Effects of mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) pods as a potential feed material for kids

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
L Pena-Avelino ◽  
I Ceballos-Olvera ◽  
J Alva-Perez ◽  
J Vicente ◽  
J Pinos-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Matter Basis

To evaluate the dietary inclusion of mesquite pods (Prosopis laevigata) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites and carcass traits, 15 Creole goat kids (12.1 ± 2.8 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets with 0, 300 and 600 g of mesquite pods (dry matter basis). The study lasted 80 days. At the end of this period, the blood and ruminal fluid were sampled and the nitrogen (N) balance was calculated. The growth performance and feed intake were not affected by the mesquite pods. The nitrogen digestibility, N absorbed, and N retained increased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing amounts of mesquite pods in the diet. The serum glucose and triglycerides were not affected by the mesquite pods, but the creatinine and uric acid decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) as the mesquite pods increased in the diet. The highest (P &lt; 0.05) rumen pH value, ammonia-N concentration, molar proportion of the acetate and the acetate : propionate ratio was found in the goat kids fed the diet with 600 g when compared to those fed diets with 0 and 300 g mesquite pods. Beneficial dietary effects of mesquite pods on the blood metabolites and N retention of the goat kids were found in this study; therefore, the dietary inclusion of mesquite pods at 600 g/kg can be used as a feed alternative for growing goat kids.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on the performance of Black Bengal goat

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Ferdous ◽  
MJ Khan ◽  
MA Rashid ◽  
M Kamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Black Bengal Goat ◽  
Different Levels

Fifteen castrated male goats (12.97±1.46 Kg) aged between 12 and 13 months were used to study the effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Black Bengal goat under stall feeding. The feeding trial was continued for a period of 75 days where goats were supplied at the rate of 158g DM/kgW.75 /day. The animals were assigned into five dietary treatments: A (Only dal grass as sole feed), B (15% DM from concentrate + 85% DM from dal grass), C (20% DM from concentrate +80% DM from dal grass), D (25% DM from concentrate + 75% DM from dal grass), E (30% DM from concentrate + 70% DM from dal grass). Digestibility of all nutrients was gradually higher (P<0.01) from A to E. Total live weight gain of goats of group A was statistically lowest (P<0.01) than those of other groups. There was also significant difference (P<0.01) among the treatment groups E, D, C and B. Live weight was gradually increase due to gradual increase of concentrate from B to E. Nitrogen balance, carcass yield and net profit of treatment group E was highest (P<0.01) then D, C and B than A. Green grass do not fulfill the appetite and nutrient requirements as a sole feed. Concentrate supplementation is undoubtedly essential to fulfill the nutrient requirements and concentrate can be supplemented upto 30% of required DM to obtain the best result.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10789Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 40-45

scholarly journals Use of Legumes and Yeast as Novel Dietary Protein Sources in Extruded Canine Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Reilly ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas ◽  
Bruce R. Southey ◽  
Jolene M. Hoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Peanut Flour ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The popularity of plant-based protein sources has increased as consumer demand for grain-free and novel protein sources increase. Minimal research has been conducted as regards to use of legumes and yeast and their effects on acceptability and digestibility in canine diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate macronutrient apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), gastrointestinal tolerance, and fermentative end-products in extruded, canine diets. Five diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous with either garbanzo beans (GBD), green lentils (GLD), peanut flour (PFD), dried yeast (DYD), or poultry by-product meal (CON) as the primary protein sources. Ten adult, intact, female beagles (mean age: 4.2 ± 1.1 yr, mean weight: 11.9 ± 1.3 kg) were used in a replicated, 5 × 5 Latin square design with 14 d periods. Each experimental period consisted of 10 d of diet adaptation, followed by 4 d of total fecal and urine collection. A fasted, 5 ml blood sample was collected at the end of each period and analyzed for serum metabolites and complete blood count. Serum metabolites were within normal ranges and all dogs remained healthy throughout the study. Fecal quality, evaluated on a 5-point scale, was considered ideal. Macronutrient ATTD was similar among dietary treatments, with diets highly digestible (&gt;80%). Total fecal branched-chain fatty acid concentrations were highest (P &lt; 0.05) for DYD (23.4 μmol/g) than GLD (16.1 μmol/g) and PFD (16.0 μmol/g) but not different (P &gt; 0.05) than other treatments. The plant-based protein treatments had greater (P &lt; 0.05) total fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations (average 627.6 μmol/g) compared with CON (381.1 μmol/g). Fecal butyrate concentration was highest (P &lt; 0.05) for DYD than all other dietary treatments (103.9 μmol/g vs. average 46.2 μmol/g). Fecal microbial communities showed Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria as abundant phyla. There was greater β-diversity for dogs fed DYD which differed from all other diets in both weighted and unweighted UNIFRAC analyses. Inclusion of these novel, plant-based, protein sources showed no detrimental effects on nutrient digestibility or fecal characteristics and represent viable protein sources in canine diets that can produce beneficial shifts in fecal metabolites.

Effects of different levels of rapeseed cake containing high glucosinolates in steer ration on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility and the rumen microbial community

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jian Gao ◽  
Yanfeng Sun ◽  
Yu Bao ◽  
Ke Zhou ◽  
Dehuang Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Cake ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary rapeseed cake (RSC) containing high glucosinolates (GLS) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion and the rumen microbial community in steers. Eight growing steers and four rations containing RSC (GLS 226·1 μmol/g DM) at 0·00, 2·65, 5·35 and 8·00 % DM were assigned in a replicate 4 × 4 Latin square design. The results indicated that increasing RSC levels increased the ruminal concentration of thiocyanate (SCN) (P < 0·01), decreased the ruminal concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and the molar proportion of isovalerate (P < 0·05), did not affect the ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (P > 0·05), decreased the crude protein (CP) digestibility (P < 0·05) and increased the ether extract (EE) digestibility (P < 0·01). Increasing RSC levels tended to decrease the abundances of ruminal Ruminobacter amylophilus (P = 0·055) and Ruminococcus albus (P = 0·086) but did not affect methanogens, protozoa, fungi and other bacteria (P > 0·05). Increasing RSC levels in the ration did not affect the ruminal bacterial diversity (P > 0·05), but it increased the operational taxonomic units and the bacterial richness (P < 0·05) and affected the relative abundances of some bacteria at the phylum level and genus level (P < 0·05). In conclusion, RSC decreased the ruminal concentration of NH3-N and the CP digestibility, increased the EE digestibility and partly affected the ruminal bacterial community. SCN, as the metabolite of GLS, could be a major factor affecting these indices.

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