scholarly journals STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF MODERN ENGLISH COMMENCEMENT SPEECHES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (16) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
K. Shabelnyk ◽  
Y. Torhovets
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Active Audience ◽  
International Recognition ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Commencement Speeches ◽  
Main Message

This paper investigates structural features of modern English commencement speeches. In the article, the commencement speech is defined as a speech delivered at the graduation ceremony by outstanding people, who gained national or international recognition in some field (e.g. science, medicine, business or entertainment). We suggest that commencement address belongs to the entertaining-commemorating type of discourse and its main purpose is to show respect and inspire graduates, to honour the beginning of their independent life. To meet the needs of the study Nagorska’s approach to the speech structure has been adapted. The linguist distinguishes three main parts of a speech: Introductory, Basic and Final Communicative Units. The article focuses on the analysis of Introductory (ICU) and Final Communicative Units (FCU). The results of the study show that ICU starts with the greeting (formal or informal, sometimes both to avoid repetition) that is followed by the address to group or individual addressee. The speakers invariably greet and address the graduates but they may deliberately skip address to other members of the gathering. The keynote speakers tend to air gratitude but usually it appears as a reaction to active audience, their applause or excited exclamations, in that case orators deviate from the original text of their speech and spontaneously thank everybody for their warm welcome. The invariable feature of ICU of all the commencement speeches in question is the expression of honour as every speaker is genuinely grateful for the trust and opportunity to share his/her experience and inspire the younger generation. In FCU the speakers repeat the main message of the speech or challenge the students in order to leave a deep imprint on their memory and induce them to life-changing actions. They inspire graduates not to be afraid of failures and hardships, contribute to the community/country and find their true vocation.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Messages as Sign of Wisdom of Active Polish and Czech Older Learners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Fabiś ◽  
Arkadiusz Wąsiński ◽  
Oldřich Čepelka
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Older Learners ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Ethical Reflections ◽  
Main Message

Abstract The goal of the paper is to identify the message in letters written by Polish and Czech seniors. The letters were subject to qualitative analysis. The method used was the analysis of the inspired texts—letters written by older people to the younger generation, which may become a didactic tool for the younger generations to learn from the biographies of seniors. The result of the analysis is a list of categories reflecting the main aspects dominating in the letters. These categories are: message addressed to a younger generation, important events and people in individual life story, reflection upon the meaning of life and concerns and challenges in the course of life. All the seniors express their affirmation of family, share ethical reflections on their relationships with other people and on passing. Thus, the main message of the letters is a call to cherish family relationships, nurture relations with other people and show respect to others.

The active audience of the weblog format

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Jay Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Active Audience ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Audience Interaction

Through interviews and a survey, this thesis examines blog reading along several dimensions, including motivations for reading weblogs, audience interaction with the weblog format, and the use of tools to find and keep track of blogs. It proposes a typology of 'audience activity' based on the structural features of the weblog format, which includes the navigation of, contribution to, and promotion of blog content. It identifies reading behaviours, impediments to audience activities, and the ways that readers judge the credibility of blogs. This research serves to inform the design of tools that interface with the blogosphere, and it provides a foundation to help software developers to harness different types of audience activity.

Fingierte Mündlichkeit und Übersetzen

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-429
Author(s):  
Martina Nicklaus ◽  
Goranka Rocco
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Literary Narrative

Abstract This paper explores the problems related to the translation of some stilistic means in recent Italian prose, i. e. segments of orality integrated in the original literary narrative. The linguistic analysis, based on a corpus composed of two Italian novels (published in 2010 and 2012 respectively) and their French and German translations, focuses on selected lexical, syntactic and information-structural features and their translations. The first observations tend to confirm some former findings, illustrating the heterogeneity of orality-markers in the originals beside the general trend towards a more or less obvious stylistic attenuation in the target text, but there are also significant interlinguistic differences in the approach to the original text. Furthermore, the discussion of some examples demonstrates how results in linguistic research could provide precious assistance in the translation of orality – if they were accessible in specialised reference works.

scholarly journals Alliteration in the Kalevala and in the translation of the epic into Komi by Adolf Turkin

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
Nikolay Rakin
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Phonetic Features

Alliteration is one of the leading stylistic features characteristic of the Kalevala. This analysis of the translation of the Kalevala into Komi by Adolf Turkin shows that alliteration is fairly frequent in the target text. Examples of alliteration and data on the occurrences of alliteration in the translation allow the suggestion that the translator may have attempted to make use of consonant words. However, alliteration observed in the translation cannot be regarded as a characteristic phonetic factor that participates in the organisation of the text. It proves to be accidental, not structural (as it is in the original text of the Kalevala). In the translation, which has 5132 lines, alliteration is observed in 1539 lines, or nearly in one-third of the translation. In the major part of the examples weak alliteration occurs; strong alliteration is fairly rare. In the text of translation, alliteration is expressed by different word-initial sounds, the overall number of which is 28 (21 consonants and 7 vowels). It is frequent in words that begin with the consonants [k], [v], [p], [m] and [s]. Among the occurrences of strong alliteration there are cases in which a syllable or the root of the word is repeated (25% in each case). The fact that the structural features of the Komi language differ from those of the Finnish literary language (and of the language of the Kalevala) explains the limitations in the translation of such a device as alliteration. From the point of view of the differences in the phonetic features it can be noted that Komi has, for example, 33 phonemes (7 vowels and 26 consonants) while in Finnish the phonemes are less numerous: 21 (8 vowels and 13 consonants). Hence, words with the same initial consonants are fewer in Komi. As far as lexis is concerned, consonant-initial words that would make pairs of synonyms (both in the literary language and dialects) are fairly rare.

scholarly journals The active audience of the weblog format

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Jay Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Active Audience ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Audience Interaction

Through interviews and a survey, this thesis examines blog reading along several dimensions, including motivations for reading weblogs, audience interaction with the weblog format, and the use of tools to find and keep track of blogs. It proposes a typology of 'audience activity' based on the structural features of the weblog format, which includes the navigation of, contribution to, and promotion of blog content. It identifies reading behaviours, impediments to audience activities, and the ways that readers judge the credibility of blogs. This research serves to inform the design of tools that interface with the blogosphere, and it provides a foundation to help software developers to harness different types of audience activity.

Electron microscopy and diffraction studies of polyimides

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
O.C. de Hodgins ◽  
K. R. Lawless ◽  
R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Polyimide Films ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Polymeric Samples

Commercial polyimide films have shown to be homogeneous on a scale of 5 to 200 nm. The observation of Skybond (SKB) 705 and PI5878 was carried out by using a Philips 400, 120 KeV STEM. The objective was to elucidate the structural features of the polymeric samples. The specimens were spun and cured at stepped temperatures in an inert atmosphere and cooled slowly for eight hours. TEM micrographs showed heterogeneities (or nodular structures) generally on a scale of 100 nm for PI5878 and approximately 40 nm for SKB 705, present in large volume fractions of both specimens. See Figures 1 and 2. It is possible that the nodulus observed may be associated with surface effects and the structure of the polymers be regarded as random amorphous arrays. Diffraction patterns of the matrix and the nodular areas showed different amorphous ring patterns in both materials. The specimens were viewed in both bright and dark fields using a high resolution electron microscope which provided magnifications of 100,000X or more on the photographic plates if desired.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

Measurement and Reduction of Radiation Damage in Frozen Hydrated Crystalline Specimens

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Glaeser ◽  
S.B. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Structural Disorder ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Diffraction Intensity ◽  
Object Structure ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
Identical Unit

Highly ordered or crystalline biological macromolecules become severely damaged and structurally disordered after a brief electron exposure. Evidence that damage and structural disorder are occurring is clearly given by the fading and eventual disappearance of the specimen's electron diffraction pattern. The fading and disappearance of sharp diffraction spots implies a corresponding disappearance of periodic structural features in the specimen. By the same token, there is a oneto- one correspondence between the disappearance of the crystalline diffraction pattern and the disappearance of reproducible structural information that can be observed in the images of identical unit cells of the object structure. The electron exposures that result in a significant decrease in the diffraction intensity will depend somewhat upon the resolution (Bragg spacing) involved, and can vary considerably with the chemical makeup and composition of the specimen material.

Some Structural Features of Metaphase Chromosomes of Mice and Men

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
Betty B. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Of Mice And Men ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse

Metaphase chromosomes from human and mouse cells in vitro are isolated by micrurgy, fixed, and placed on grids for electron microscopy. Interpretations of electron micrographs by current methods indicate the following structural features.Chromosomal spindle fibrils about 200Å thick form fascicles about 600Å thick, wrapped by dense spiraling fibrils (DSF) less than 100Å thick as they near the kinomere. Such a fascicle joins the future daughter kinomere of each metaphase chromatid with those of adjacent non-homologous chromatids to either side. Thus, four fascicles (SF, 1-4) attach to each metaphase kinomere (K). It is thought that fascicles extend from the kinomere poleward, fray out to let chromosomal fibrils act as traction fibrils against polar fibrils, then regroup to join the adjacent kinomere.

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