scholarly journals Determination the threshold of salinity tolerance in Salicornia species using Persian Gulf water

Arid Biome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Gh Ranjbar ◽  
H Pirasteh-Anosheh
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Persian Gulf Water

scholarly journals Mesoscale eddies and submesoscale structures of Persian Gulf Water off the Omani coast in spring 2011

Ocean Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre L'Hégaret ◽  
Xavier Carton ◽  
Stephanie Louazel ◽  
Guillaume Boutin
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Mesoscale Eddies ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Strait Of Hormuz ◽  
Persian Gulf Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Sea Of Oman

Abstract. The Persian Gulf produces high-salinity water (Persian Gulf Water, PGW hereafter), which flows into the Sea of Oman via the Strait of Hormuz. Beyond the Strait of Hormuz, the PGW cascades down the continental slope and spreads in the Sea of Oman under the influence of the energetic mesoscale eddies. The PGW outflow has different thermohaline characteristics and pathways, depending on the season. In spring 2011, the Phys-Indien experiment was carried out in the Arabian Sea and in the Sea of Oman. The Phys-Indien 2011 measurements, as well as satellite observations, are used here to characterize the circulation induced by the eddy field and its impact on the PGW pathway and evolution. During the spring intermonsoon, an anticyclonic eddy is often observed at the mouth of the Sea of Oman. It creates a front between the eastern and western parts of the basin. This structure was observed in 2011 during the Phys-Indien experiment. Two energetic eddies were also present along the southern Omani coast in the Arabian Sea. At their peripheries, ribbons of freshwater and cold water were found due to the stirring created by the eddies. The PGW characteristics are strongly influenced by these eddies. In the western Sea of Oman, in 2011, the PGW was fragmented into filaments and submesoscale eddies. It also recirculated locally, thus creating salty layers with different densities. In the Arabian Sea, a highly saline submesoscale lens was recorded offshore. Its characteristics are analyzed here and possible origins are proposed. The recurrence of such lenses in the Arabian Sea is also briefly examined.

scholarly journals The structure of the Persian Gulf outflow subjected to density variations

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bidokhti ◽  
M. Ezam
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Oman Sea ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Persian Gulf Water ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Simple Dynamical Model

Abstract. Oceanographic data and a dynamic model are used to consider the structure of Persian Gulf outflow. This outflow influences the physical properties of Oman seawater which appear in the CTD profiles of the Oman Sea. The observations show that thickness of the outflow, which is banked against the Oman coasts due to the earth rotation, is about 200 m with tongues extending east and north that may be due to the internal waves. A simple dynamical model of the outflow based on potential vorticity conservation is used to find the horizontal extension of the outflow from the coast. Typical mass transport estimate by the outflow is about 0.4 Sv, which is larger than those reported by others. This may be due to the fact the model is inviscid but the outflow is influenced by the bottom friction. Variability of the outflow structure may reflect the changing ecosystem of the Persian Gulf. Any change of the outflow source, the Persian Gulf Water (PGW), say salinity increase due to excessive evaporation (climate factor) or desalination (anthropogenic factors) of the PGW may change the outflow structure and the product waters in the Oman Sea. Hence, one can test different scenarios of changing the outflow source, the Persian Gulf Water (PGW), say by salinity increase due to excessive evaporation or desalination (ecosystem factors) of the PGW to estimate changes in the outflow structure and the product waters in the Oman Sea. The results of the model show that these can increase the outflow width and mass transport substantially.

scholarly journals The life cycle of submesoscale eddies generated by topographic interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Morvan ◽  
Pierre L'Hégaret ◽  
Xavier Carton ◽  
Jonathan Gula ◽  
Clément Vic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Mesoscale Eddies ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Gulf Of Oman ◽  
Coherent Vortices ◽  
Persian Gulf Water ◽  
The Persian Gulf

Abstract. The Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water are salty and dense waters recirculating at subsurface in the Gulf of Oman and the Gulf of Aden respectively, under the influence of mesoscale eddies which dominate the surface flow in both semi-enclosed basins. In situ measurements combined with altimetry indicate that the Persian Gulf Water is driven by mesoscale eddies in the form of filaments and submesoscale structures. In this paper, we study the formation and the life cycle of intense submesoscale vortices and their impact on the spread of Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water. We use a three-dimensional hydrostatic model with submesoscale-resolving resolution to study the evolution of submesoscale vortices. Our configuration is an idealized version of the Gulf of Oman and Aden: a zonal row of mesoscale vortices interacting with north and south topographic slopes. Intense submesoscale vortices are generated in the simulations along the continental slopes due to two different mechanisms. The first mechanism is due to frictional generation of vorticity in the bottom boundary layer, which detaches from the topography, forms an unstable vorticity filament, and undergoes horizontal shear instability that leads to the formation of submesoscale coherent vortices. The second mechanism is inviscid and implies arrested topographic Rossby waves breaking and forming submesoscale coherent vortices where a mesoscale anticyclone interacts with the topographic slope. Submesoscale vortices subsequently drift away, merge and form larger vortices. They can also pair with opposite signed vortices and travel across the domain. They can weaken or disappear via several mechanisms, in particular fusion into the larger eddies or erosion on the topography. Particle patches are advected and sheared by vortices and are entrained into filaments. Their size first grows as the square root of time, a signature of the merging processes, then it increases linearly with time, corresponding to their ballistic advection by submesoscale eddies. On the contrary, witout intense submesoscale eddies, particles are mainly advected by mesoscale eddies; this implies a weaker dispersion of particles than in the previous case. This shows the important role of submesoscale eddies in spreading Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water.

Evidence for the existence of Persian Gulf Water and Red Sea Water in the Bay of Bengal

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 3207-3226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet Jain ◽  
D. Shankar ◽  
P. N. Vinayachandran ◽  
A. Kankonkar ◽  
Abhisek Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Persian Gulf Water

scholarly journals The structure of the Persian Gulf outflow subjected to density variations

Ocean Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bidokhti ◽  
M. Ezam
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Oman Sea ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Persian Gulf Water ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Simple Dynamical Model

Abstract. Oceanographic data and a dynamic model are used to consider the structure of Persian Gulf outflow. This outflow influences the physical properties of Oman seawater which appear in the CTD profiles of the Oman Sea. The observations show that thickness of the outflow, which is banked against the Oman coasts due to the earth rotation, is about 200 m with tongues extending east and north that may be due to the internal waves. A simple dynamical model of the outflow based on potential vorticity conservation is used to find the horizontal extension of the outflow from the coast. Typical mass transport estimate by the outflow is about 0.4 Sv, which is larger than those reported by others. This may be due to the fact the model is inviscid but the outflow is influenced by the bottom friction. Variability of the outflow structure may reflect the changing ecosystem of the Persian Gulf. Any change of the outflow source, the Persian Gulf Water (PGW), say salinity increase due to excessive evaporation (climate factor) or desalination (anthropogenic factors) of the PGW may change the outflow structure and the product waters in the Oman Sea. Hence, one can test different scenarios of changing the outflow source, the Persian Gulf Water (PGW), say by salinity increase due to excessive evaporation or desalination to estimate changes in the outflow structure and the product waters in the Oman Sea. The results of the model show that these can increase the outflow width and mass transport substantially.

scholarly journals Injection of Oxygenated Persian Gulf Water Into the Southern Bay of Bengal

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. F. Sheehan ◽  
Benjamin G. M. Webber ◽  
Alejandra Sanchez‐Franks ◽  
Adrian J. Matthews ◽  
Karen J. Heywood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Persian Gulf Water

scholarly journals Ventilation dynamics of the Oxygen Minimum Zone in the Arabian Sea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Schmidt ◽  
Rena Czeschel ◽  
Martin Visbeck
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Eastern Basin ◽  
Persian Gulf Water ◽  
Core Thickness ◽  
Oxygen Minimum

Abstract. Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the open ocean occur below the surface in regions of weak ventilation and high biological productivity. Very low levels of dissolved oxygen affect marine life and alter biogeochemical cycles. One of the most intense but least understood OMZs in the world is located in the Arabian Sea in a depth range between 300 to 1000 m. Within the last decades observations suggest a decreasing oxygen trend. Thus, an improved understanding of the crucial processes is necessary for a reliable assessment of the future development of the Arabian Sea OMZ. This study uses a combination of observational data as well as reanalysis velocity fields from the ocean model Hycom (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model) to explore the ventilation dynamics of the Arabian Sea OMZ. Our results show that the OMZ features a strong seasonal cycle with regional differences that is correlated with the monsoon system: In the eastern basin, the OMZ is strongest during the winter monsoon with a core thickness of 1000 m depth and oxygen values of less than 5 µmol/kg. Ventilation during that phase is dominated by Persian Gulf water, that clockwise circles the perimeter of the basin and enters the OMZ from the north. During the summer monsoon ventilation from the southeast leads to higher oxygen values indicating a reverse flow along the Indian coast in the intermediate layer compared to the southeastward surface currents. The seasonal cycle in the western basin has the same seasonality as the one in the eastern basin with a core thickness of 900 m during the winter monsoon. The oxygen supply during the summer monsoon is weaker compared to the eastern basin and correlates with the ventilation of Persian Gulf (Red Sea) water during the summer monsoon (autumn inter-monsoon) phase. As the interior exchange between the eastern and western basin is weak, the more pronounced OMZ in the eastern basin is explained by prolonged ventilation time scales. For the eastern (western) basin Persian Gulf water needs 2–3 (1–2) years and Red Sea water 7–8 (3–4) years to ventilate the OMZ.

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