scholarly journals A contribuição da fenomenologia de Husserl para pesquisa em ciências humanas

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (313) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Karen Freme Duarte Sturzenegger ◽  
Vera Fátima Dullius ◽  
Clélia Peretti
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Edith Stein ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
European Crisis ◽  
Historical Trajectory

O artigo em questão trata da relevância da fenomenologia no século XIX e início do século XX no âmbito das ciências humanas. Apresenta o conceito fenomenológico em Husserl, aspectos da trajetória histórica da construção do método fenomenológico e sua contribuição para a pesquisa. O artigo discorre sobre o contexto da crise europeia no século XIX no que tange ao conceito de ciências e a contribuição da fenomenologia diante das visões positivista, racionalista e da psicologia. Apresenta, também aspectos teóricos da fenomenologia de Martin Heidegger, Edith Stein, Max Scheler e Merleau Ponty. O artigo faz menção a crítica de Husserl à ciência e introduz a questão da intencionalidade da consciência.Abstract: The article in question deals with the relevance of phenomenology in research in the humanities. It highlights the phenomenological concept in Husserl, aspects of the historical trajectory of concept construction, as well as its contribution to the research. To this end, the article discusses the context of the European crisis in the nineteenth century with regard to the concept of science, questions the positivist, rationalist and psychology views that have just emerged. Some aspects of important theorists that deal with the concept of phenomenology from the initial assumptions of phenomenology developed by Husserl are presented, such as: Martin Heidegger, Edith Stein, Max Scheler and Merleau Ponty. The article also announces Husserl’s critique of science; introduces the question of the intentionality of consciousness.Keywords: Phenomenology; Method; Humanities.

scholarly journals On the Juridical Relevance of the Phenomenological Notion of Person in Max Scheler and Edith Stein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Galofaro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Edith Stein ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social Units

AbstractThe paper presents a semiotic interpretation of the phenomenological debate on the notion of person, focusing in particular on Edmund Husserl, Max Scheler, and Edith Stein. The semiotic interpretation lets us identify the categories that orient the debate: collective/individual and subject/object. As we will see, the phenomenological analysis of the relation between person and social units such as the community, the association, and the mass shows similarities to contemporary socio-semiotic models. The difference between community, association, and mass provides an explanation for the establishment of legal systems. The notion of person we inherit from phenomenology can also be useful in facing juridical problems raised by the use of non-human decision-makers such as machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence applications.

Emotional Ideologies

Enthusiasm ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 35-62
Author(s):  
Monique Scheer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Science Discourse ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Emotion Theory ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Emotion Concepts

Chapter 1 argues that there are two dominant strands of emotion theory in Germany in the modern period, one of “Enlightened,” one of “Romantic” character, which exist side by side and are mobilized in sometimes paradoxical ways. These heuristic categories aim to organize the vast stores of knowledge about emotions, and what implications it has for judgments about emotional practice. They are philosophical and aesthetic traditions which intertwine with emotional styles and theological orientations, and both underlie the development of psychology as a natural-science discourse in the mid-nineteenth century. By virtue of the influence of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century German philosophy and social theory, they still undergird scholarly and everyday discourse on emotions and conviction to this day, even beyond the strictly German context. This argument is built on an analysis of emotion concepts stored in German encyclopedias from the eighteenth to twenty-first centuries, which document shifts in the location of “real” emotion as well as normative stances on what “real” emotion is. Understanding the historical trajectory of knowledge about emotion more generally helps situate the analysis of debates on enthusiasm in the following chapters.

“The Nature of Harmony”

2011 ◽  
pp. 54-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Steege
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Intellectual Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Evolution ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Historical Trajectory

This article provides and introduction and translation of Riemann's “The Nature of Harmony”. The translation in this article provides an easy access to an important Riemann's own theoretical evolution, which was written at the moment when a budding psychological perspective was beginning to supersede Riemann's earlier acoustical and physiological perspective. Just as Riemann attempts to place his theoretical program within a historical trajectory, the article locates his work within the wider and broader historical and intellectual discourse of nineteenth-century physics, physiology, and psychology, highlighting the implied and overt polemics with Helmholtz and others that course through its pages.

A Scientific Reading of Levinas’ Response to Heidegger: The Redemptive Edge of Time

KronoScope ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
David Grandy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Arrow Of Time ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Heat Death

AbstractIn responding to Martin Heidegger, Emmanuel Levinas characterized time as revelatory and redemptive. For Levinas, Heideggerian being was self-contained and self-identical, and therefore unable to generate the sense of novel possibility which occasions the fleeting present. Something similar to Heideggerian Being may be said to have taken hold in the nineteenth century with the development of thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics was portrayed as the “arrow of time” moving inevitably toward universal heat death—cosmic stasis or self-identity. I argue that modern physical science itself does not fully validate this portrayal. There are, at the metaphysical level, explanatory gaps or openings which suggest other, more hopeful possibilities. These openings, I submit, are analogous to the ruptures of otherness which Levinas identified with the generosity of being and time’s redemptive aspect.

scholarly journals D’une réduction phénoménologique pratique.  Scheler, Heidegger et l’appel de la conscience1

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-180
Author(s):  
Paul Slama
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Max Scheler

Dans cet article, je souhaite comprendre comment Max Scheler et Martin Heidegger comprennent les normes sociales pour nos perceptions et nos pratiques quotidiennes, et comment ils décrivent la nécessité d’un dépassement de cette normativité au profit d’une autre, plus « personnelle » ou encore plus « authentique ». Je montre que c’est un appel de la conscience qui rompt la normativité sociale, et qui engage l’être humain à ne plus agir mécaniquement, mais à vivre librement. Cette rupture avec la normativité sociale est une réduction phénoménologique que nous appelons « réduction éthique ». Tout l’enjeu de l’article est de montrer qu’une telle réduction repose en fait sur les normativités sociales en tant qu’elles sont le critère de l’appel, le milieu où un tel appel est possible. De ce point de vue, le sujet réflexif demeure un sujet social.

scholarly journals Statistics, Classification, and the Standardisation of Melancholia

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-171
Author(s):  
Åsa Jansson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Physiological Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Disease Category ◽  
Mental Pain ◽  
Administrative Framework ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Historical Trajectory

Abstract This chapter situates melancholia in the context of the administrative framework that was constructed in British asylum medicine from the 1840s onward. In the last quarter of the century, the interaction between administrative and statistical practices and a theoretical framework based on physiological psychology, produced melancholia as an increasingly standardised disease category with a clear symptomatology. This thematic chapter maps in detail the historical trajectory of what emerged as the main features of biomedical melancholia in the late nineteenth century: mental pain, depression, religious delusions, and suicidal tendencies. The chapter demonstrates the different and complex historical roots of these symptom categories, showing that they were made into features of melancholia in very different ways, none of which were inevitable or straightforward.

The Continental Cultural Tradition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf H.A. Rushdy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Soren Kierkegaard ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Max Scheler

This chapter argues that Continental existentialist philosophers of the nineteenth century—especially Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Max Scheler—developed another model of resentment as an emotion that was less focused on its possibly stimulating the desire for justice and more focused on self-involved spitefulness, envy, and rancor. In this philosophical tradition, philosophers who were both explicitly Christian and emphatically anti-Christian in their outlook examined resentment as a brooding antisocial passion whose origins they variously traced to the post-Napoleonic world, the first Abrahamic faith, or humanist Europe. Implied in their models of resentment is that it is a cultural and collective malaise.

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