scholarly journals The evolution of Hollywood's representation of Arabs before 9/11: the relationship between political events and the notion of 'Otherness'

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Arti
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
American Power ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Stereotypical Image ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Middle Easterners

This article will deliberate on the political motives behind the stereotypical image of Arabs in Hollywood in the period before 9/11. Hollywood has always played a propagandist as well as a limitative role for the American imperial project, especially, in the Middle East. This study suggests that the evolution of this representation has been profoundly influenced by political events such as the creation of Israel, the Iranian Islamic revolution and the demise of the Soviet Union. Hollywood’s presentation of Arabs through a distinctive lens allows America, through Hollywood, to present the Middle East as ‘alien’ and so helps to make it an acceptable area for the exercise of American power. The interpretations of Hollywood’s representation of Middle Easterners involve different, often contradictory, types of image. They also suggest that the intensification of the Arabs’ stereotypical image over the last century from ‘comic villains’ to ‘foreign devils’ did not occur in a vacuum but, certainly, with the intertwinement of both political and cultural interests in the region. It is believed that this was motivated indirectly by U.S imperial objectives.

KYRGYZ - US RELATIONS AFTER 1991

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Kaniet Zhamilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
The Relationship

This work is dedicated to learn about the Kyrgyz - US relationships after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The paper analyzed the political and economic relationships between two independent countries after 1991. This work is identified the three steps of the development of bilateral relationships, analyzed how the cooperation changes during the different president administrations and how do external and internal problems affected on it. It has also identified that the relationship between the United States and Kyrgyzstan in political and economic sphere was different as far as presidents were different. So, every president had their own ideas, provisions, strategies and priorities based on their awareness and knowledge of politics and international relations.

The Security Council Resolution of November 22, 1967—Its Legal Nature and Implications

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Shapira
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The United Nations

More than a year has passed since the Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 242 on November 22, 1967, concerning the “grave situation in the Middle East”. On the basis of this resolution, the Secretary-General of the United Nations designated Ambassador Gunnar Jarring as a Special Representative “to proceed to the Middle East to establish and maintain contacts with the States concerned in order to promote agreement and assist efforts to achieve a peaceful and accepted settlement…” It is not proposed here to analyze all the political and diplomatic aspects of the Resolution or its practical prospects to bring about peace in the Middle East. Nor is it proposed to advance any particular interpretation of its substantive contents or to assess its merits and shortcomings. The sole purpose of this article is to examine the legal nature and implications of the Resolution within the framework of the United Nations Charter.Intellectual curiosity and academic research are not the only motivations for this legal inquiry. Sceptics of the political relevance of such “theoretical” inquiry need only obtain the November 24, 1968 issue of Pravda, the mouthpiece of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

China's Vietnam War and its Consequences

1979 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 740-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tretiak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Military Modernization ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
The Relationship

The Sino-Vietnam War of February–March 1979 marked the culmination of months of strained relations between the two neighbouring communist states. (This article explores Chinese foreign policy as it evolved before, during and after the conflict) My underlying thesis is that China's original goals were both political and military, relating to the definition and strengthening of China's role in regional (e.g. Indo-Chinese and South-east Asian) international politics, as well as China's perceived role in the global relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States. Because the conflict's military goals were not fully attained, the political goals were also not met, affecting not only the relationship between various Chinese leadership factions and their views about China's economic development plans, but also the importance of military modernization costs as part of the “four modernizations” and even China's alignment vis-à-vis the Soviet Union and the United States. I shall first describe the prelude to the war.

Moscow and Tokyo: An Uneasy Peace

1985 ◽  
Vol 481 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROSHI KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines why Soviet-Japanese relations since 1945 have been so poor at the political, economic, and military levels. It first analyzes recent changes in Moscow's foreign policy toward Japan and then looks at the major determinants shaping this policy. Kimura assesses recent Soviet policy and concludes that the Soviet Union has few diplomatic options open to improve the Soviet-Japanese relationship. Soviet diplomacy in the past has been heavy-handed, clumsy, and inflexible, especially as regards the so-called Northern Territories. Soviet attitudes must evidence greater flexibility and a willingness to negotiate before the relationship can be significantly improved.

scholarly journals Argentine Left Parties and the 1967 Six-Day War through the Prism of Global Networks and South-South Connections

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 15-41
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Jozami
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Us Imperialism ◽  
The Soviet Union

The June 1967 war between Israel and the armies of Egypt, Syria and Jordan had an important impact on the Argentine left, which sided with the Arab countries. The Communist Party of Argentina (PCA), which had a significant influence on the Jewish community, defended the policy of the Soviet Union, while Política Obrera (PO) and the Revolutionary Workers’ Party (PRT), two Trotskyist currents, were critical of the Soviet policy and saw in the political process of the Middle East an ongoing national revolution that could develop into a socialist revolution. Even though the three parties openly repudiated anti-Semitism and denounced the calls to expel the Jewish population from Israel/Palestine, they were not exempt of the use of anti-Semitic (and Orientalist) tropes. They described Israel as a mere ‘pawn of US Imperialism’ devoid of agency and, with the exception of the PCA, ignored the existence of the Palestinians as a distinct national group. The debate of the Israel/Palestine question at the Tricontinental Conference held in Havana in 1966 influenced the left as a whole, and seems to have informed the positions of PO, organization that became the first Marxist party in the world to have called for the political destruction of the State of Israel, which was to have been carried out by the revolutionary alliance of the Arab and Jewish masses of the Middle East. Both the PCA and PRT defended Israel’s right to exist instead.

scholarly journals Mongolian-Russian political relations :

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Nyamdoljin Adiya
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The author has been studied modern Mongolian-Russian political relations since the beginning of the 1990s when the world political situation changed dramatically and the Soviet Union collapsed. Mongolian-Russian relations during the transition to democracy and market economy were analyzed on the basis of agreements between two countries. The weakening of Mongolian-Russian relations in the 1990s is a step-by-step analysis of the political and economic situation in the two countries, the processes and changes in foreign policy, and the factors that hindered the proper development of relations. The author traces the revival of Mongolian-Russian relations in 2000 and the relationship between the two countries, which has reached the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership, does not reflect the level of Russia's policy towards Mongolia. Монгол-Оросын улс төрийн харилцаа: Монголын эдийн засаг ба төмөр замын хөгжилд нөлөөлөх нь Хураангуй: Монгол-Оросын орчин цагийн улс төрийн харилцааг дэлхийн улс төрийн байдалд гарсан огцом өөрчлөлт болон ЗХУ задарсан XX зууны 90-ээд оны эхэн үеэс эхлэн судалж,  ардчилал, зах зээлийн эдийн засагт шилжих шилжилтийн үед Монгол-Оросын харилцааг хоёр орны хооронд байгуулагдсан гэрээ, хэлэлцээрийг үндэслэн судлан шинжиллээ. 90-ээд онуудад Монгол-Оросын  харилцаа сулран саарсан асуудлыг хоёр орны улс төр, эдийн засгийн байдал, гадаад бодлогод холбогдох үйл явц, өөрчлөлтийг үе шаттайгаар задлан үзэж, харилцааг зохих түвшинд хөгжүүлэхэд саад болсон хүчин зүйлүүдийг илрүүлэн судалсан болно. Монгол-Оросын харилцаа сэргэсэн үеийг 2000 оноор зааглан авч үзэж, эдүгээ иж бүрэн стратегийн түншлэлийн түвшинд хүрээд байгаа хоёр орны харилцаа, тус түвшинг илэрхийлэх хэмжээнд хүрэхгүй байгааг ОХУ-ын Монголын талаарх баримталж ирсэн бодлого хэр оновчтой байсан ба алдаа нь юунд байсныг судлахыг зорив. Түлхүүр үгс: Монгол, Оросын харилцаа, улс төр, эдийн засгийн харилцаа, ашиг сонирхол

Bolshevism, Patriarchy, and the Nation: The Soviet “Emancipation” of Muslim Women in Pan-Islamic Perspective

Slavic Review ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Edgar
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
The Political ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Gender Policies

In this essay, Adrienne Edgar compares Soviet policies toward Central Asian women in the interwar period with gender policies in two other types of Muslim societies—those ruled by European colonizers and those governed by indigenous national elites. She argues that the Soviet “emancipation” of Muslim women in the 1920s and 1930s had little in common with the policies of French and British colonial rulers. Instead, it resembled much more closely the gender reforms of the neighboring independent Muslim states of Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan. In these Muslim states, as in the Soviet Union, the drive for female emancipation was part of an attempt to create a modern, homogeneous, and mobilized population. Because many Central Asians perceived the Soviet state as fundamentally alien, however, the political dynamic that emerged in response to Soviet gender reforms resembled the situation in the colonized Middle East, where feminism and nationalism came to be seen as mutually antagonistic.

Translation and Transformation: English-Language Children's Literature in (Soviet) Russian Guise

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Inggs
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
English Language ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Socialist Realism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Philosophy Of Action ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Soviet Russia

This article investigates the perceived image of English-language children's literature in Soviet Russia. Framed by Even-Zohar's polysystem theory and Bourdieu's philosophy of action, the discussion takes into account the ideological constraints of the practice of translation and the manipulation of texts. Several factors involved in creating the perceived character of a body of literature are identified, such as the requirements of socialist realism, publishing practices in the Soviet Union, the tradition of free translation and accessibility in the translation of children's literature. This study explores these factors and, with reference to selected examples, illustrates how the political and sociological climate of translation in the Soviet Union influenced the translation practices and the field of translated children's literature, creating a particular image of English-language children's literature in (Soviet) Russia.

scholarly journals The All-Buryat Congress for the Spiritual Rebirth and Consolidation of the Nation: Siberian politics in the final year of the USSR

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Melissa Chakars
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
The Political ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
People's Party ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
General Goals

This article examines the All-Buryat Congress for the Spiritual Rebirth and Consolidation of the Nation that was held in the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in February 1991. The congress met to discuss the future of the Buryats, a Mongolian people who live in southeastern Siberia, and to decide on what actions should be taken for the revival, development, and maintenance of their culture. Widespread elections were carried out in the Buryat lands in advance of the congress and voters selected 592 delegates. Delegates also came from other parts of the Soviet Union, as well as from Mongolia and China. Government administrators, Communist Party officials, members of new political parties like the Buryat-Mongolian People’s Party, and non-affiliated individuals shared their ideas and political agendas. Although the congress came to some agreement on the general goals of promoting Buryat traditions, language, religions, and culture, there were disagreements about several of the political and territorial questions. For example, although some delegates hoped for the creation of a larger Buryat territory that would encompass all of Siberia’s Buryats within a future Russian state, others disagreed revealing the tension between the desire to promote ethnic identity and the practical need to consider economic and political issues.

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