Mental Imagery Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Conroy ◽  
Martin S Hagger
Keyword(s):  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis

This review provided a quantitative synthesis of the effectiveness of mental imagery interventions in health behaviour and tested key moderator effects. Thirty-three independent data sets were eligible for inclusion. Mental imagery interventions led to non-trivial, small averaged corrected effect sizes of imagery interventions on post-intervention behaviour (d+ = 0.23) and on psychological predictors of behavior (d+ = 0.08-0.19) and a small-to-medium sized on post-intervention physiological measures (d+ = 0.29). Moderation effects are also reported. Results support effects of mental imagery interventions on health behaviours, identifies the conditions where they may be more effective, and points to how future imagery interventions might be optimized.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relation Between Engagement and Achievement in Early Childhood Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 027112142110327
Author(s):  
Esther R. Lindström ◽  
Jason C. Chow ◽  
Kathleen N. Zimmerman ◽  
Hongyang Zhao ◽  
Elise Settanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Early Childhood Research

Engagement in early childhood has been linked with later achievement, but the relation between these variables and how they are measured in early childhood requires examination. We estimated the overall association between academic engagement and achievement in children prior to kindergarten entry. Our systematic literature search yielded 13,521 reports for structured eligibility screening; from this pool of studies, we identified 21 unique data sets, with 199 effect sizes for analysis. We coded eligible studies, extracted effect sizes, accounted for effect size dependency, and used random-effects models to synthesize findings. The overall correlation between academic engagement and achievement was r = .24 (range: −.08 to −.71), and moderator analyses did not significantly predict the relation between the two constructs. This study aligns with previous research on this topic and examines issues related to these measures, their constraints, and applications as they pertain to early childhood research.

scholarly journals Mental health in relation to changes in sleep, exercise, alcohol and diet during the COVID-19 pandemic: examination of four UK cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aase Villadsen ◽  
Praveetha Patalay ◽  
David Bann
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Anxiety Depression

AbstractBackgroundResponses to the COVID-19 pandemic have included lockdowns and social distancing with considerable disruptions to people’s lives. These changes may have particularly impacted on those with mental health problems, leading to a worsening of inequalities in the behaviours which influence health.MethodsWe used data from four national longitudinal British cohort studies (N=10,666). Respondents reported mental health (psychological distress and anxiety/depression symptoms) and health behaviours (alcohol, diet, physical activity, and sleep) before and during the pandemic. Associations between pre-pandemic mental ill-health and pandemic mental ill-health and health behaviours were examined using logistic regression; pooled effects were estimated using meta-analysis.ResultsWorse mental health was related to adverse health behaviours; effect sizes were largest for sleep, exercise and diet, and weaker for alcohol. The associations between poor mental health and adverse health behaviours were larger during the May lockdown than pre-pandemic. In September, when restrictions had eased, inequalities had largely reverted to pre-pandemic levels. A notable exception was for sleep, where differences by mental health status remained high. Risk differences for adverse sleep for those with the highest level of prior mental ill-health compared to those with the lowest, were 21.2% (95% CI: 16.2, 26.2) before lockdown, 25.5% (20.0, 30.3) in May, and 28.2% (21.2, 35.2) in September.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings suggest that mental health is an increasingly important factor in health behaviour inequality in the COVID era. The promotion of mental health may thus be an important component of improving post-COVID population health.

scholarly journals How Much Does Education Improve Intelligence? A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1358-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Ritchie ◽  
Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Designs ◽  
Intelligence Test Scores ◽  
Schooling Policy

Intelligence test scores and educational duration are positively correlated. This correlation could be interpreted in two ways: Students with greater propensity for intelligence go on to complete more education, or a longer education increases intelligence. We meta-analyzed three categories of quasiexperimental studies of educational effects on intelligence: those estimating education-intelligence associations after controlling for earlier intelligence, those using compulsory schooling policy changes as instrumental variables, and those using regression-discontinuity designs on school-entry age cutoffs. Across 142 effect sizes from 42 data sets involving over 600,000 participants, we found consistent evidence for beneficial effects of education on cognitive abilities of approximately 1 to 5 IQ points for an additional year of education. Moderator analyses indicated that the effects persisted across the life span and were present on all broad categories of cognitive ability studied. Education appears to be the most consistent, robust, and durable method yet to be identified for raising intelligence.

scholarly journals Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Physical Fitness in Amateur and Professional Volleyball: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
Antonio García-de-Alcaraz ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Jason Moran ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Evidence Database ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
And Control

We aimed to examine the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on measures of physical fitness in amateur and professional volleyball players. A systematic electronic literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Controlled studies including pre-to-post intervention tests of physical fitness and involving healthy volleyball players regardless of age and sex were considered. A random-effects model was used to calculate effect sizes (ES) between intervention and control groups. Moderator analyses considered programme duration, training frequency, total number of training sessions and jumps, participants' sex, age, and expertise level. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Eighteen moderate-to-high quality (median of 5 PEDro points) studies were eligible, comprising a total of 746 athletes. None of the included studies reported injuries related to the PJT intervention. The main findings showed small-to-moderate effects (p < 0.05) of PJT on linear sprint speed (ES = 0.70), squat jump (ES = 0.56), countermovement jump (CMJ) (ES = 0.80), CMJ with arm swing (ES = 0.63), drop jump (ES = 0.81), and spike jump height (ES = 0.84). Sub-analyses of moderator factors included 48 data sets. Only age had a significant effect on CMJ performance. Participants aged ≥16 years achieved greater improvements in CMJ performance compared to <16 years old (ES = 1.28 and 0.38, respectively; p = 0.022). No significant differences (p = 0.422) were identified between amateur (ES = 0.62) and professional volleyball players (ES = 1.01). In conclusion, PJT seems safe and is effective in improving measures of physical fitness in amateur and professional volleyball players, considering studies performed in both male and female.

Meta-Analysis on Interventions for Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 152483801988173
Author(s):  
Elisa Romano ◽  
Kelly Weegar ◽  
Elena Gallitto ◽  
Sarah Zak ◽  
Michael Saini
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Post Intervention

Several reviews have been conducted on children’s outcomes following exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), but there remain inconsistent findings. We conducted a meta-analysis on child emotional and behavioral outcomes of IPV exposure interventions, based on published reviews that included a child component. We also explored relative effect sizes by examining moderators of the effect sizes across studies. This meta-analysis included 21 evaluation studies across 12 published reviews, which were located using a multiple database systematic search of English publications between 2000 and 2019. Studies were required to evaluate IPV interventions that included children, to gather quantitative pre- and post-intervention data on child outcomes, to use standardized instruments, and to present data in a format that could be used in a meta-analysis. Results indicated an overall pre- to post-intervention medium effect size ( d = 0.49), with effect sizes ranging from small to large depending on the specific outcome. Improvements at follow-up were maintained for internalizing behaviors but decreased for trauma-related symptoms and social, externalizing, and total behaviors. However, externalizing and total behavior outcomes still had significant effect sizes in the small-to-medium range ( d = 0.36 and 0.44). There were greater intervention effects when treatment was not exclusively trauma-specific. It appears that IPV exposure interventions are generally effective for improving children’s emotional and behavioral well-being, although interventions would benefit from greater tailoring to children’s specific needs. Interventions may also benefit from incorporating various content areas (both trauma-specific and non-trauma-specific) and from greater focus on ensuring the maintenance of treatment gains.

The Instrument for Stress-Oriented Task Analysis (ISTA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Patrick Irmer ◽  
Marcel Kern ◽  
Karin Schermelleh-Engel ◽  
Norbert K. Semmer ◽  
Dieter Zapf
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Psychological Strain

Abstract. The Instrument for Stress-Oriented Task Analysis (ISTA, Instrument zur stressbezogenen Taetigkeitsanalyse) is a German, action–theory-based instrument to measure stressors and resources in the workplace. In order to examine the psychometric properties of the ISTA variables, we conducted a meta-analysis using the job demands–resources (JD-R) model for construct validation of the instrument. The meta-analysis consisted of a maximum of 58 independent data sets in 51 studies, of which 26 have been published. Based on 565 individual means and standard deviations, 506 reliabilities, and 4,730 correlation coefficients, meta-analytical information was computed. Overall, the instrument showed good psychometric properties: The scale means were close to the theoretical mean of the scales and reliabilities were acceptable to good. The validation hypotheses were examined by analyzing the correlations of ISTA variables (stressors and resources) with psychological strain and well-being. Our hypotheses were largely supported by the data: Stressors were positively related to strain and mostly negatively related to well-being, while resources were mostly positively related to well-being and partly negatively related to strain. Moderation analyses revealed that the two versions of the ISTA, the publication status, the proportion of women, and the industrial sector of the samples had little systematic impact on the means and reliabilities of most ISTA scales as well as on correlations between ISTA scales and of ISTA scales with scales measuring psychological strain and well-being.

Predicting behavioral intentions to prevent or mitigate COVID-19: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Fischer ◽  
Johannes Alfons Karl
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Strength Of Association

We examined the effectiveness of attitudes, social norms and perceived behavioral control on behavioral intentions and behaviors that prevent and mitigate COVID-19 infections and collateral negative consequences. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis with 29 effect sizes from 19 studies involving data from 11 countries (N = 15,328). We found strongest effects for perceived behavioral control, but also moderately strong effects of social norms. This is practically important in a pandemic environment because social norms in other health contexts typically show negligible effects and advice based on non-pandemic contexts may be misguided. Examining moderator effects, we are the first to demonstrate that in contexts with strong endorsement of social norms, norm-behavior effects were strengthened. Focusing on societal level differences, both wealth and individualism increased the strength of association between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intentions. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of the findings for behavior change and public health interventions.

scholarly journals Compensatory Interventions for Cognitive Impairments in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Allott ◽  
Kristi van-der-EL ◽  
Shayden Bryce ◽  
Emma M Parrish ◽  
Susan R McGurk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Psychosocial Disability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective Cognitive compensatory interventions aim to alleviate psychosocial disability by targeting functioning directly using aids and strategies, thereby minimizing the impact of cognitive impairment. The aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive compensatory interventions for psychosis by examining the effects on functioning and symptoms, and exploring whether intervention factors, study design, and age influenced effect sizes. Methods Electronic databases (Ovid Medline, PsychINFO) were searched up to October 2018. Records obtained through electronic and manual searches were screened independently by two reviewers according to selection criteria. Data were extracted to calculate estimated effects (Hedge’s g) of treatment on functioning and symptoms at post-intervention and follow-up. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Results Twenty-six studies, from 25 independent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis (1654 participants, mean age = 38.9 years, 64% male). Meta-analysis revealed a medium effect of compensatory interventions on functioning compared to control conditions (Hedge’s g = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.33, 0.60, P < .001), with evidence of relative durability at follow-up (Hedge’s g = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.54, P < .001). Analysis also revealed small significant effects of cognitive compensatory treatment on negative, positive, and general psychiatric symptoms, but not depressive symptoms. Estimated effects did not significantly vary according to treatment factors (ie, compensatory approach, dosage), delivery method (ie, individual/group), age, or risk of bias. Longer treatment length was associated with larger effect sizes for functioning outcomes. No evidence of publication bias was identified. Conclusion Cognitive compensatory interventions are associated with robust, durable improvements in functioning in people with psychotic illnesses.

scholarly journals Network meta-analysis: application and practice using R software

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Ryul Shim ◽  
Seong-Jang Kim ◽  
Jonghoo Lee ◽  
Gerta Rücker
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
R Software ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
R Packages ◽  
Meta Analyses

The objective of this study is to describe the general approaches to network meta-analysis that are available for quantitative data synthesis using R software. We conducted a network meta-analysis using two approaches: Bayesian and frequentist methods. The corresponding R packages were “gemtc” for the Bayesian approach and “netmeta” for the frequentist approach. In estimating a network meta-analysis model using a Bayesian framework, the “rjags” package is a common tool. “rjags” implements Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with a graphical output. The estimated overall effect sizes, test for heterogeneity, moderator effects, and publication bias were reported using R software. The authors focus on two flexible models, Bayesian and frequentist, to determine overall effect sizes in network meta-analysis. This study focused on the practical methods of network meta-analysis rather than theoretical concepts, making the material easy to understand for Korean researchers who did not major in statistics. The authors hope that this study will help many Korean researchers to perform network meta-analyses and conduct related research more easily with R software.

scholarly journals Abdominal Adiposity Distribution in Diabetic/Prediabetic and Nondiabetic Populations: A Meta-Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane J. Lee ◽  
S. Natasha Beretvas ◽  
Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Subcutaneous Adiposity

Excess fat in the abdomen can be classified generally as visceral and subcutaneous adiposity. Evidence suggests that visceral adiposity has greater implications for diabetes than other fat depots. The purpose of this study is to explore the disparities in the distribution of abdominal adiposity in diabetic/prediabetic and nondiabetic populations and to identify moderators that influence the pattern of central obesity via a meta-analysis technique. The Hedges’gwas used as a measure of effect size and 95% confidence interval was computed. A total of 41 relevant studies with 101 effect sizes were retrieved. Pooled effect sizes for visceral and subcutaneous adiposity were 0.69 and 0.42, respectively. Diabetic/prediabetic populations exhibited greater visceral and subcutaneous adiposity compared to nondiabetic populations (Z=10.35,P<0.05). Significant moderator effects of gender (Z=-2.90) and assessment method of abdominal adiposity (Z=-2.17) were found for visceral fat (P<0.05), but not for subcutaneous fat. Type of health condition influenced both visceral (Z=-5.10) and subcutaneous (Z=-7.09) abdominal adiposity volumes (P<0.05). Abdominal adiposity distributions were significantly altered in the diabetic/prediabetic population compared to the nondiabetic population. Gender, assessment method of abdominal adiposity, and type of health conditions (diabetic/prediabetics) were identified as crucial moderators that influence the degree of abdominal adiposity.

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