Entrepreneurial organizing activities and nascent venture performance

This research provides an improved understanding of how ventures successfully organize via resource allocations. Conceptually, we apply elements of action theory to account for resource trade-offs that occur as entrepreneurs make decisions about adding staff members to boundary spanning, technical core, and management functions. We then model how these allocation decisions differentially impact nascent venture performance. Empirically, we test our model with a sample of 2484 entrepreneurs captured in the Kauffman Firm Survey, a longitudinal dataset that tracks a random sample of US startups over an 8-year period. Results from dynamic panel estimation reveal evidence of both performance penalties and performance boosts as the result of entrepreneurs adding staff to specific areas, revealing optimality in specific configurations of entrepreneurial organizing elements.

Understanding citizen health protocol behavioral intention: The mediation role of perceived risk

Amid the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus, there are still many people who do not comply with health protocols, so this condition has prompted the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Health to create a #changeusirwabah campaign with a risk communication approach. This study aims to determine what and to what extent the factors in the campaign can change people's behavior to live a healthy life based on the Health Belief Model and TRA (Theory of Reasoned Action) theory. This study uses a quantitative research approach with regression analysis techniques carried out by taking 170 samples of people in DKI Jakarta who are aware of the Change Banish Outbreak campaign. The role of mediation in this study is an exciting research finding. The perceived risk variable used as a communication approach by the Ministry of Health has a vital role in encouraging the influence of campaign messages on behavioral intention. The results in this study can be used as guidelines for an institution to change public health behavior through health campaigns using a risk approach.

An Analysis of Tourist's Behavioural Intention in the Digital Era: Using a Modified Model of the Reasoned Action Theory

Destination management organisations currently operate in an environment where online media greatly influences travellers' decision-making. In this digital environment, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) is considered an important source of information affecting tourist's behaviour and destination image formation. Destination image is also recognised as major element influencing holiday destination choice, intention to revisit a destination and the willingness to recommend it to others. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) in turn, offers a relevant conceptual framework to analyse tourists’ behaviour. This paper aims to (1) incorporate eWOM and destination image as exogenous variables into the TRA model, then evaluate the ability of this extension to predict tourists’ behavioural intention (2) examine both eWOM and destination image impact on intention to visit an emerging destination (3) inspect eWOM role in destination image formation (4) evaluate the ability of the TRA’s core constructs (i.e., attitude and subjective norms) to predict intention. A quantitative approach based on structural equation modelling conducted this study in order to test the extended model, by analysing data collected from 234 potential foreign tourists, selected using a convenience sampling method. Results revealed that the extended model had a good predictive ability for tourists’ intentions to visit an emerging destination. Besides, attitude, subjective norms and destination image were significant predictors of visit intention, and eWOM significantly influenced the image. The study outcomes may help to develop a more efficient and successful tourism marketing strategy.

Russian and International Experience of Working with Personality Developing Inquiry

Introduction. Response to challenges of actual mass demand for personalisation of education is not feasible without specification of idea, models and mechanisms of usage of “learning inquiry”, which are determined by regional, cultural, social, and historical specifics of society. Relevance of the research is based on the necessity to clarify the term “learning inquiry” to facilitate practical implementation of mechanisms of personal educational logistic realised in digital environment. The article’s objective is to present results of analysis of local and international interpretations of the term “learning inquiry” (or its equivalent) as well as practices of its formation and usage. Materials and Methods. Local and global practices (formalised education, family education, “alternative” education) have been analysed with a searching depth of 5-8 years. Searching requests: educational inquiry, personal(sized) learning inquiry, personalized education, personalized learning, student-initiated learning, selflearning, etc. The following concepts have been reviewed: subjectivity, individualisation, personalization, personification, choice theories by D. Leontiev, intermediate action theory by B. Elkonin, theory of complicated systems and personality by K. Rogers, field theory by K. Levin, concept of deep knowledge by K. Duek, etc.; models and practices of active learning based on subjective position of a student. Results. Specifics of terminology related to personalized education are determined and described. A preterm “learning request” has been introduced via system of basic principles of creation of “learning inquiry” model. It has been shown that “learning inquiry” is realized via various educational institutions. In digital environment “learning inquiry” becomes a trigger for transformation towards educational logistic. Discussion and Conclusion. Research results contribute to development of practices of construction of position by participants of educational activity, to practices of work with learning inquiry, to enable to develop mechanisms of transformation towards personal educational logistic and, therefore, to facilitate readiness of educational systems to realisation of personalized education.

The Value of Autonomous Knowledge

How does satisfying the epistemic autonomy condition on propositional knowledge add value to an otherwise unknown belief (including a justified, true, non-Gettiered but epistemically heteronomous belief)? This question isn’t some kind of afterthought. As work on the value of knowledge would suggest, lacking a good answer here actually counts as a mark against the adequacy of the JTAB+X template account. Several strategies are canvassed for attempting to vindicate the idea that epistemic autonomy adds value to an otherwise unknown justified, true non-Gettiered belief. Pragmatic and instrumentalist arguments are considered and shown to fail. A variation on a recent non-instrumentalist argument strategy is given special attention, but it also is shown to come up short. Finally, and by cobbling together some new twists on some ideas in value theory and action theory, I outline an answer that works. Key to the answer I defend is that knowledge makes us the knowers we are in a way that equally justified and anti-Gettiered true beliefs that lack epistemic autonomy do not and cannot.

Agency and Moral Psychology

This chapter articulates a view of Buddhist agency grounded in the theory of dependent origination. It addresses the Augustinian concepts of caused and uncaused actions. It argues that Buddhist conception of agency and moral evaluation are not grounded in this Western theory of freedom of the will, but of participation in a web of dependent origination, resulting in a deterministic action theory. The chapter explores the implications of this determinism, and the problems that arise from it. Also discussed is the distinction between the self and a person, the concept of twofold self-grasping and the duality it creates

Explaining cheating in schools with Situational Action Theory: Within-estimations using a German school panel

Wikström's Situational Action Theory (SAT) explains rule-breaking by reference to the cognitive perception-choice process, which indicates how a person's propensity to break rules interacts with the setting's criminogeneity. SAT's situational model claims that the interaction between personal morality and the moral norms of the setting, the so-called moral filter, is critical in the explanation of rule-breaking, and that the influence of self-control is subordinate to this process. Self-control becomes relevant when individuals whose personal morality discourages rule-breaking are exposed to settings in which the moral norms encourage rule-breaking, that is, if the moral filter is conflicted. Whereas most previous studies have equated the moral filter with personal morality, we consider the moral norms of the setting as well. This allows for a more rigorous test of the moral filter, and thus the conditionality of self-control. Here, we investigate student cheating, using data from two waves of a large-scale German school panel study, and we conceptualise the setting's moral norms by reference to the descriptive norm: other students’ cheating behaviour. This ensures the spatio-linkage between the setting's criminogeneity and rule-breaking, which is necessary for investigating SAT. Additionally, our estimation strategy – person and school fixed-effect models – controls for alternative explanations by the selection of people into settings with different levels of criminogeneity. Moreover, it controls for heterogeneity across persons and schools. The findings are in line with SAT's predictions. In cases of a correspondence between personal morality and the moral norms of a setting, students with rule-abiding morality are least likely to cheat, whereas students with a rule-breaking morality are the most likely to cheat. Also, in line with SAT, self-control only matters for students with rule-abiding morality when they are exposed to moral norms that encourage rule-breaking.

Willingness of the owners in the integrated development to establish the subsidiary management corporation

PurposeThe increasing number of strata property in Malaysia promotes the different usages of development under the integrated development, which comprise the different usages of owner groups. These owner groups may not enjoy all the common properties in the integrated development. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the important to designate the limited common property for the owners who have the exclusive benefit on it. However, the establishment of the subsidiary management corporation and limited common property is less popular in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachHence, research should be carried out to identify the importance of the establishment of the subsidiary management corporation and enhancement for the establishment of subsidiary management corporation to increase the willingness of the owner to establish the subsidiary management corporation. Collective Action Theory likewise assists to increase the willingness of the owner in the establishment of the subsidiary management corporation. A sum of 100 owners in the integrated development and 187 stratified property professionals are the respondents in this research, by applying the random sampling method.FindingsResults indicate the problems that occur in the integrated development is the complexity management in integrated development, followed by the usages of the common property. Therefore, Collective Action Theory could ensure the effectiveness of the establishment of the subsidiary management corporation in the aspect of social rights, resources, governance groups and participants.Originality/valueThis paper provided an overview of the management circumstance in the integrated development of Malaysia and discussed some effective enhancements to promote the sustainable formation of the subsidiary management corporation or two-tier management corporations.