scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kandang dan Mikoriza terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Pre-Nursery

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Yan Hariadi Lubis ◽  
Ellen Lumisar Panggabean ◽  
Azhari Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

<h1>In the Indonesian economy, the oil palm commodity plays a pretty bright role because it serves as a source of foreign exchange. The need to develop technology in producing superior seeds. In this study discuss about the Influence of Giving Fertilizer and Mikoriza Against the Growth of Palm Oil Plants (Elaeis guineensis jacq.) In Pre-Nursery Nursery. This study aims to determine the effect of manure and mycorrhizal fertilization as well as its interaction on the growth of coconut plants in pre-nursery nurseries. The study was designed by Factorial Randomized Block Design consisting of 2 treatment factors. The first factor of treatment of manure (K) consisting of 4 levels, namely: K0 = 0 kg / polybag, K1 = 0.15 kg / polybag, K2 = 0.30 kg / polybag, and K3 = 0.45 kg/polybag. The second factor of mycorrhizal treatment (M) consisting of 4 levels, namely: M1 = 12.5 g/polybag, M2 = 25.0 g/polybag, M3 = 37.5 g / polybag. The results showed that the treatment of cow manure up to 0.45 kg/polybag can increase the height of seedlings, stem diameter, total leaf area, wet weight of seedlings and dry weight of seedlings, but did not affect the number of oil palm seedlings.Mikoriza treatment up to 37, 5 g / polybags can increase seed height, stem diameter, total leaf area, wet weight of seedlings and dry weight of seedlings, but have no significant effect on the number of oil palm seedlings. The interaction between cow manure and mycorrhiza had no effect on all parameters observed.</h1>

scholarly journals Tanggap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kopi Robusta (Coffea Robusta L.) Terhadap Berbagai Media Tanam Dan Frekuensi Penyiraman

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Karlina Br Sembiring ◽  
Rosita Sipayung ◽  
Irsal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Fresh Root

Massive breeding is often the case with the availability of the amount of water that can be stored on the media. The aim of this research is to know the influence of media and the frequency of watering on the growth of robusta coffee seedlings and to find the best media and optimum watering frequency. This experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan from June to September 2017. The experimental method used was Factorial Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors, ie 1: planting medium ie, topsoil ; topsoil: sand (2: 1); topsoil: rice husk (2: 1), topsoil: charcoal husk (2: 1) and factor 2: watering frequency ie, watered once a day; watered every 4 days; watered 7 days and watered once every 10 days. The variable was plant height, stem diameter, total leaf number, total leaf area, fresh crown weight, canopy dry weight, fresh root weight, root dry weight, longest root, and canopy and root ratio. The results showed that planting media treatment had a significant effect on plant height variables, stem diameter increase, leaf number, total leaf area, fresh crown weight, canopy dry weight, fresh root weight, root dry weight, and root canopy ratio. The best treatment of planting medium was found in topsoil treatment: rice husk (2: 1). The treatment of watering frequency had a significant effect on the stem diameter 2 - 12 of the week after planting move observation variable, total leaf area, fresh crown weight, dry crown weight, fresh root weight, and dry weight of roots. The best treatment frequency of watering hose is watering every 4 days. The interaction between the two treatments had a significant effect on the diameter of the stem diameter variable, the total leaf area and the fresh weight of the canopy.

scholarly journals RESPON BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) ASAL MULTI EMBRIO TERHADAP FREKUENSI WAKTU PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK (16:16:16) DI PEMBIBITAN UTAMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Hayata Hayata ◽  
Yuza Defitri ◽  
Wahyu Renaldi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

Abstract            This research was conducted at Jl. Lintas Jambi - Muaro Bulian Kel. Pijoan Kec. Jaluko Kab. Muaro Jambi, which lasted for 3 months. This study aims to determine the response of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) of multi embryo origin in the main breeding.             Oil palm seedlings used type Multi Embrio that has been 4.5 months. The medium used is black soil, fertilizer npk brand Lao Ying (16:16:16) and polybag size 5 kg. The design used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with the treatment of npk laoying time with 4 treatment levels F1 5 days 2.5 g, F2 10 days 5.0 g, F3 15 days 7.5 g, F4 20 day 10 g. Each treatment was repeated 4 times, so there were 16 units of experimental unit, each plot consisting of 3 oil palm seedlings, bringing the total of 48 polybags. Each plot was taken 2 plants used as sample. The parameters observed were seed height (cm), stem diameter (mm), dry weight of crown (g), root dry weight (g), and quality index (IK).             Based on the research objectives, the results and discussion, it can be concluded that the NPK (16:16:16) with the frequency of different feeding time on oil palm seed planting medium gives no significant effect on plant height and stem diameter but significantly different to the weight dried canopy, root dry weight and seed quality index of multi-embryo palm oil. The F1 treatment also gives the highest index value of quality (IK) indicating that the seedlings are most ready to be transported. Abstrak            Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Jl. Lintas Jambi – Muaro Bulian Kel. Pijoan Kec. Jaluko Kab. Muaro Jambi, yang berlangsung selama 3 bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon bibit kelapa sawit ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq ) asal multi embrio di pembibitan utama.             Bibit kelapa sawit yang digunakan jenis Multi Embrio yang telah berumur 4,5 bulan. Media yang digunakan adalah tanah hitam, pupuk npk merk Lao Ying (16:16:16) dan polybag ukuran 5 kg. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan frekuensi waktu pemberian npk lao ying dengan 4 taraf perlakuan F1 5 hari 2,5 g, F2 10 hari 5,0 g, F3 15 hari 7,5 g, F4 20 hari 10 g. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali, sehingga terdapat 16 unit satuan percobaan, yang masing-masing petak terdiri dari 3 bibit kelapa sawit, sehingga jumlah 48 polybag. Setiap petak diambil 2 tanaman yang digunakan sebagai sampel. Parameter yang         diamati adalah tinggi bibit (cm), diameter batang (mm), berat kering tajuk (g), berat kering akar (g), dan indeks kualitas (IK).            Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian, hasil dan pembahasan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian NPK (16:16:16) dengan frekuensi waktu pemberian yang berbeda pada media tanam bibit kelapa sawit memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang, tapi berbeda nyata terhadap berat kering tajuk, berat kering akar dan indeks kualitas bibit kelapa sawit asal multi embrio. Perlakuan F1 juga memberikan nilai indeks kualitas (IK) tertinggi yang mengindikasikan bibit tersebut paling siap dipindahkan kelapangan. 

scholarly journals Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap Pemberian Pupuk Organik Asal Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Pupuk Majemuk NPK

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Ariyanti ◽  
Gita Natali ◽  
Cucu Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Palm Fronds

ABSTRACTThe growth response of oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) seedling toward the application of organic fertilizer from palm fronds and NPK compound fertilizerThe research was aimed to study the influence between organic fertilizers from palm fronds and NPK compound fertilizer to reduce NPK compound fertilizer in main nursery. The experiment was conducted from January to April 2017 at the Experiment Station Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design that arranged in factorial patterns with two factors and three replications. The fisrt factor was dosage of organic fertilizers from palm fronds consisted of three levels of 0 g/polybag, 800 g/polybag, and 1600 g/polybag and the second factor was dosage of NPK compound fertilizer consisted of four levels of 0 g/polybag, 20 g/polybag, 40 g/polybag, and 60 g/polybag. The result of the experiment showed that there was interaction effect between organic fertilizers from palm fronds and NPK compound fertilizer on height of seedling and dry weight of the shoot. The dosage of 1600 g/polybag organic fertilizers from palm fronds with the dosage of 20 g/polybag NPK compound fertilizer showed the best result in dry weight of the shoot.Keywords: Oil palm seedling, Main nursery, Organic fertilizer, Palm frond, NPK compound fertilizerABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit dengan pupuk majemuk NPK yang baik untuk mengurangi penggunaan pupuk majemuk NPK di pembibitan utama kelapa sawit. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan April 2017 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas , Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan pola faktorial yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Faktor pertama meliputi dosis pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 0 g/polybag, 800 g/polybag, dan 1600 g/polybag dan faktor kedua dosis pupuk majemuk NPK yang terdiri empat taraf yaitu 0 g/polybag, 20 g/polybag, 40 g/polybag, dan 60 g/polybag. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh interaksi pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit dengan pupuk majemuk NPK terhadap tinggi tanaman dan bobot kering tajuk. Perlakuan pupuk organik asal pelepah kelapa sawit 1600 g/bibit dengan pupuk majemuk NPK 20 g/bibit menghasilkan bobot kering tajuk bibit kelapa sawit terbaik.Kata Kunci: Bibit kelapa sawit, Pembibitan utama, Pupuk organik, Pelepah kelapa sawit, NPK

scholarly journals Respons bibit kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) terhadap pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskular dan cekaman air [Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedling response to application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and water stress]

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viva RINI ◽  
Usnaqul EFRIYANI
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Glomus Sp

 The objective of this study was to determine the response of oil palm seedling to the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) subjected to water stress.  The treatment design used was a factorial design 2 x 5 arranged in completely randomized design.  The first factor was application of AMF i.e. without AMF (control) and inoculation with AMF (mixture of Glomus sp., Entropospora sp., and Gigaspora sp.).  The second factor was water stress i.e. no watering for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days at the end of experiment.  Data obtained were subjected to Bartlett test to examine the treatment variance, and Tukey tests to examine additiveness of the data, and continued by analysis of variance. The results showed that application of AMF increased oil palm seedling growth through the increase in seedling height, number of leave, shoot fresh and dry weight, and percent of root infection.  Duration of water stress significantly affected oil palm seedling growth by decreasing plant height, number of leave, shot and root fresh weight, root dry weight. However, at any level of water stress, the AMF inoculated seedling had better growth compared to those control palms.[Key words: oil palm seedling, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), water stress] AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA) terhadap respons pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit yang mengalami cekaman air. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial 2x5 dalam rancangan kelompok teracak sempurna (RKTS) dengan lima ulangan.  Faktor pertama adalah aplikasi FMA, yaitu kontrol (tanpa FMA) dan diberi FMA (campuran Glomus sp., Entropospora sp., dan Gigaspora sp.).  Faktor kedua adalah lamanya cekaman air, yaitu 0, 7, 14, 21, dan 28 hari tanpa disiram sebelum penelitian dihentikan.  Data yang diperoleh diuji kesamaan ragam antar perlakuannya dengan Uji Bartlett dan kemenambahan modelnya dengan Uji Tukey.  Jika asumsi terpenuhi, ragam homogen dan data bersifat menambah, maka data dianalisis ragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi FMA meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit melalui peningkatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot basah tajuk, bobot kering tajuk, dan persen infeksi akar. Lamanya cekaman air menurunkan pertumbuhan bibit kelapa sawit melalui penurunan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah akar primer, bobot basah tajuk, bobot basah akar, bobot kering tajuk, dan bobot kering akar, akan tetapi pada setiap  taraf cekaman air, pertumbuhan bibit yang ber-FMA lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanpa FMA.[Kata kunci: bibit kelapa sawit, fungi mikoriza arbuskular (FMA), cekaman air]

scholarly journals Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Terhadap Decanter Solid dan Pupuk Phospor di Pembibitan Utama

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Sarman Sarman ◽  
Elly Indraswari ◽  
Ahmad Husni
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
G 13

Oil palm is one of the most important plantation crops in the plantation sector in Indonesia. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) is a vegetable oil-producing plant in the form of Crude Palm Oil (CPO). CPO productivity is very much determined by quality and productive seeds. Oil palm (Elaeis guineenses Jacq) is a vegetable oil-producing plant which produce Crude Palm Oil (CPO). This study aims to determine the response of oil palm seedling growth to the provision of solid food containers and phosphate fertilizers at various doses in the main nursery. This research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, Mendalo Indah, Jambi Luar Kota District, Muaro Jambi Regency. This research was conducted for 3 months from September to December 2019. Design of the experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with one factor, the application of various solid decanter compositions consisting of 6 treatments levels : p0= fertilizer NPKMg 44g/polybag; p1=decanter solid 140 g + 13 g (TSP) / polybag; p2=decanter solid 240 g + 13 g (TSP) / polybag; p3 = decanter solid 340 g + 13 g (TSP)/polybag; p4 = decanter solid 440 g + 13 g (TSP)/polybag; and p5 = decanter solid 540 g + 13 g (TSP) / polybag. Variables observed were  plant height,  number of leaves, stem diameter, total leaf area, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root shoot ratio. The results showed that giving solid decanter at various doses was able to increase growth  in all observed variables and was able to sow seedling growth at recommended fertilization doses. The application of solid decanter 140 g + 13 g (TSP) is the best dose to increase the seed height variable and able to exceed the  seed height at the recommended dose of fertilizing oil palm seedlings in the main nursery.

scholarly journals Respon Pertumbuhan Kelapa Sawit Bibit ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Terhadap Jenis fungi mikoriza arbuskula pada Dua Tingkat Pemupukan NPK

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novri Dwi Damayanti ◽  
Maria Viva Rini ◽  
Rusdi Evizal
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Glomus Sp

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the important excellent crop plantations which have significance for the development of national farm and country source of foreign exchange earnings.Oil palm cultivation is mostly done on the ground of ultisol that have constraints phosphorus deficiency that needed improvement in the quality of the nursery with the utilization of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). The study aimed: (1) determine the best type of AMF in enhancing the growth of oil palm seedlings, (2) determine dose of NPK fertilize most appropriate for the oil palm seedling, (3) determine whether the response of oil palm seedlings to type AMF influenced by dose NPK fertilizer, and (4)determine the best dose of NPK fertilizer for each type of AMF. The treatment design is a factorial (6x2) arranged in randomize completely block design with 5 replications. The first factor is the type of AMF, design as without AMF, Glomus sp. Isolate MV 23, Glomus sp. Isolate MV 26, Entrophospora sp. Isolate MV 22, Entrophospora sp. Isolate MV 25, Entrophospora sp. Isolate MV 28.The second factor is number of NPK fertilize design as p1 (100 % from recomendation) and p2 (50 % from recomendation). Means homogeneity among the treatments were tested using Barlett test and the aditivity data were tested with Tukey test. Separation of means value were analyzed using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% significance level. The results showed the interaction between the type and dose of NPK fertilizer AMF is can be concluded that (1) oil palm seedlings response to AMF inoculation type is determined by the dose of NPK fertilizer on the variable plant height, dry weight of root, and number of primary roots, 2) the optimum dose for each type of AMF are used based on the data root dry weight is a combination of 100% NPK fertilizer with each type of AMF, excepton the AMF types Entrophospora sp. Isolates MV 22. Keywords: Growth Response, Oil Palm Seedling, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals Seleksi Lima Isolat Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular untuk Pembibitan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada dua Dosis Pupuk NPK

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Retta Ramadhina Rias ◽  
Maria Viva Rini ◽  
Fitri Yelli
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Glomus Sp

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Indonesia commonly cultivated on land that is classified as marginal land such as soil type ultisol with a low fertility rate, so it is necessary to improve the quality of seeds with the use of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and NPK fertilizers. This study aimed (1) to determine the most appropriate type of AMF for oil palm seedling, (2) to determine the dose of NPK fertilizeris best for the growth of oil palm seedlings, (3) to determine whether the response of oil palm seedling stobe determined by the type of NPK fertilizer, (4) to determine the best dose of NPK fertilizer for each type of AMF. Research compiled using factorial treatment design (6 x2) with 5 replications. The first factor is the type of mycorrhizal (M) which consists of 6 levels iem0 (without AMF), m1 (Entrophospora sp. Isolates MV 3 ), m2 (Entrophospora sp. Isolates MV12), m3 (Glomus sp. Isolates MV 4), m4 (Glomus sp. Isolates MV11), and m5 (Glomus sp. Isolates MV13). The second factoris the dose of NPK fertilizer (P) which consists of 2 level p1 (100% of the recommended dose), p2 (75% of the recommended dose). The similarity of variance between treatments were tested with Least Significant Differencetest (LSD) at 5% significance level . The results showed (1) All types of FMA being tested can increase the growth of oil palm seedlings compared without exception AMF Glomus sp. MV isolates 11, (2) dose of NPK fertilizer 100% of recommended doses produce the best growth of oil palm seedlings shown by the fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of shoot, fresh weight of root, dry weight of root,and leaf greenness level, (3) palm seedling growth response to AMF inoculationis not determined by a given dose of NPK fertilizer, (4) there is no optimum dose of NPK fertilizer for each type of AMF were used. Keywords :Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, dose NPK fertilize, oil palm seedling.

scholarly journals Respon Akar Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis) Di Pre Nursery Pada Pemberian Naungan dan Abu Janjang Kelapa Sawit

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Yetti Elidar
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Difference Test

The aim of this research is to know the effect of shade and dosage of palm oil ash as well as their interaction to the root of oil palm plantation in pre nursery. This research was carried out in Nursery Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda from February to May 2011. This research is an experiment arranged in Completely Random Design (RAL) with split plot analysis (4 x 4) with 5 replications. The main plot is the level of shade reduction (N) at the age of 10 weeks which consists of four levels, namely: no = Shade minus 100%, n1 = Shade minus 75%, n2 = Shade minus 50%, n3 = Shade minus 25%. As a plot child is a dose of ash (D) consisting of four levels: d1 = 11.5 g of ash / polybag equivalent to 23 tons / ha, d2 = 23 g of ash / polybag equivalent to 45 tons / ha, d3 = 34.5 g of ash / polybag equivalent to 68 tons / ha, d4 = 45 g of ash / polybag equivalent of 91 tons / ha. Data were analyzed statistically and tested further with the smallest real difference test (BNT) at 5% level. The results showed that the treatment of ash dose 23 g ash / polybag or equal to 45 ton / ha (d2) gave wet weight, dry weight, wet weight of leaf, average dry weight of leaves 5,51 g, 2,32 g , and 5.08 g. The shading treatment gives a mean wet weight of roots 1.90 g.

Assessing stress in Rhododendron macrophyllum through an analysis of leaf physical and chemical characteristics

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Gholz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Blade Area

Exposure to full sun provided the most stressful environment, as reflected by foliar characteristics, for naturally occurring Rhododendron macrophyllum growing at low to middle elevations. However, for a given age, exposed plants had a greater woody biomass than shaded plants. In comparison with shaded plants, foliar chemical concentrations (as percentage dry weight) were greatly reduced, unit-area concentrations were greatly increased, total leaf area per plant was reduced about half, and average leaf areas and specific blade areas were greatly reduced. Exposed plants also lacked almost totally the normal fourth age class of foliage.Reduced temperatures and growing-season length, associated with shaded sites at high elevation, caused intermediate levels of stress. This was indicated by intermediate unit-area measurements of foliar chemical concentrations, total leaf area per plant, average leaf size, and specific blade area. Percentage dry weight concentrations did not differ significantly from those of other shaded plants. Foliar biomass per plant was similar for the high-elevation site and the exposed site. Woody biomass of shaded plants at high elevations was similar to that of shaded plants at low elevations.Results showed that the dimensional characteristics of leaves (average leaf area, specific blade area), the total leaf area per plant, and foliar chemical concentrations expressed on a unit-area basis were the foliar characteristics most accurately reflecting stressful environments.

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