scholarly journals Fuel Consumption Analysis of Injection System and Carburetor System on Honda Beat Fi 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Nyoman Sutarna ◽  
◽  
I Nengah Ludra Antara ◽  
Daud Simon Anakottapary
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Mean

An injection system is a process of burning fuel on an internal combustion engine by using an electronic system to inject fuel with air into the combustion chamber. The carburetor system uses a nozzle to blur the fuel mixture with the combustor air. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the value of fuel consumption from the injection system with the carburetor system. This research was conducted by the experimental method. The results of the analysis showed that the average value of fuel consumption even with the injection system was 51.53ml, while the mean value of the carburetor system was 90.40 ml, this meant that the injection system was more efficient compared to the carburetor system of 44.89 ml or 47%. Conclusion injection system at any rotation is more economical than the carburetor system. It is recommended to conduct further research by taking real data that is distance and travel time.

Effect of Chemical Hythane Composition on Pressure in Combustion Chamber of Engine

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
A. P. Shaikin ◽  
I. R. Galiev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Scientific Papers

The article analyzes the influence of chemical composition of hythane (a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen) on pressure in an engine combustion chamber. A review of the literature has showed the relevance of using hythane in transport energy industry, and also revealed a number of scientific papers devoted to studying the effect of hythane on environmental and traction-dynamic characteristics of the engine. We have studied a single-cylinder spark-ignited internal combustion engine. In the experiments, the varying factors are: engine speed (600 and 900 min-1), excess air ratio and hydrogen concentration in natural gas which are 29, 47 and 58% (volume).The article shows that at idling engine speed maximum pressure in combustion chamber depends on excess air ratio and proportion hydrogen in the air-fuel mixture – the poorer air-fuel mixture and greater addition of hydrogen is, the more intense pressure increases. The positive effect of hydrogen on pressure is explained by the fact that addition of hydrogen contributes to increase in heat of combustion fuel and rate propagation of the flame. As a result, during combustion, more heat is released, and the fuel itself burns in a smaller volume. Thus, the addition of hydrogen can ensure stable combustion of a lean air-fuel mixture without loss of engine power. Moreover, the article shows that, despite the change in engine speed, addition of hydrogen, excess air ratio, type of fuel (natural gas and gasoline), there is a power-law dependence of the maximum pressure in engine cylinder on combustion chamber volume. Processing and analysis of the results of the foreign and domestic researchers have showed that patterns we discovered are applicable to engines of different designs, operating at different speeds and using different hydrocarbon fuels. The results research presented allow us to reduce the time and material costs when creating new power plants using hythane and meeting modern requirements for power, economy and toxicity.

scholarly journals Parameter Identification of Nonlinear System on Combustion Engine Based MVEM using PEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trigas Badmianto ◽  
Eka Firmansyah ◽  
Adha Imam Cahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Injection System ◽  
High Price ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Virtual Sensors ◽  
Transport Delay ◽  
Lambda Sensor ◽  
Non Linear System

In four-stroke engine injection system, often called spark ignition (SI) engine, the air-fuel ratio (AFR) is taken from the measurement of lambda sensor in the exhaust. This sensor does not directly describe how much AFR in the combustion chamber due to the large transport delay. Therefore, the lambda sensor is used only as a feedback in AFR control "correction", not as the "main" control. The purpose of this research is to identify the parameters of the non-linear system in SI engines to produce AFR estimator. The AFR estimator is expected to be used as a feedback of the main "AFR" control system. The process of identifying the parameters using the Gauss-Newton method, due to its rapid computation to Achieve convergence, is based on prediction error minimization (PEM). The models of AFR estimator is an open-loop system without a universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensors as feedback, called a virtual AFR sensor. The high price of UEGO sensors makes the virtual AFR sensor can be a practical solution to be applied in AFR control. The model in this research is based on the mean value engine models (MVEM) with some modifications. The research dataset was taken from a Hyundai Verna 2002 with the additional UEGO type of lambda sensors. The throttle opening angle (input) is played by stepping on the gas pedal and the signal to the injector (input) is set to a certain quantity to produce the AFR (output) value read by the UEGO sensor. This research produces an open loop estimator model or AFR virtual sensors with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) = 0.06831 = 6.831%.

scholarly journals TRUNK BALANCE EXERCISE LEBIH BAIK DARI PADA STRENGTHENING BACK EXERCISE DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEIMBANGAN KINERJA OTOT ERECTOR SPINE PADA PEMAIN FUTSAL PEMULA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Nasirudin ◽  
Dewa Putu Gde Purwa Samatra ◽  
Wahyuddin ◽  
Susy Purnawati ◽  
Ni Made Linawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Balance Exercise ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trunk Balance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than

In the game of futsal, work of postural muscle balance needed to maintain the stability of the body for receiving the pass and put the ball into the other team's goal at the time of attack, changing the direction of movement quickly when returning to their respective positions and avoid of back disorder. This research is a form of experimental research that will test the effectiveness of the provision of trunk balance exercise is better than the strengthening of back exercises to improve muscle work balance of erector spine on futsal beginner players, in this study sample will be divided into two groups, the first group will be given trunk balance exercise to improve balance of erectorspine muscles work in futsal begginer players, the second group will be given back strengthening exercise to improve balance of erectorspine muscles work in futsal begginer players.This study was conducted for 6 weeks and the intervention performed 18 times during the study period. Samples measured by surface electromyography to measure work of right and left erector muscle by calculating the proportion of the work on the muscle, the measurement is performed at before the intervention and then intervention in accordance with the grouping which has been divided and then after completion of the intervention, the samples will be re-measured to obtain the value of the intervention.The results of the first group who has been given of trunk balance exercise shows the average value of the before treatment (83.82 ± 2.94) % and the mean value of the after treatment (96.74 ± 2.39) %, and in the second group who has been given strengthening back exercise shows the mean value of the before treatment (88.29 ± 1.89) % and the mean value after treatment (95.91 ± 1.75) %, with the probability value of both groups is 0.000 (p <0.05), and can be expressed there is a significant difference between both groups. In the fourth hypothesis test conducted comparative results of both groups, using independent samples t-test using mean value of the first and second groups, in the first group (12.92 ± 2.94) %, and the second group (7.61 ± 2.12) %, with a probability value 0.000 (p<0.05) and can be expressed in statistical analysis is no significant difference between both treatments were carried out and that means, giving trunk balance exercise is better than back strengthening exercise to improve balance of erector spine muscles work on futsal beginner players.

The analysis of temperature fluctuations by pulse-counting techniques

1959 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Time Derivative ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Electrical Pulses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Better Than

To determine experimentally the mean value of a randomly fluctuating quantity, it may be necessary to measure the average value over a considerable interval of time. This problem arose in a recent study of the temperature fluctuations over a heated horizontal plate, and a system was used that depended on the counting of electrical pulses generated at a rate proportional to the quantity being measured. The advantage of this technique is that mean values may be measured over time intervals of almost unlimited length with little added difficulty for the experimenter. Circuits are described which measure: (a) the mean square of a fluctuating quantity and of its time-derivative, (b) the statistical distribution of the fluctuations, (c) the mean frequency of the fluctuation assuming a particular value, and (d) the mean product of two fluctuating quantities. Over the range of use, the stability and linearity of the calibrations is better than 1%, more than sufficient for work on natural convection. In its present form, the equipment responds uniformly to all frequencies below 100 c/s, but it would not be difficult to extend this range of response to higher frequencies.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PERAN PENDIDIKAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Entrepreneurial Attitude ◽  
The Mean

The research aims to measure the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), entrepreneurial attitude (EA), and entrepreneurial intention (EI) towards entrepreneurship education. The research subjects were all students of SMK Negeri Tempursari. Research conducted is a population study with a total of 187 students. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Data analysis used the MANOVA technique. The results of the study were: (1) The mean value of the ESE, EA, and EI of students who have received entrepreneurship education is higher when compared to the average value of students who have not received entrepreneurship education; and (2) EA and EI have no significant effect between students who have received entrepreneurship education and students who have not received entrepreneurship education. While in the ESE aspect there is a significant influence between students who have received entrepreneurship education and students who have not received entrepreneurship education.

scholarly journals STRATEGI BRAINSTORMING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Lena Susianti ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Electronic Engineering ◽  
Technical Drawing ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean

This research was conducted to determine the effect of brainstorming strategies on students' creative thinking skills in workshop work subjects and technical drawing of class X students of Electronic Engineering at SMKN 1 Bukittinggi. The research design in this study is quasi-experimental. The instrument used was in the form of a matter of creative thinking skills tests that had been validated by an Expert, namely a lecturer majoring in Electronics Engineering. Validity test obtained the average value of validity of 0.85 which is in the valid category. Reliability test obtained Alpha Cronbach's value of 0.856 which is in the interpretation of the value of the pair very well. Because the questions are valid and reliable, the matter of creative thinking skills can be used. The results found the mean value in the experimental class (X TE1) 87.5 and the average value of the control class (X TE2) 74.0. After t-test, it was obtained that tcount> ttable so that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. It can be concluded that there is a significant influence on the application of brainstorming strategies to creative thinking skills.          Keywords: Creative Thinking Skills, Brainstorming Strategies, Validity, Reliability

scholarly journals Literature Review : Pengaruh Terapi Latihan Metode Bobath Terhadap Keseimbangan Statis Pada Pasien Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1486-1493
Author(s):  
Fikri Haykal ◽  
Sigit Prasojo ◽  
I Isytiaroh
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Physiotherapy Intervention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Main Factor

AbstractStroke is a neurological disorder which is has become the main factor in causing movement and body function disorder ini adults. The Problem occur freqentely in the patient in the balence disoreders ini accrying out activities and stiffness in the estremities. One of the physiotherapy apptoaches in by applying bobath method in impove the static balance. It aims to analyze the effect of bobath method exercise therapy on static balance in stroke patients from many articles. in this study the writer had scarched some articels via  PubMed adn  Google Scholar articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria which are then reviewed. From that analyzed articles. It got the mean value pre intervenstion and after it. the average value in the treatment group before the intervention was given was 14.403 and after being given the intervention was 16.593, the obtained velue was 0.007. These results show the intervention bobath method can improve the ability of static balance in stroke patients. The method in proven can improve standing balance in stroke patients. So that it is highly recomended to implement this method as the physiotherapy intervention expesially in stroke patient based on the cometence.Keywords: Stroke; bobath method; static balance AbstrakStroke adalah gangguan neurologis yang menjadi faktor paling utama penyebab gangguan gerak dan fungsi tubuh pada orang dewasa. Permasalahan pada pasien stroke antara lain adanya gangguan keseimbangan dalam melakukan aktifitas dan kekakuan dalam ektremitas. Salah satu pendekatan fisioterapi untuk meningkatkan keseimbangan statis adalah metode bobath. Study ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh terapi latihan metode bobath terhadap keseimbangan statis pada pasien stroke berdasarkan dari berbagai artikel. Pencarian artikel melalui PubMed dan Google Scholar Articles untuk menemukan artikel sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang kemudian dilakukan review. Dari hasil artikel yang dianalisa nilai mean sebelum diberikan intervensi didapatkan rata – rata 14.403 dan sesudah diberikan intervensi sebesar 16,593. Hasil p velue sebesar 0,007. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa intervensi metode bobath  dapat meningkatkan kemampuan keseimbangan statis pada pasien stroke. Metode bobath dapat meningkatkan keseimbangan berdiri pada pasien stroke. Metode bobath dapat digunakan sebagai intervensi fisioterapi khususnya pasien stroke sesuai dengan kompetensi.Kata kunci: Stroke; metode bobath; keseimbangan statis

scholarly journals ANALISIS KARYA POSTER BERDASARKAN UNITY, LAYOUT, TIPOGRAFI, DAN WARNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Yohana Agatha Kembaren ◽  
Gamal Kartono ◽  
Mesra Mesra
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intermediate Value ◽  
Purposive Sample ◽  
Good Rating

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk, mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasikan hasil karya poster peserta didik kelas XII IPS SMA Negeri 1 Kabanjahe, yang ditinjau berdasarkan unity (kesatuan), layout (tata letak), tipografi, dan warna. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 24 karya  poster peserta didik dengan sampel berjumlah 3 karya (12,5% dari total populasi) dan teknik yang digunakan adalah  purposive sample. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan cara mengetahui hasil validasi yang dilakukan validator, kemudian hasil validasi dianalisis berdasarkan kategorisasi yang berkaitan dengan objek yang  diteliti yang meliputi kesatuan (unity), tata letak (layout), tipografi, dan warna. Dari total 24 karya peserta didik, karya no 5 memperoleh nilai tertinggi (94) ,nilai sedang dengan kategori baik karya no 17 (89) dan no 22 kategori baik dengan nilai terendah (86,5). Sebanyak 11 karya (46%) memperoleh predikat sangat baik (A) dan sebanyak 13 karya (54%) memperoleh predikat baik (B). Berdasarkan analisis diperoleh kesimpulan hasil bahwa nilai pada aspek unity (kesatuan), didapat rerata berjumlah 89, 25, untuk layout (tata letak), dengan nilai rerata 89,41, tipografi  dengan nilai rerata 88,29, dan warna dengan  nilai rerata 88,95. Secara umum rerata untuk empat kategori dapat dinterpretasikan  berkualitas baik.  Kata Kunci: poster, kesatuan, tata letak, tipograi.AbstractThe research aims is to describe and interpret the posters work of the 12th social grade students  (XII SOS 1)  Public Senior High School 1 Kabanjahe (SMA Negeri 1 Kabanjahe) , which are reviewed based on unity, layout, typography, and color. The population in this study amounted to 24 poster works by students with 3 sample works (12.5% of the total population) The technique used in this research is purposive sample . Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods by knowing the results of the validation conducted by the validator, then analyzing the results of the validation based on the categorization relating to the object under study which includes unity, layout, typography, and color, then the results of the validation were analyzed based on the categorization relating to the object under study which included unity, layout, typography, and color. From a total of  24 works of students, work No. 5 received the highest score (94),  intermediate value which in  the good category work No.17 (89) and number 22 which  good category with the lowest score (86.5).  The Total  of 11 works (46%) received an excellent rating (A) and 13 works (54%) received a good rating (B).Based on the analysis, the conclusion of the research results shows that the value of the aspect of unity obtained an average of 89, 25, for the layout with an average value of 89.41, typography with a mean value of 88.29, and color with a mean value 88.95. In general, the results of the mean scores for the four categories can be interpreted as good quality. Keywords: poster, unity, layout, typography.

scholarly journals Development of Electrically Aerated Stove for Pyrolyzed Briquettes

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
O. K. Fadele ◽  
M. B. Usman ◽  
O. C. Ariyo ◽  
U. U. Emeghara ◽  
D. O. Adelani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Burning Rate ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
The Mean

In this study, an electrically aerated stove was developed using locally available materials. The performance of the stove was evaluated by utilizing briquettes produced from pyrolyzed jatropha shell and Eucalyptus camadulensis wood shavings. Thermal parameters such as thermal efficiency, power output, specific fuel consumption and burning rate were determined. The mean values obtained for the thermal efficiency, power output, specific fuel consumption and burning rate were 7.62 %, 1685 J/s, 0.2377 g/g, 330.90 g/hr respectively. The performance of the briquette stove was considered to not be suboptimal. The thermal efficiency can further be improved by proper insulation and adequate utilization of the heat generated in the combustion chamber.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LATIHAN AEROBIK TERHADAP FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC)PRIA DEWASA DENGANOVERWEIGHT

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Florencia Sagay ◽  
Hedison Polii ◽  
Herlina I. S. Wungouw
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Changes to respiratory function due to regular aerobic exercise will affect the value of pulmonary function, especially in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). This research aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on FVC overweight male students of Unsrat Medical Faculty. This research is analytic with design experimental, one group pre and post test design. The sampling technique used is non-purposive sampling technique. The research sample was taken from the students of the Faculty of Medicine 2009, Univercity of Sam Ratulangi who fulfill the inclusion criteria. Some 32 students were selected as research subjects. After giving informed consent, FVC measurement was done with the spirometer. After it was measured, they were given treatmen in the form aerobic exercise using a stationary bike for three weeks with frequency of exercise three times a week and exercise intensity for 30 minutes. We measured again FVC values after the exercise three times program. Normality test data showed significance for FVC value before treatment by 0.752, and after treatment by 0.912. Comparison of the average value before and after exercise were tested by using a paired test. Significant value for FVC is P = 0.084, means there is no significant difference between FVC values before and after exercise (P> 0.05). The mean FVC was 3.88 before treatment and after treatment the mean value was 4.00, an increase in the average value of 0.11. Conclusion:Aerobic Exercise on a regular basis using a stationary bike on the overweight male student can improve lung function in particular the mean FVC but there was no significant difference from the mean value. Keywords: FVC, Aerobic Exercise, Overweight.   Abstrak: Perubahan fungsi pernapasan karena latihan aerobik secara teratur akan mempengaruhi nilai fungsi paru khususnya Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan aerobik terhadap FVC mahasiswa pria Fakultas Kedokteran Unsrat dengan berat badan lebih.Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan rancangan eksperimental one grup pre and post test design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik non purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian diambil dari Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2009.Sejumlah 32 orang mahasiswa terpilih sebagai subjek penelitian dan dilakukan pengukuran FVC dengan Spirometer.Setelah itu diberikan perlakuan berupa latihan aerobik menggunakan sepeda statis selama tiga minggu dengan frekuensi latihan tiga kali seminggu dan intensitas latihan selama 30 menit.Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran kembali nilai FVC sesudah program latihan.Uji normalitas data menunjukkan nilai signifikansi untuk FVC sebelum perlakuan sebesar 0.752, dan sesudah perlakuan sebesar 0.912. Perbandingan nilai rata  rata  sebelum dan sesudah latihan diuji dengan menggunakan uji t berpasangan.Nilai signifikan untuk FVC adalah P = 0.084, berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara nilai FVC sebelum dan sesudah latihan (P > 0.05) .Nilai rerata FVC sebelum pelakuan adalah 3,88  dan nilai rerata sesudah perlakuan adalah  4,00,  terjadi penigkatan nilai rerata sebesar 0,11.Simpulan:Latihan Aerobik menggunakan sepeda statis secara teratur dapat meningkatkan nilai rerata fungsi paru khususnya FVC tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dari nilai rerata tersebut. Kata Kunci: FVC, Latihan Aerobik, Berat Badan Lebih (Overweight).

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