scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of complex fertilizers when applied to strawberries

2021 ◽  
Vol 206 (03) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
A Ivanova ◽  
Elena Lekomceva ◽  
Elena Sokolova ◽  
Tat'yana Tutova ◽  
Lyubov' Nesmelova

Abstract. The productivity of wild strawberries is significantly determined not only by the biological characteristics of the variety and soil and climatic conditions, but also by agrotechnical techniques and the use of organomineral fertilizers. The effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers on strawberries has been proven by numerous studies [5, p. 48; 6, p. 99; 14, p. 233; 15, p. 513; 16, p.101; 17, p. 513]. The purpose is a comparative assessment of the effect of various types of complex fertilizers for strawberries. The task was to study the effect of complex fertilizers on the yield of strawberry and its structure. In 2015–2018, studies were conducted on the introduction of complex fertilizers for wild strawberries, which are used during the growing season to improve their nutrition during periods of maximum consumption of nutrients. Methods. The studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods [4], [7]. The influence of “Azophoska”, “Perm-yagodnoye” and “Fasko-yagodnoye” fertilizers on the yield and elements of its structure in strawberry was studied in the conducted studies. Results. The best results for all the years of research were obtained when using the pre-planting application of the fertilizer “Fasko-yagodnoye”. In this variant, there was a significant increase in the number of berries by 1.8 pcs., their weight by 0.68 g and yield by 0.13 kg/m2. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, the effect of the pre-planting application of complex fertilizers “Perm-yagodnoye” and “Fasko-yagodnoye” was studied on strawberry garden. Practical significance. The obtained research results are of great practical value, since it is proved that the productivity of wild strawberries in the Udmurt Republic increases with the use of complex fertilizers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Gamayunova ◽  
L. H. Khonenko ◽  
M. I. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko

The cultivation expediency of more drought-resistant crops, in particular sorghum, millet, false flax, safflower and others, instead of sunflower in the area of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is substantiated. This is, first of all, required by climate change both in Ukraine and in the world. Since 2004, researches of field crops were carried out in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Soil phase is the southern chernozem with humus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer which consist of 2.96–3.21 %, with medium and high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium and low – mobile nitrogen. Experiments with soriz (Oksamyt hybrid) were conducted during 2004–2006, millet (Tavriiske, Kostantynivske, Skhidnevarieties) in 2008–2010, grain sorghum (Stepovyi 5 hybrid) in 2014–2016, safflower dye (Lahidnyi variety) in 2017–2019. The years of research differed significantly in temperature and even more in the amount of precipitation before sowing and during the growing season of crops. However, the weather conditions were typical of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established that all studied drought-resistant crops respond positively to nutrition optimization – the level of yield and quality of grain or seeds increases. It was found that the soriz productivity depending on the application of fertilizers and sowing dates increased by 37.6–39.2 %, millet –by 33.3–41.6 %, grain sorghum depending on the background of nutrition and growing conditions – by 8.2–33.2 %, dye safflower – by 11.1–64.6 %. It was determined that the optimization of nutrition of cultivated crops allows to increase their resistance to adverse conditions and productivity in the case of application of low doses of the mineral fertilizers before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and growth-regulating chemical application of plants on the main stages of the growing season. Key words: drought-resistant plants, climatic conditions, nutrition optimization, yield, crop quality, varieties, sowing dates.


10.12737/2176 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Корепанова ◽  
Darya Korepanova ◽  
Корепанов ◽  
Dmitriy Korepanov ◽  
Акшикова ◽  
...  

The paper presents the data of groundwater research of European cranberry productivity on mineral soils in the climatic conditions of the Udmurt Republic useful for industrial and private cultivation. Research aimed at developing technology of European cranberry cultivation on mineral soils, have scientific and practical perspective. Experience in direct rooting of European cranberry cuttings on mineral soils was conducted in 2010…2011 in the botanical garden of the Udmurt State University. As the planting material semilignified European cranberry cuttings were used harvested in the spring before the growing season in the Nizhny Novgorod region.


2021 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
T. E. Ivanova ◽  
E. V. Lekomtseva ◽  
T. N. Tutova ◽  
E. V. Sokolova ◽  
L. A. Nesmelova

Relevance. One of the most important elements of the technology of cultivation of strawberries for increasing productivity and improving the quality of berries is the use of fertilizers that can regulate the growth, development, yield and quality of products.Methods. During 2016-2018, the impact of pre-planting application of complex mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of strawberries in the Udmurt Republic was studied. The analysis of meteorological conditions during the growing season of the crop according to the research results is carried out.Results. The results of the use of complex fertilizers Azofoska, Perm-yagodnoye and Fusco-yagodnoye on garden strawberries when grown in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic are presented. It was found that the use of these fertilizers in comparison with the control (Azofoska) contributes to an increase in yield and has a positive effect on the quality of berries. The aftereffect of the studied fertilizers on the second and third year of fruiting of wild strawberries is noted. According to the results of research, the highest yield of berries of the garden strawberry was obtained in 2016 in the first year of fruiting when applying Chamfer-berry (1.33 kg/m2 ). The pre-planting application of the FaskoYagodnoye fertilizer provided a reliable increase in yield at all times of berry harvesting, and on average for three years by 0.13 kg/m2 with an NSR of 0.04 kg/m2 . The content of dry matter, water-soluble sugars and vitamin C in the berries corresponded to the characteristics of the Darenka variety and to a greater extent depended on the meteorological conditions of the growing season of strawberries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
L.A. Garbar ◽  
◽  
U. Lishchuk ◽  
N.I. Dovbash ◽  
N.V. Knap ◽  
...  

Nutritional conditions of plants during the growing season is one of the main factors aimed at realizing the genetic potential of sunflower hybrids for growing them in any soil and climatic conditions. Currently, it is important to study the genetic potential of domestic hybrids under different growing conditions in order to identify their competitiveness, which provides an increase in quality and yield of the crop. The use in the production of a significant range of complex microfertilizers on the background of the main fertilizer helps to increase the efficiency of plant use of nutrients of mineral fertilizers and soil, is one of the ways to increase crop yields and quality of agricultural products. Despite the relevance of sunflower as the main oil crop, the technology of its cultivation is not a perfect study, in addition, previous studies often contain conflicting indicators. An important place among the agronomic techniques aimed at increasing crop productivity belongs to the provision of optimal plant nutrition conditions during the growing season. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of culture conditions and selection of high-yielding hybrids (NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma) for specific soil and climatic conditions through the formation of their productivity. The research was conducted during 2018–2019 on typical low-humus chernozems. The research program provided for the establishment of a three-factor field experiment, which studied hybrids (factor A) fertilizer options (factor B) and foliar fertilization of crops (factor B) in phase 4 and 8 sunflower leaves with Ecoline Bor, Nertus Bor, Bast Bor. The studied sunflower hybrids are NK Diamantis, SI Kupava, NK Neoma. The results of the research revealed significant changes in the diameter of the sunflower inflorescence under the influence of different nutritional conditions created by fertilizer options. The influence of hybrid characteristics also determined this indicator. Plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis formed baskets, the diameters of which varied from 17.6 to 21.2 cm, SI Kupava - from 18.8 to 22.1 cm, NK Neoma – from 17.2 to 21.6 cm. The maximum value was obtained on variant with the introduction of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves) in plants of the hybrid SI Kupava, which corresponded to 22.1 cm. The weight of 1 000 achenes belonging to genetically determined traits of culture, in plants of the hybrid NK Diamantis, depending on the fertilizer variant varied from 59.3 to 62.3 g, SI Kupava from 69.8 to 74.0 g, NK Neoma from 68.8 to 72.6 g. The maximum value was provided by the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (phase 4 and 8 leaves). Studies have shown that the most productive was the hybrid SI Kupava with the maximum yield on the variant with the use of N36P56K108S28 + N23 + Ecoline Boron (in phase 4 and 8 leaves of 1 l / ha) – 3.46 t per ha.


2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Nikolai Vasetsky ◽  
Alexander Paramonov ◽  
Oksana Tseluyko ◽  
Andrey Fedyushkin ◽  
Sergey Pasko

The article shows that the productivity of spring wheat is determined by the total effect of a set of conditions, each of which affects the amount of products obtained. As a result of the research, it was found that the yield of spring wheat directly depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The key factor affecting the increase in the productivity of crops when using mineral fertilizers is the amount of precipitation during the growing season. The use of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat, reducing the negative effect of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. So, when N60P30K60 was introduced, the yield increase in different climatic conditions of the research years was 9, 3 … 92, 8%. It was also found that the reproductive function of durum spring wheat is characterized by the fact that the total number of caryopses of a shoot spike and their total weight are in close proportional dependence on the value of its vegetative mass. In this case, the value of the grain-straw ratio is a consequence of the proportional dependence of the reproductive elements of the shoot (acceptors) of wheat on the size of its vegetative (donors) organs.


Author(s):  
T.I. Melnyk ◽  
O.V. Surgan

With the development of modern floral business, Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees is among the top three of the most popular crops, yielding only chrysanthemum and calendula in commercial cultivation. This is one of the most widespread seasonal decorative annual flower crops, which is beautifully cultivated in open ground, pots and bouquet flowers. The researches presented in the article were conducted in order to determine the influence of weather conditions during the growing season of C. chinensis on the research sites of the educational scientific-production complex of the Sumy National Agrarian University (Northeast Forest-steppe of Ukraine) and the effectiveness of the application of various norms of complex mineral fertilizers, introduced at the planting of seedlings into open ground, on the processes of growth, flowering and other qualitative characteristics of the five varieties. During the growing season, the climatic conditions of the region of conducting research, variety characteristics, and also the variability of the parameters of height, number and diameter of C. chinensis inflorescences of the varieties 'Olenka', 'Leleka', 'Litnia Nich', 'Tsarivna' and 'Yabluneva' were influenced by variability mode of mineral nutrition. Weather conditions of vegetation have an impact on the number and size of inflorescences. According to research results, it has been established that there is a certain relationship between the weather conditions of the year and the number of inflorescences. So, the increase in the amount of precipitation during the growing season contributes to the development of the vegetative mass, but also negatively affects the formation of the number of inflorescences C. chinensis. For most varieties, the optimal conditions for the development of the generative sphere were the normal conditions for moisture of the year, and for the 'Litnia Nich' variety it was dry. The greatest increase in height when fertilizing compared to control was observed by the variety 'Tsarivna' (15.9 %), the smallest - by the variety 'Olenka' (2.0 %). The formation of inflorescences of greater diameter by the plants of the varieties 'Olenka', 'Litnia Nich' and 'Tsarivna' was observed in 2016, and by the 'Leleka' and 'Yabluneva' varieties in 2017. For most varieties in 2015, the diameter of inflorescences was the smallest. Studies have shown that weather conditions do not have a significant effect on the diameter of inflorescence, unlike mineral nutrition. The diameter of the inflorescences was the highest in comparison with the control by the variety 'Olenka' (18.3%), the smallest - by the variety 'Tsarivna' (1.1 %). The most valuable morphological and decorative features of C. chinensis plants of the five varieties under study were formed according to the norms of complex mineral fertilizers (nitroamofoska) 6.0 g/m2. The further increase of norm was not appropriate.


Author(s):  
N.E. ZAVYALOVA ◽  
◽  
D.G. SHISHKOV

A stationary field experiment carried out in 1978 on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soil (Eutric Albic Retisols (Abruptic, Loamic, Cutanic)) found that the application of mineral fertilizers in increasing doses led to acidification of the soil by the end of the fifth crop rotation in the arable layer with pH 5.6 when laying the experiment to pH 4.5 in the (NPK)150 variant. The use of NPK at 90–150 kg ai/ha contributed to the preservation of the initial humus level, an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus to 452 and exchangeable potassium to 403 mg/kg. The yield of cereals, potatoes and meadow clover in the crop rotation depended on hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of plants and the level of mineral nutrition. The yield of winter rye amounted to 4.51–4.85 t/ha and practically did not depend on the dose of fertilizers applied. As an NPK dose increased, the protein content in winter rye grain increased from 8.32% in the control samples to 11.57% in the samples with the maximum dose of the complex fertilizer. Potatoes produced a maximum yield (21.81 t/ha) when fertilized at a dose of 90 kg/ha. At increased doses of NPK in potato tubers, a decrease in starch content and an increase in nitrates above MAC were observed. The best indicators of yield (2.5 t/ha) and spring wheat quality were determined on options (NRK)60 and (NRK)90, the increase in control was 0.76–0.82 t/ha. The highest content of protein (18.41%) and gluten (37.48%) in wheat grain was determined by applying NPK at a rate of 60 kg ai/ha. High weediness of crops and adverse weather conditions did not provide for full implementation of the yield potential of meadow clover. In the conditions of the dry growing season of 2016, the maximum yield of barley was obtained by applying a full mineral fertilizer at a rate of 120–150 kg ai/ha (2.54–2.79 t/ha), the surplus to the option without the use of fertilizers was 0.99–1.24 t/ha (НСР05 = 0.15). The Stayer spring oats produced a maximum yield of 5.43 t/ha with NPK application at a rate of 90 kg ai/ha. The nitrogen content in the grain was very low and did not depend on the application of mineral fertilizers.


Author(s):  
Begmatov Abdusamat Mamatkulovich ◽  
◽  
Sattarov Abdumurod Sattarovich ◽  

In the soil and climatic conditions of the Surkhandarya region, the biological characteristics of the tropical plant S. rebaudiana at the stages of ontogenesis have been studied for the first time. The regularities of growth and development, the timing of the onset of the phases of budding, flowering, fruiting during the propagation of plants by seed have been established.


2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
N. R. Magomedov ◽  
F. М. Kazimetova ◽  
D. Yu. Suleymanov ◽  
A. A. Abdullaev

The purpose of the current research is to study of the biological characteristics of rice growth and development, as well as the productivity of the new promising varieties in the Tersko-Sulak sub-province; to identify the optimal doses of mineral fertilizers and the best forecrops for the cultivation of these varieties by herbicide-free technology; to recommend the varieties identified by grain productivity and quality for regionalization in the republic. The novelty of the research is that for the first time in the RD conditions there have been studied the biological characteristics of growth and development, as well as the productivity of new promising rice varieties ‘Flagman' and ‘Kuboyar' in comparison with the standard variety ‘Regul' spread in the republic. The rice cultivation contributes to productivity increase of saline lands and the development of soils in the solonetz complex. The conditions of the Tersko-Sulak sub-province, the presence of large rivers (Terek, Sulak), a favorable thermal regime make it possible to obtain here high yields of rice meeting the requirements of agricultural technology. The ability of rice to withstand soil salinity from 0.05 to 1.5%, depending on the nature of salinity, makes it possible to significantly increase the productivity of saline lands, the area of which is more than 50%. There have been studied two forecrops (winter wheat, alfalfa), four doses of mineral fertilizers (N110P50K70, N140P80K100, N77P35K49, N98P56K70) and three rice varieties ‘Regul', ‘Flagman', ‘Kuboyar'. For two years of research, the variety ‘Flagman' sown after alfalfa with a dose of mineral fertilizers N98P56K70 produced the largest yields of 6.79 t/ha in 2018 and 6.85 t/ha in 2019, which was on 1.81 t/ha and 1.32 t/ha more than in the variant without fertilizing. The varieties ‘Regul' and ‘Kuboyar' with the same doses of mineral fertilizers produced the average yields of 5.76 and 6.20 t/ha, respectively. The highest efficiency of mineral fertilizers was established where the soil was well supplied with organic matter, i. e. when the varieties were sown after alfalfa.


2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.


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