scholarly journals Thermal and Fire Characteristics of FRP Composites for Architectural Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Berardi ◽  
Nicholas Dembsey
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Fire Loads ◽  
Fire Characteristics

This paper discusses the main challenges of using fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) in architectural applications. Architects are showing increased interest in the use of FRPs in modern buildings thanks to FRPs’ ability to allow cost effective realization of unique shapes and flexible aesthetics, while accommodating architectural designs and needs. The long-term durability, weathering resistance, and the exceptional mechanical properties have recently suggested the adoption of FRPs for building façade systems in an increasing number of buildings worldwide. However, some challenges for a wider adoption of FRPs in buildings are represented by the environmental and thermal aspects of their production, as well as their resistance to the expected “fire loads”. This last aspect often raises many concerns, which often require expensive fire tests. In this paper, the results of cone calorimeter tests are compared with software simulations to evaluate the possibility of designing FRPs on the computer as opposed to current design practice that involves iterative use of fire testing. The comparison shows that pyrolysis simulations related to FRPs are still not an effective way to design fire safe FRPs for architectural applications.

scholarly journals Thermal and Fire Characteristics of FRP Composites for Architectural Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Berardi ◽  
Nicholas Dembsey
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Fire Loads ◽  
Fire Characteristics

This paper discusses the main challenges of using fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) in architectural applications. Architects are showing increased interest in the use of FRPs in modern buildings thanks to FRPs’ ability to allow cost effective realization of unique shapes and flexible aesthetics, while accommodating architectural designs and needs. The long-term durability, weathering resistance, and the exceptional mechanical properties have recently suggested the adoption of FRPs for building façade systems in an increasing number of buildings worldwide. However, some challenges for a wider adoption of FRPs in buildings are represented by the environmental and thermal aspects of their production, as well as their resistance to the expected “fire loads”. This last aspect often raises many concerns, which often require expensive fire tests. In this paper, the results of cone calorimeter tests are compared with software simulations to evaluate the possibility of designing FRPs on the computer as opposed to current design practice that involves iterative use of fire testing. The comparison shows that pyrolysis simulations related to FRPs are still not an effective way to design fire safe FRPs for architectural applications.

scholarly journals Durability of FRP Reinforcements and Long-Term Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Gajdošová ◽  
Róbert Sonnenschein ◽  
Stanislav Blaho ◽  
Simona Kinčeková ◽  
Ján Pecka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

AbstractAlthough fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have achieved increasing popularity in strengthening concrete structures and reinforcing new ones, there is to date insufficient knowledge about their long-term behavior. The long-term properties of FRPs specified in design codes lead to the low utilization capacity of these materials and are not supposed to be correct according to the actual behavior of structures reinforced with FRPs after 20 or 30 years of their use. Environmental impact reduction factors limit the mechanical properties of FRP composites in a range from 0.95 for CFRP to 0.5 for GFRP; the creep rupture factor is from 0.9 to 0.2. The paper summarizes previous research and experimental studies on the long-term properties of FRP reinforcements and also their comparison with the actual structures in which this reinforcement has been used; it presents the first part of an experimental investigation with comparative calculations.

scholarly journals Bond-Slip Models for FPR-Concrete Interfaces Subjected to Moisture Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Shrestha ◽  
Dawei Zhang ◽  
Tamon Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Bond Slip ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Environmental related durability issues have been of great concerns in the structures strengthened with the fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs). In marine environment, moisture is one of the dominant factors that adversely affect the material properties and the bond interfaces. Several short-term and long-term laboratory experimental investigations have been conducted to study such behaviors but, still, there are insufficient constitutive bond models which could incorporate moisture exposure conditions. This paper proposed a very simple approach in determining the nonlinear bond-slip models for the FRP-concrete interface considering the effect of moisture conditions. The proposed models are based on the strain results of the experimental investigation conducted by the authors using 6 different commercial FRP systems exposed to the moisture conditions for the maximum period of 18 months. The exposure effect in the moisture conditions seems to have great dependency on the FRP system. Based on the contrasting differences in the results under moisture conditions, separate bond-slip models have been proposed for the wet-layup FRP and prefabricated FRP systems. As for the verification of the proposed model under moisture conditions, predicted pull-out load was compared with the experimental pull-out load. The results showed good agreement for all the FRP systems under investigation.

scholarly journals FRP REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES: STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW OF APPLICATION AND DESIGN

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenijus Gudonis ◽  
Edgaras Timinskas ◽  
Viktor Gribniak ◽  
Gintaris Kaklauskas ◽  
Aleksandr K. Arnautov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Concrete Elements

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) are considered to be a promising alternative to steel reinforcement, especially in concrete structures subjected to an aggressive environment or to the effects of electromagnetic fields. Although attempts to develop effective reinforcement have been followed, the application of FRPs remains limited by the solution to simple structural problems that mainly appear due to the absence of design codes, significant variation in the material properties of FRP composites and limited knowledge gained by engineers as regards the application aspects of FRP composites and structural mechanics of concrete elements reinforced with FRPs. To fill the latter gap, the current state-of-the-art report is dedicated to present recent achievements in FRPs applying practice to a broad engineers’ community. The report also revises the manufacturing process, material properties, the application area and design peculiarities of concrete elements reinforced with FRP composites. Along the focus on internal reinforcement, the paper overviews recent practices of applying FRP reinforced concrete (RC) elements in structural engineering. The review highlights the main problems restricting the application of FRPs in building industry and reveals the problematic issues (related to the material properties of the FRP) important for designing RC following the formulation of targets for further research.

Seismic Upgrading of a Masonry Church with FRP Composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Milani ◽  
Rafael Shehu ◽  
Marco Valente
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
The Church

This paper presents some preliminary results of seismic analyses performed on a masonry church located in Emilia-Romagna (Italy). The church suffered damage during the seismic events occurred in 2012 and some seismic upgrading interventions by means of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) are proposed. The behavior of the church is investigated under horizontal loads simulating a seismic action defined in accordance with Italian Code indications. The preliminary results of the numerical analyses performed on the church in the unretrofitted configuration put in evidence both the insufficient strength of some structural elements when subjected to lateral loads and a typical failure mode of the façade. Two seismic upgrading interventions with FRP composites are simulated in order to increase the seismic performance of the church. Such interventions are carried out according to the provisions of Italian Code for FRP strengthening of existing structures. Numerical results show that a proper seismic upgrading intervention by means of FRP composites is effective to improve the seismic performance of the church.

Shear Behavior of Rectangular Beams Strengthened with either Carbon or Steel Fiber Reinforced Polymers

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Manos ◽  
Konstantinos Katakalos ◽  
Christos G. Papakonstantinou
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Shear Strengthening ◽  
Reinforced Polymers

The aim of this study is to upgrade the shear capacity of reinforced concrete (R/C) beams strengthened with either Carbon (CFRP) or Steel (SRP) fiber Reinforced Polymers with strips having the form of either closed or open hoop external transverse reinforcement. This investigation also includes the use an anchoring device. Seven prototype specimens in need of shear strength upgrade were tested having a span of 3000mm. The strengthened R/C beams along with a non-strengthened control R/C beams were tested monotonically under four point bending loading conditions. The experimental results indicate that the shear failure of the closed hoop strengthened beams is accompanied with the tensile fracture of the CFRP/SRP strips together with an increase in the shear capacity. A considerable increase in the shear strength was observed when open hoop CFRP/SRP strips with no anchoring were used; however, the debonding of these strips posed a limitation to this upgrade. When these open hoop CFRP/SRP strips were provided with anchoring devices the shear strength of the R/C beams was further increased and the shear failure was accompanied this time by either the fracture of the CFRP/SRP strips or the failure of the anchoring system. In conclusion, a shear strengthening system for R/C beams utilizing open hoop CFRP/SRP strips with properly designed anchoring it is easily applicable, it increases significantly the shear capacity of such R/C beams and it exploits at the same time the high tensile strength of these fiber polymer materials in a cost effective way. An analytical procedure used to predict the shear strength for of such R/C beams yielded good comparison with the measured values.

An Eulerian Orthogonal Cutting Model for Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengqi Zhang ◽  
John S. Strenkowski
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Subsurface Damage ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Unidirectional Fiber ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Cutting Model

An Eulerian model is described that simulates orthogonal cutting of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The continuous finite element method (FEM) and the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method are combined to solve the governing equations. A progressive damage model is implemented to predict subsurface damage in the composite. A correction factor that accounts for fiber curvature is included in the model that incorporates the influence of fiber bending. It was found that fiber orientation has a dominant influence on both the cutting forces and subsurface damage. Good agreement was found between predicted cutting forces and subsurface damage and published experimental observations.

Fiber Reinforced Polymers in Civil Engineering: Durability Issues

2015 ◽  
Vol 1129 ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Mariaenrica Frigione
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Thermosetting Resins ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Environmental Agents

In the last decades, the use of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) composites to repair and/or upgrade existing buildings or infrastructure systems proved to be an effective solution, being able to overcome some of the drawbacks experienced with traditional interventions. The knowledge of durability behavior of polymer composite materials in terms of their degradation/aging causes and mechanisms is a critical issue for a safe and advantageous implementation of FRP. The durability of FRP employed in civil infrastructure applications mainly depends on the durability of any single component and on the environment (service conditions) in which the system operates. The components of FRP are: polymeric resins (more frequently thermosetting resins cured in service, i.e. at ambient temperature), fibers and the interface between them. Referring to the resins, heavy concerns arise from the behavior of “Cold-cured” thermosetting resins, often epoxy, used as matrices to manufacture (through wet layup technique) and adhesives to apply, also precured, FRP. The experimental studies present in current literature on the effect of environmental agents on the properties of FRP highlight the crucial role of the adhesive/matrix on the behavior of the whole system. Many other parameters (i.e. direction and disposition of fibers, direction of load application) are involved in the assessment of the durability of FRP. However, in the durability studies of FRP and their components, a lack of specific standards for such materials is recognized. In addition, the results of durability studies do not always agree, possibly due to different curing/conditioning conditions employed. The aim of this work is to critically illustrate the durability studies carried out on FRP for civil engineering applications and appeared in current literature, highlighting the issues that are not yet assessed and addressed.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites Using Fused Deposition Modeling: A Status Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4520
Author(s):  
Salman Pervaiz ◽  
Taimur Ali Qureshi ◽  
Ghanim Kashwani ◽  
Sathish Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Composite materials are a combination of two or more types of materials used to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of engineering products. When fibers are mixed in the polymeric matrix, the composite material is known as fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). FRP materials are widely used in structural applications related to defense, automotive, aerospace, and sports-based industries. These materials are used in producing lightweight components with high tensile strength and rigidity. The fiber component in fiber-reinforced polymers provides the desired strength-to-weight ratio; however, the polymer portion costs less, and the process of making the matrix is quite straightforward. There is a high demand in industrial sectors, such as defense and military, aerospace, automotive, biomedical and sports, to manufacture these fiber-reinforced polymers using 3D printing and additive manufacturing technologies. FRP composites are used in diversified applications such as military vehicles, shelters, war fighting safety equipment, fighter aircrafts, naval ships, and submarine structures. Techniques to fabricate composite materials, degrade the weight-to-strength ratio and the tensile strength of the components, and they can play a critical role towards the service life of the components. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a technique for 3D printing that allows layered fabrication of parts using thermoplastic composites. Complex shape and geometry with enhanced mechanical properties can be obtained using this technique. This paper highlights the limitations in the development of FRPs and challenges associated with their mechanical properties. The future prospects of carbon fiber (CF) and polymeric matrixes are also mentioned in this study. The study also highlights different areas requiring further investigation in FDM-assisted 3D printing. The available literature on FRP composites is focused only on describing the properties of the product and the potential applications for it. It has been observed that scientific knowledge has gaps when it comes to predicting the performance of FRP composite parts fabricated under 3D printing (FDM) techniques. The mechanical properties of 3D-printed FRPs were studied so that a correlation between the 3D printing method could be established. This review paper will be helpful for researchers, scientists, manufacturers, etc., working in the area of FDM-assisted 3D printing of FRPs.

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