EFEKTIFITAS PENAMBAHAN SERBUK KUNYIT TERHADAP BILANGAN PEROKSIDA DAN BILANGAN ASAM MINYAK GORENG BEKAS PAKAI

Used cooking oil is leftover cooking oil from food frying processes that have been used repeatedly. This resulted in increased high free radical and fatty acid content which can be harmful to health. One attempt to reduce oil damage is with the addition of antioxidants. Curcumin is an antioxidant contained in turmeric. Curcumin is an antioxidant phenol which have many double bonds that can capture free radicals, which can slow down the increase in the peroxide and acid number of used cooking oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of turmeric powder on levels of acid number. This type of research is experimental by the number of samples in each treatment and as many as 16 samples. Formulation of the problem of this study is whether there is the effect of turmeric powder on levels of acid value on used cooking oil. The examination results on the levels of acid number of used cooking oil shows the average levels of the acid number of used cooking oil which without the provision of turmeric powder is as high as 0,641, while the one with the provision of turmeric powder is as high as 0,349. Statistical analysis by t test showed the effect of turmeric powder on levels of acid value on used cooking oil with value of p (sig) = 0.000 which is less than 0.05. Therefore, the turmeric powder can inhibit the decrease of acid number on used cooking oil so that the oil quality is maintained.

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Uji Antioksidan Belimbing Wuluh dan Ampas Nanas Terhadap Kualitas Minyak Goreng Habis Pakai

THE JOURNAL OF MUHAMMADIYAH MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST ◽

10.30651/jmlt.v4i1.7509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 88

Author(s):

Siti Mardiyah

Keyword(s):

Oil Quality ◽

Acid Number ◽

Color Intensity ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Pineapple Pulp ◽

Oil Color

Anti-Oxidant Tests of starfruit and pineapple pulp on the quality of Used Cooking Oils ABSTRACTUsed Cooking Oil is oil produced from frying residue and is carcinogenic because it causes oxidation, hydrolysis, and polymerization to produce toxic peroxides and free fatty acids that are difficult for the body to digest. Measurement of oil quality can be measured through 3 parameters, namely, the peroxide number, the acid number and the oil color. Efforts to control the quality of cooking oil are the addition of natural antioxidants, starch wuluh and pineapple pulp. Starfruit contains flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols and pectins as well as Vitamins C and A which can absorb free radicals in oil. Meanwhile, pineapple pulp contains high levels of vitamin C, flavonoids and polyphenols which can eat free radicals. This Research aims to determine the differences in the antioxidant power of starfruit and pineapple pulp to maintain the quality of used cooking oil. This research is experimental, which will study the antioxidant power of starfruit and pineapple pulp at the acid number, peroxidant and color intensity of used cooking oil. 3 grams of dry starfruit and 0.4 grams of dried pineapple pulp are added to each pad 100 mL of used cooking oil. The application of starfruit and pineapple pulp in used cooking oil had a significant effect on the 3 oil quality parameters, namely the acid number, the peroxide number and the oil color intensity, with a significance value of P <0.05. This is because the antioxidant content and composition of the two ingredients are different. Wuluh starfruit in the addition of 3 grams provides a fairly large antioxidant effect, while pineapple pulp at a concentration of 0.4 grams has shown anti-oxidant power so a higher concentration is needed to produce optimal antioxidant power. Keywords: Antioxidants, Starfruit, Pineapple Dregs

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PENINGKATAN KUALITAS MINYAK JELANTA MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF DAN EKSTRAK PUCUK IDAT (Cratoxylum glaucum)

Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.26418/indonesian.v1i1.26039 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Robby Gus Mahardika ◽

Sito Enggiwanto ◽

Ary Samsiar

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Number ◽

Cooking Oil

Silica Waste cooking oil can be used as a soap or biodiesel. Good soaps or biodiesel should be from oils that have low levels of fatty acids and free radicals. However, waste cooking oil has high free fatty acid and free radical, it is necessary to increase the quality of waste cooking oil. One effort to improve the quality of waste cooking oil can use activated carbon as an adsorbent. Decrease in free radicals in cooking oil can use antioxidants from extract pucuk idat (Cratoxylum glaucum). This study aims to see the effect of extract pucuk idat on the process of improving the quality of waste cooking oil. The process of improvement by adding activated carbon and varying the concentration of ethanol extract pucuk idat. Activated carbon used 10% with variation of extract 0,25%; 0,5% and 0,75%. This process followed by stirring for 15 minutes at 80°C, then soaked for 3 days. Oil quality are identified by the method of determining the levels of free fatty acids and acid numbers. The results of this study indicate that extract pucuk idat in ethanol with 0,75% concentration has the lowest free fatty acid and acid number. Extract pucuk idat can improve the quality of waste cooking oil.

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Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Ampas dalam Mereduksi Asam Lemak Bebas (Free Fatty Acid) pada Minyak Goreng Bekas sebagai Biodiesel

Talenta Conference Series Science and Technology (ST) ◽

10.32734/st.v2i1.329 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 124-128

Author(s):

Reka M. Sari ◽

Agus Kembaren

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Acid Number ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Direct Transesterification ◽

Used Cooking Oil

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pretreatment minyak goreng bekas dengan karbon aktif ampas tebu, mengetahui pengaruh variasi katalis terhadap biodiesel dan mengetahui variasi konsentrasi persen berat katalis NaOH yang menghasilkan FAME biodiesel yang maksimum dengan metode transesterifikasi langsung. Pretreatment minyak dilakukan dengan karbon aktif ampas tebu yang diaktivasi dengan H3PO4 pada suhu 400 °C dan massa karbon aktif yaitu 10 g, lalu di uji kualitas minyak berdasarkan standar SNI 01-2901-2006 yang meliputi kadar asam lemak bebas dan bilangan peroksida. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan diuji sesuai SNI 04-7182-2006 yaitu bilangan asam, bilangan iod dan densitas serta mengidentifikasi senyawa pembentuk metil ester dengan GC (Gas Chromatography). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pretreatment minyak goreng bekas dengan menggunakan karbon aktif dari ampas tebu efektif menurunkan ALB pada minyak goreng bekas sebesar 0,336% dan bilangan peroksida 6,99 mek/kg sesuai SNI 06-3730-1995 sehingga dapat dijadikan bahan baku untuk pembuatan biodiesel dengan transesterifikasi langsung menggunakan katalis 1% NaOH. Didapat densitas biodiesel adalah 0,8599 g/mL, bilangan iod yaitu 57,3625% massa dan bilangan asam yaitu 0,6731%. Komposisi FAME oleat, linoleat dan palmitat yaitu 43,4181%, 10,5952%, 38,6358. This study aimed to determine the pretreatment of used cooking oil with bagasse activated carbon, the effect of variations in catalysts on biodiesel and the variation in the concentration of weight percentage of NaOH catalyst which produced the maximum biodiesel FAME using the direct transesterification method. Oil pretreatment was carried out with bagasse activated carbon activated with H3PO4 at a temperature of 400°C and activated carbon mass of 10 g, and oil quality was tested based on SNI 01-2901-2006 standards including free fatty acid and peroxide numbers. The biodiesel produced tested according to SNI 04-7182-2006 were acid numbers, iodine numbers, and densities and identified methyl ester forming compounds with GC (Gas Chromatography). The results showed that the pretreatment of used cooking oil using activated carbon from bagasse was effective in reducing ALB in used cooking oil by 0.336% and peroxide number by 6.99 mek/kg according to SNI 06-3730-1995 so that it could be used as raw material for making biodiesel with direct transesterification using a 1% NaOH catalyst. The density of biodiesel was 0.8599 g/mL. Iodine number was 57.3625% mass and acid number was 0.6731%. The composition of FAME oleate, linoleic and palmitate was 43.4181%, 10.5952%, 38.6358.

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Two-Stage Biodiesel Synthesis from Used Cooking Oil with a High Acid Value via an Ultrasound-Assisted Method

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14123703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3703

Author(s):

Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽

Wei-Ting Lin ◽

Wei-Cheng Chiu ◽

Shuhn-Shyurng Hou

Keyword(s):

Acid Value ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Two Stage ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

High Acid ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Stage Process ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

In this study, ultrasound was used to accelerate two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic synthesis of biodiesel from used cooking oil, which originally had a high acid value (4.35 mg KOH/g). In the first stage, acid-catalyzed esterification reaction conditions were developed with a 9:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, sulfuric acid dosage at 2 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C. Under ultrasound irradiation for 40 min, the acid value was effectively decreased from 4.35 to 1.67 mg KOH/g, which was decreased to a sufficient level (<2 mg KOH/g) to avoid the saponification problem for the subsequent transesterification reaction. In the following stage, base-catalyzed transesterification reactions were carried out with a 12:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, a sodium hydroxide dosage of 1 wt %, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. Under ultrasound-assisted transesterification for 40 min, the conversion rate of biodiesel reached 97.05%, which met the requirement of EN 14214 standard, i.e., 96.5% minimum. In order to evaluate and explore the improvement of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) process in shortening the reaction time, additional two-stage biodiesel synthesis experiments using the traditional mechanical stirring method under the optimal conditions were further carried out in this study. It was found that, under the same optimal conditions, using the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process, the total reaction time was significantly reduced to only 80 min, which was much shorter than the total time required by the conventional method of 140 min. It is worth noting that compared with the traditional method without ultrasound, the intensification of the ultrasound-assisted two-stage process significantly shortened the total time from 140 min to 80 min, which is a reduction of 42.9%. It was concluded that the ultrasound-assisted two-stage (esterification–transesterification) catalytic process is an effective and time-saving method for synthesizing biodiesel from used cooking oil with a high acid value.

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UPAYA PEREMAJAAN DAN PENYERAPAN LOGAM MINYAK GORENG BEKAS INDUSTRI MAKANAN TRADISIONAL DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN BIOADSORBEN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS)

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jipi.9.2.85-93 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 85-93

Author(s):

Susi Desminarti ◽

Edi Joniarta

Keyword(s):

Peroxide Value ◽

Statistical Design ◽

Acid Value ◽

Chemistry Laboratory ◽

Food Industries ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fe Content ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The research has been carried out in the Processing and Chemistry Laboratory of Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh and Post Harvest Laboratory in Bogor since July until November 2006. The research objectives was to prolong the using time of used cooking oil on food industries through applying the empty fruit bunch of palm bioadsorbent. The optimum condition of TKKS applied were 125 mm size and 5% bioadsorben from the weight of oil (Desminarti dan Rahzarni, 2004). The prolonging of cooking oil application can be done throughrefining used cooking oil so that the part of bad cooking oil can be lremoved. Statistical design used in this research was Completely Randomized Design with four treatments dan three replications. If the result was significant it will be followed by DMRT test on 5% significant level. Based on the experiment could be concluded that that four times titration could produced the oil based on SNI criterya in the relation to the water content (0.23%), peroxide value (0.82%) and free fatty acid value (0.23%) and it could also decrease Fe content from 76ppm to 22 ppm, Cu from 1.2 ppm to 0.40 ppm and Non Urea Adduct Forming (NAF) from 126 ppm to 102 ppm. The bioadsorbent sorption content on water varied from 78% to 80%; peroxide value from 14.71 to 59.80%, free fattyacid from 55.61 to 89.25%, Fe from 68.42 to 71.05%, Cu from 5% to 60% and NAF from 17.46 to 19.05%.

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Alternative Raw Materials to Produce Biodiesel through Alkaline Heterogeneous Catalysis

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9080690 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 690 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Edgar M. Sánchez Faba ◽

Gabriel O. Ferrero ◽

Joana M. Dias ◽

Griselda A. Eimer

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Absolute Methanol ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil

Recent research focuses on new biodiesel production and purification technologies that seek a carbon-neutral footprint, as well as cheap, renewable and abundant raw materials that do not compete with the demand for food. Then, many attractive alternatives arise due to their availability or low-cost, such as used cooking oil, Jatropha oil (non-edible) or byproducts of vegetable oil refineries. Due to their composition and the presence of moisture, these oils may need a pretreatment to reach the established conditions to be used in the biodiesel production process so that the final product complies with the international quality standards. In this work, a solid catalyst based on 10 wt % sodium oxide supported on mesoporous silica SBA-15, was employed in the transesterification of different feedstocks (commercial sunflower and soybean oil, used cooking oil, acid oil from soapstock and Jatropha hieronymi oil) with absolute methanol in the following reaction conditions—2–8 wt % catalyst, 14:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 60 °C, vigorous magnetic stirring and 5 h of reaction. In this way, first- and second-generation biodiesel was obtained through heterogeneous catalysis with methyl ester yields between 52 and 97 wt %, depending on the free fatty acid content and the moisture content of the oils.

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New Lubricant from Used Cooking Oil: Cyclic Ketal of Ethyl 9,10-Dihydroxyoctadecanoate

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.901.135 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 901 ◽

pp. 135-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan ◽

Muslih Anwar ◽

Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Viscosity Index ◽

Acid Number ◽

Base Number ◽

Sonochemical Method ◽

Total Acid ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Total Base

A new ketal cyclic from ethyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate with acetone had been synthesized by reflux and sonochemical method. The synthesis was performed via several steps of reaction, i.e.: transesterification, hydrolysis, oxidation with 1% KMnO4 in basic condition, esterification, and ketalization. The structures of the products were confirmed by FTIR, GC-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectrometers. Direct transesterification of used cooking oil produced a mixture of ethyl ester in 82.94% yield meanwhile hydrolysis of this mixture gave free fatty acids mixture in 88.46% yield. Hydroxylation reaction of free fatty acids mixture yielded a white powder of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid in 46.52% yield. Esterification of 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid and ethanol catalyzed by sulfuric acid with reflux condition for 4 hours and sonochemical method, respectively yielded 90% and 93.8% of ethyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate. In the other side, the utilization of KSF montmorillonite as catalyst conducted with reflux gave 52% in yield of ester. Furthermore, the use of acetone in 45 minutes sonochemical method with montmorillonite KSF catalyst gave cyclic ketal (ethyl 8-(2,2-dimethyl-5-octyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)octanoate) as a yellow viscous liquid in 53.30% yield. From physicochemical properties –density, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, total acid number, total base number and iodine value- gave the conclusion that this novel compound is potential biolubricant candidates to be developed.

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Experimental Investigation on Variation of FFA in Used Cooking Oil and Optimization of Conversion to Biodiesel

ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 2 ◽

10.1115/es2010-90505 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Sriraam Ramanathan Chandrasekaran ◽

Sumant Avasarala ◽

Fathima Jalal ◽

Lima Rose Miranda ◽

Selva Ilavarasi Paneerselvam

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Process Variable ◽

Industrial Sector ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Acid And Base

The world is currently dependant on fossil fuels as a fuel source for transportation and fuelling the industrial sector. The increasing awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the environmental benefits of bio-diesel has made it more attractive in recent times. Many researches are being made to commercialize the production. However the cost of bio-diesel is the major obstacle to its commercialization in comparison to conventional diesel fuels. The objective of this paper is to produce biodiesel from Used cooking oil using a two stage process of acid and base catalyzed Transesterification reaction and optimizing the process variable such as Methanol to oil ratio, Catalyst to oil ratio, Reaction temperature and Reaction time as these process variable has adverse effect on the Transesterification reaction. The optimized parameters gave an yield of about 96%. Also an attempt had been made to examine the effect of temperature, moisture and storage time on the accumulation of free fatty acids in Used cooking oil. The results showed that the triacylglycerides was hydrolysed and the free fatty acid content was raised.

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The Influence Of Temperature and Contact Time On Waste Cooking Oil’s Adsorption Using Bagasse Adsorbent

Inovasi Pembangunan : Jurnal Kelitbangan ◽

10.35450/jip.v7i2.131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

Rantiana Sera ◽

Donny Lesmana ◽

Atika Maharani

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Contact Time ◽

Color Change ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Adsorption Method ◽

Influence Of Temperature ◽

Color Changes ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Adsorption Temperature

Cooking oil is one of basic needs that very often used by public. Cooking oil that has been used it will occur characteristic’s change and if consderated from chemical composition it has carcinogen content. One way of doing things for used cooking oil is adsorption method. Goal of this research for reduce Free Fatty Acid content and color changes on used cooking oil used bagasse adsorbent, with variant adsorption temperature 32, 40, and 50oC, also contact time as 45, 90, and 180 minutes. Best results of this research are FFA 85.10% reduction occur at 40-50oC with 180 minutes contact time and the biggest color change occur at 50oC with 180 contact time is 14.925%.

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