Photovoltaic Solar Energy: The Brazilian Reality

The searching for diversification of energy resources in Brazil has become extremely necessary due to two main factors. The first one is the current hydric situation in which the country is passing through; with the scarcity of rain, the generation situation through hydroelectric power plants is being compromised. Since the significant reduction in rainfall, power generation by hydroelectric plants has not been sufficient to supply the demand. Consequently, the need to use thermoelectric power plants has increased the energy price. Secondly, secondly, the explorations of renewable energy resources bring flexibility and sustainability. In this scenario, photovoltaic solar energy presents itself as a technology in constant advance in Brazil and around the world. Through a bibliographical review, this article aims to present the principle of the use of this energy, considering the equipment and materials applied to the system, as well as the efficiency they can achieve. In addition, there is a broader view of the use of sunlight to produce electricity through photovoltaic panels and the applications of this technology in specific situations, such as installation on streetlights. The use of photovoltaic energy is a reality that states increasingly in several countries. In Brazil the manufacturing of photovoltaic systems need to reach an industrial scale to reduce costs, technical conditions and the uncertainty of the extent that this market will reach in the coming years also bring difficulties to final consolidation of solar photovoltaic generation in Brazil. There are several uses for a system that generates electricity.

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Photovoltaic Solar Energy: The Brazilian Reality

Earth & Environmental Science Research & Reviews ◽

10.33140/eesrr.02.03.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Hydroelectric Power ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Photovoltaic Generation ◽

Thermoelectric Power Plants ◽

Hydroelectric Plants ◽

Photovoltaic Solar Energy

The searching for diversification of energy resources in Brazil has become extremely necessary due to two main factors. The first one is the current hydric situation in which the country is passing through; with the scarcity of rain, the generation situation through hydroelectric power plants is being compromised. Since the significant reduction in rainfall, power generation by hydroelectric plants has not been sufficient to supply the demand. Consequently, the need to use thermoelectric power plants has increased the energy price. Secondly, secondly, the explorations of renewable energy resources bring flexibility and sustainability. In this scenario, photovoltaic solar energy presents itself as a technology in constant advance in Brazil and around the world. Through a bibliographical review, this article aims to present the principle of the use of this energy, considering the equipment and materials applied to the system, as well as the efficiency they can achieve. In addition, there is a broader view of the use of sunlight to produce electricity through photovoltaic panels and the applications of this technology in specific situations, such as installation on streetlights. The use of photovoltaic energy is a reality that states increasingly in several countries. In Brazil the manufacturing of photovoltaic systems need to reach an industrial scale to reduce costs, technical conditions and the uncertainty of the extent that this market will reach in the coming years also bring difficulties to final consolidation of solar photovoltaic generation in Brazil. There are several uses for a system that generates electricity.

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Improving the Efficiency of Solar Photovoltaic Cell by Decreasing Surface Temperature

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.b3854.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3235-3239

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Energy Conversion ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Photovoltaic Cell ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Air Cooling ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Renewable Energy Resources

Supply of energy is able to meet the increasing demand of today’s people, which is major causes faced by world. The shortage of power can be reduced by using renewable energy resources. There are many renewable energy resources like wind, tidal and biomass energy, solar energy. The mostsignificant form of renewable source is solar energy. It has undergone a research and development in the recent years and still it is developing. Solar photovoltaic cell is device used in solar energy conversion. It converts forthrightly electrical energy from the sunlight. The efficiency of PV cell is disturbed when rise in working temperature. Temperature on the panel is inversely proportional to the power generation. The main problem met by solar cell is temperature rise. Due to this temperature the energy conversion is low. By decreasing the temperature on the surface of PV panel to enhance the electric efficiency. So, in present-day different cooling methods have been projected and verified experimentally. Several techniques have been tried, mostly based on active water and air cooling, as these are simple techniques. The main objective of this system is to increase the solar panel efficiency using water cooling method of the panel gets cooled by exchange temperature.

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Solar energy forecasting using intelligent techniques: A step towards sustainable power generating system

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-189757 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Ibrahim Alsaidan ◽

Mohammad Rizwan ◽

Muhannad Alaraj

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Power Plants ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Percentage Error ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

High Quality ◽

Energy Forecasting

The rapid advancements in the technology, increase in comfort levels, movement of population to urban areas, depletion of fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas emissions have invigorated the use of renewable energy resources for power generation in the last few years. The major renewable energy resources which have potential to fulfill the requirements includes solar energy, wind energy, small hydro and biomass etc. Among these major resources, solar energy-based technology is considered as one of the fastest growing technology because of its various advantages and ubiquitous availability of the resources. However, there are certain challenges in the utilization of solar energy for power generation because of various uncertainties in the atmosphere. As a result, the power generated from solar based power plants is fluctuating in nature which is not desirable. Therefore, the utilities are adopting the smart grid approach which has ability to integrate the solar power plants efficiently and the solar energy forecasting is one of the essential tools for this new model. In this paper, AI based techniques are utilized to forecast solar energy using high quality measured solar irradiance data. The forecasting accuracy of the developed models is evaluated based on statistical indices such as absolute relative error and mean absolute percentage error. The results obtained from the developed models are compared to observe the forecasting ability and performance with the high-quality measured data and found accurate.

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Potential of Renewable Energy Resources with an Emphasis on Solar Power in Iraq: An Outlook

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources8010042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hussain Al-Kayiem ◽

Sanan Mohammad

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Solar Power ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Concentrated Solar Power ◽

The Cost

This study presents an outlook on the renewable energies in Iraq, and the potential for deploying concentrated solar power technologies to support power generation in Iraq. Solar energy has not been sufficiently utilized at present in Iraq. However, this energy source can play an important role in energy production in Iraq, as the global solar radiation ranging from 2000 kWh/m2 to a 2500 kWh/m2 annual daily average. In addition, the study presents the limited current solar energy activities in Iraq. The attempts of the Iraqi government to utilize solar energy are also presented. Two approaches for utilizing concentrated solar power have been proposed, to support existing thermal power generation, with the possibility of being implemented as standalone plants or being integrated with thermal power plants. However, the cost analysis has shown that for 50 kW concentrated solar power in Iraq, the cost is around 0.23 US cent/kWh without integration with energy storage. Additionally, notable obstacles and barriers bounding the utilization of solar energy are also discussed. Finally, this study proposes initiatives that can be adopted by the Iraqi government to support the use of renewable energy resources in general, and solar energy in particular.

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Potential utilization of renewable energy resources for electricity generation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci0503015b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 15-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fajik Begic ◽

Anes Kazagic

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power System ◽

Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽

Electricity Market ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

Power Plants ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Renewable Energy Resources

Along with the current processes of restructuring of Energy power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina, liberalization of the electricity market, and modernization of the existing power plants, Bosnia and Herzegovina must turn to the utilization of renewable resources in reason able dynamics as well. Respecting this policy, the initial Valuation of the potential of renewable erg resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina is per formed. The methodology of evaluation of wind energy utilization is presented in this paper, as well as some other aspects of utilization of the renewable energy resources in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Implementation of selected projects should improve sustainability of energy power production in Bosnia and Herzegovina, by reducing the total emission of carbon dioxide originated from energy power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Photovoltaics: solar energy resources and the possibility of their use

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S ◽

10.1515/eces-2016-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 9-32

Author(s):

Tadeusz Rodziewicz ◽

Aleksander Zaremba ◽

Maria Wacławek

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Solar Power ◽

Power Industry ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Photovoltaic Power ◽

New Ideas ◽

World Records

Abstract In this paper possibilities and limits of use of solar energy (like the best efficiencies of PV cells, world records and ‘notable exceptions’) were shown. Also some new ideas and concepts in photovoltaics (like new photovoltaic power plants or energy storage) were presented. Additionally authors try to predict development of solar power industry.

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ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE DOWNWELLING SHORTWAVE RADIATION IN 2021-2050 IN LAAYOUNE − SAKIA EL HAMRA REGION, MOROCCO

EUREKA Physics and Engineering ◽

10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00863 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

Youssef El Hadri ◽

Valeriy Khokhlov ◽

Mariia Slizhe ◽

Kateryna Sernytska ◽

Kateryna Stepanova

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Cloud Cover ◽

Power Plants ◽

Solar Power ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Shortwave Radiation ◽

Total Cloud Cover ◽

Solar Power Plants

Morocco's energy system is highly dependent on external energy markets. According to the Ministry Energy, Mines and Sustainable Development today more than 93 % of energy resources are imported to Morocco. In 2008 the Moroccan Government has developed a National Energy Strategy, and one of its priority areas is to increase the share of renewable technologies in the country's energy sector. Morocco is rich in solar energy resources. Studies on the assessment of the Morocco’s solar energy potential indicate, among other benefits, low additional costs when using solar installations compared to losses associated with the solution of future climate problems and lack of resources. The plan envisages the commissioning of solar power plants in Ouarzazate, Ain Ben Mathar, Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune by 2020. The aim of this research is determination of the characteristics of the distribution of Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation in the area of the solar power Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune, located in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region in 2021−2050. The data from regional climate modeling with high spatial resolution of the CORDEX-Africa project are used in this research. The RCM modeling is carried out for the region of Africa, in a rectangular coordinate system with a spatial resolution of ~ 44 km. Then, from the modeling data, values are highlighted for the territory of Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region. Model calculation is performed taking into account the greenhouse gas concentration trajectory of RCP 4.5 calculated using 11 regional climate models. As a result of the simulation for the period 2021−2050, average monthly values of the Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation "RSDS" (W/m2) are derived, on the basis of which the mean values for the period of time are calculated. For more detailed information, average monthly total cloud cover values "TC" (%) for the period under study are calculated. Analysis of the change in RSDS in 2021–2050 relative to the recent climatic period is shown that in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region we can expect an increase or retention of its values. The annual run of the RSDS has one maximum in June and one minimum in December. In the future, the distribution of RSDS in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region will have a significant impact on proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, where an increased amount of total cloud cover significantly reduces the amount of incoming radiation. In the location of solar power plants in the near future, the current RSDS values are expected to be maintained, which creates favorable conditions for the further development of the renewable energy industry in this area and increasing its productivity.

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Calculation of Receipt of Renewable Energy Resources and Operation Modes of Power Plants

Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch078 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1777-1795

Author(s):

Baba Dzhabrailovich Babaev ◽

Vladimir Panchenko ◽

Valeriy Vladimirovich Kharchenko

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Operating Mode ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Optimal Configuration ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Energy Complex

The main objective of the work is to develop principles for the formation of the optimal composition of the energy complex from all the given power plants based on renewable energy sources for an autonomous consumer, taking into account the variable energy loads of the consumer, changing climatic conditions and the possibility of using local fuel and energy resources. As a result of solving this optimization problem, in addition to the optimal configuration of the power complex, it is also necessary to solve the problem of optimizing the joint operation of different types of power plants from the selected optimal configuration, that is, it is necessary to determine the optimal modes of operation of power plants and the optimal share of their participation in providing consumers at every moment in time. A numerical method for analyzing and optimizing the parameters and operating mode of the energy complex with the most accurate consideration of the schedule of changes in consumer load and software that automates the solution of this optimization problem are also presented.

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Solar Driven Energy Conversion Applications Based on 3C-SiC

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.1028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 858 ◽

pp. 1028-1031 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jian Wu Sun ◽

Valdas Jokubavicius ◽

Lu Gao ◽

Ian Booker ◽

Mattias Jansson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Energy Conversion ◽

Water Splitting ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Intermediate Band ◽

Boron Doped ◽

Clean Energy Source ◽

Photovoltaic Material

There is a strong and growing worldwide research on exploring renewable energy resources. Solar energy is the most abundant, inexhaustible and clean energy source, but there are profound material challenges to capture, convert and store solar energy. In this work, we explore 3C-SiC as an attractive material towards solar-driven energy conversion applications: (i) Boron doped 3C-SiC as candidate for an intermediate band photovoltaic material, and (ii) 3C-SiC as a photoelectrode for solar-driven water splitting. Absorption spectrum of boron doped 3C-SiC shows a deep energy level at ~0.7 eV above the valence band edge. This indicates that boron doped 3C-SiC may be a good candidate as an intermediate band photovoltaic material, and that bulk like 3C-SiC can have sufficient quality to be a promising electrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

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