scholarly journals Biochemical Analysis Of Some Dried Sis Fishes Of The River Padma In Rajshahi

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Sultana ◽  
Selina Parween ◽  
M Altaf Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Mystus Vittatus ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Glossogobius Giuris ◽  
Better Than

Seven different species viz. Chanda baculis, Chanda ranga, Amblypharyngodon mola, Oxygaster bacaila, Clupisoma atherinoides, Corica soborna, Mystus vittatus and a group of mixed SIS fishes viz. Mastacembelus pancalus, Xenntodon cancila, Chanda baculis and Glossogobius giuris were used for preparation of dust which can be preserved for a time period. The fishes were sun dried or oven dried, which are also method of preservation. Quality of the oven-dried fish was better than that of the sun-dried fish, but sun-drying process is easy and can be used in large scale. The fish powder remained in good condition for 7-9 months at normal room temperature, but at -18°C the powder was in good condition throughout the year. Highest quantity of powder from 1 kg of fish was obtained in case of the mixed species as 24.61% and the lowest in O. bacaila which was 20.52%. Biochemical analysis showed that the maximum calcium content was found as 1.34% in M. vittatus and minimum was 0.80% in mixed SIS fishes. Maximum phosphorus content was 2.90% in C. ranga and minimum was 1.72% in C. soborna. Maximum iron content was found as 45.20 mg/100g in mixed SIS fishes and minimum was found as 16.85 mg/100g in O. bacaila. The maximum moisture content was found in C. ranga (13.50%) and the minimum in mixed SIS fishes (11.65%). The maximum protein content was recorded in the mixed SIS fishes (72.45%) and the minimum in C. ranga (52.65%). The experiment was replicated three times and conducted from July 2005 to July 2008. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9719 JLES 2011 6: 39-43

scholarly journals Design and Demonstration of Large Scale Cu2O Photocathodes with Metal Grid Structure for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7422
Author(s):  
Min-Kyu Son
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Grid Structure ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Intrinsic Conductivity ◽  
Metal Grid ◽  
Splitting System ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Better Than

Upscaling of photoelectrode for a practical photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting system is still challenging because the PEC performance of large-scale photoelectrode is significantly low, compared to the lab scale photoelectrode. In an effort to overcome this challenge, sputtered gold (Au) and copper (Cu) grid lines were introduced to improve the PEC performance of large-scale cuprous oxide (Cu2O) photocathode in this work. It was demonstrated that Cu grid lines are more effective than Au grid lines to improve the PEC performance of large-scale Cu2O photocathode because its intrinsic conductivity and quality of grid lines are better than ones containing Au grid lines. As a result, the PEC performance of a 25-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was almost double than one without grid lines, resulting in an improved charge transport in the large area substrate by Cu grid lines. Finally, a 50-cm2 scaled Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines was tested in an outdoor condition under natural sun. This is the first outdoor PEC demonstration of large-scale Cu2O photocathode with Cu grid lines, which gives insight into the development of efficient upscaled PEC photoelectrode.

Kerangka Kebijakan Sosio-Budaya Menuju Pertanian 2025 ke Arah Pertanian Pedesaan Berdaya Saing Tinggi, Berkeadilan dan Berkelanjutan

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Tri Pranadji
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Development Orientation

<strong>English</strong><br />The condition of rural agriculture recently facing some big problems in particular the weakness of social capital, poverty and environmental degradation which are progressively on large scale. Vision of agricultural development 2025 is sustaining rural welfare which is characterized by highly competitive, equity and sustainable. One of very important agricultural policies is how to improve rural socio-culture regarding to most of rural people good opportunity in higher level of quality of life. Therefore, agricultural development 2025 will strongly require a comprehensive framework of socio-culture policy. There are five primary elements of socio-culture which must be developed in agricultural development 2025, that are human competency (or high quality of human capital), strong local leadership, value system, health agribusiness organization (and management) at village level, and equal social structure (being based on agrarian resources domination). It is highly recommend that framework of socio-culture policy is constructed by combination between time reference of change and level of society in one side, and elements of socio-culture which are being transformed in the other side. Social capital, such as  rural law enforcement and governmental decentralization at rural level, have to be considered as the key to success in achieving rural community welfare. Some important aspects which must be paid attention to arrange good condition for running agriculture vision 2025 are to shift development orientation (from urban bias of non-agricultural resources based and footloose industrialization) toward rural industrialization base on local natural and human resources; agrarian reform base; strengthening of social control based on civil society; harmonization of partnership among government, rural-agricultural economic actors and community; and political arrangement which farmers have higher influence in political decision.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pertanian pedesaan saat ini masih menghadapi tiga masalah besar, yaitu lemahnya modal sosial, kemiskinan dan kerusakan sumberdaya pertanian yang semakin membesar. Visi pembangunan pertanian 2025 yang sesuai adalah pertanian pedesaan yang berdaya saing tinggi, berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan. Salah satu kebijakan pembangunan pertanian yang penting adalah kebijakan pemberdayaan sosio-budaya pedesaan. Oleh karena itu pembangunan pertanian 2025 membutuhkan kerangka kebijakan sosio-budaya yang komprehensif. Ada lima elemen sosio-budaya utama yang harus dikembangkan, yaitu: kompetensi SDM, kepemimpinan lokal, tata nilai, keorganisasian (dan manajemen) usaha tingkat desa dan struktur sosial (berbasis penguasaan sumberdaya agraria). Kerangka kebijakan sosio-budaya mengacu pada kombinasi antara tingkat masyarakat dan jangka waktu di satu sisi, dan elemen sosio-budaya yang ditransformasikan di sisi lain. Modal sosial, seperti penegakan sistem hukum pedesaan dan desentralisasi pemerintahan hingga tingkat desa, harus dianggap sebagai kunci sukses pencapaian kesejahteraan masyarakat pertanian pedesaan berkelanjutan. Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan untuk mengkondisikan visi pertanian 2025 terwujud, yaitu: perlunya mengubah orientasi pembangunan (dari industrialisasi non-pertanian yang footloose dan bias kota) menjadi yang memihak pada industrialisasi pedesaan berbasis pertanian dan perbaikan sumberdaya agraria di pedesaan; pentingnya reformasi keagrariaan; pengembangan kekuatan kontrol masyarakat madani (civil society); sinergi (harmonis) atau partnership antara pemerintah, pelaku usaha pertanian di pedesaan dan masyarakat lokal; dan tatanan politik yang memberi posisi layak bagi petani pedesaan.

Time Orientation: Past, Present, and Future Perceptions

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Jason ◽  
Jennifer Schade ◽  
Louise Furo ◽  
Arne Reichler ◽  
Clifford Brickman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Perceptions ◽  
Better Than

A survey was conducted to assess people's time orientation or where they spend most of their thinking time: past, present or future. 100 women were also asked about their expectations for the quality of life in 20 co 30 yr. and about the odds of a large-scale nuclear war within 30 yr. Respondents thought almost twice as much about the present and future as the past. They rated the quality of life in 20 to 30 yr. as being the same as or slightly better than now. A nuclear war within 30 yr. was considered possible; religious orientation had a strong effect. No significant relationship was found between time orientation and future expectations.

scholarly journals THE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF INFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINES CONCENTRATED AND PURIFIED BY DIFFERENTIAL CENTRIFUGATION

1945 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Differential Centrifugation ◽  
Frozen State ◽  
Elution Method ◽  
Better Than

Influenza virus vaccines containing from 1 to 10 mg. of virus materials per cc. concentrated and purified from infectious allantoic fluids by means of one or two cycles of differential centrifugation and inactivated by different treatments have been prepared and subjected to laboratory tests. Suitable inactivation of the virus preparations with retention of full red cell agglutinating activity and immunizing potency in mice was achieved by treatment with minimal amounts of formaldehyde or ultraviolet light. Treatment with phenol or chloroform failed to cause adequate loss of virus activity. Excessive amounts of formaldehyde or of ultraviolet light were found to cause a loss in red cell agglutinating activity and in immunizing potency. Freezing resulted in the immediate loss of red cell agglutinating activity of the formalinized vaccine. Storage of the vaccines in the frozen state was accompanied by a gradual decrease in red cell agglutinating activity. Drying of the vaccines from the frozen state resulted in a loss of red cell agglutinating activity and, in the case of the formalinized vaccine, in a loss in immunizing potency. There appeared to be at least a rough correlation between red cell agglutinating activity and immunizing potency. The immunizing potency and red cell agglutinating activity of a purified formalinized vaccine containing 2 mg. of virus material per cc. were unchanged following 2 months' storage at 4° but were measurably decreased following storage for 2 months at 18 to 25° and at 37°. At equivalent dosages of virus material the immunizing potency of formalinized centrifugally purified virus, of formalinized virus purified by the red cell elution method, and of infectious allantoic fluid was not measurably different. The immunizing potency of a formalinized polyvalent vaccine containing centrifugally purified Lee, PR8, and Weiss influenza virus materials at concentrations of 5, 2.5, and 2.5 mg. per cc., respectively, was found to be essentially the same as that of a similar vaccine prepared commercially. In both cases the protection afforded against the Weiss strain appeared to be better than that against the Lee and PR8 strains. The commercially prepared vaccine is being subjected to clinical tests in man at dosage levels ranging from 0.01 mg. to 10 mg. The latter corresponds to a level approximately 100 times that of infectious allantoic fluid. It was found that the bacterial contamination that frequently accompanies operation on a large scale can be controlled by the addition of one part per 10,000 of formalin plus one part per 100,000 of phenyl mercuric nitrate to the allantoic fluid immediately following harvesting, without affecting the quality of the vaccine. This procedure and the use of virus materials purified and concentrated by a single cycle of differential centrifugation by means of the Sharples centrifuge were found to be suitable for the production of influenza virus vaccines on a large scale. By means of this method influenza vaccines possessing 20 or more times the immunizing potency of infectious allantoic fluid and 10 or more times the immunizing potency of the usual commercial vaccine prepared by the red cell elution method can be manufactured rapidly on a very large scale with considerable ease and efficiency.

scholarly journals Uneven Data Quality and the Earliest Occupation of Europe – The Case of Untermassfeld (Germany)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wil Roebroeks ◽  
Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser ◽  
Michael Baales ◽  
Ralf-Dietrich Kahlke
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Data Points

AbstractThe database regarding the earliest occupation of Europe has increased significantly in quantity and quality of data points over the last two decades, mainly through the addition of new sites as a result of long-term systematic excavations and large-scale prospections of Early and early Middle Pleistocene exposures. The site distribution pattern suggests an ephemeral presence of hominins in the south of Europe from around one million years ago, with occasional short northward expansions along the western coastal areas when temperate conditions permitted. From around 600,000-700,000 years ago Acheulean artefacts appear in Europe and somewhat later hominin presence seems to pick up, with more sites and now some also present in colder climatic settings. It is again only later, around 350,000 years ago, that the first sites show up in more continental, central parts of Europe, east of the Rhine. A series of recent papers on the Early Pleistocene palaeontological site of Untermassfeld (Germany) makes claims that are of great interest for studies of earliest Europe and are at odds with the described pattern: the papers suggest that Untermassfeld has yielded stone tools and humanly modified faunal remains, evidence for a one million years old hominin presence in European continental mid-latitudes, and additional evidence that hominins were well-established in Europe already around that time period. Here we evaluate these claims and demonstrate that these studies are severely flawed in terms of data on provenance of the materials studied and in the interpretation of faunal remains and lithics as testifying to a hominin presence at the site. In actual fact any reference to the Untermassfeld site as an archaeological one is unwarranted. Furthermore, it is not the only European Early Pleistocene site where inferred evidence for hominin presence is problematic. The strength of the spatiotemporal patterns of hominin presence and absence depend on the quality of the data points we work with, and data base maintenance, including critical evaluation of new sites, is crucial to advance our knowledge of the expansions and contractions of hominin ranges during the Pleistocene.

scholarly journals Influence of Bias Correcting Predictors on Statistical Downscaling Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Vrac ◽  
Pradeebane Vaittinada Ayar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Downscaling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Time Period

AbstractStatistical downscaling models (SDMs) and bias correction (BC) methods are commonly used to provide regional or debiased climate projections. However, most SDMs are utilized in a “perfect prognosis” context, meaning that they are calibrated on reanalysis predictors before being applied to GCM simulations. If the latter are biased, SDMs might suffer from discrepancies with observations and therefore provide unrealistic projections. It is then necessary to study the influence of applying bias correcting to large-scale predictors for SDMs, since it can have impacts on the local-scale simulations: such an investigation for daily temperature and precipitation is the goal of this study. Hence, four temperature and three precipitation SDMs are calibrated over a historical period. First, the SDMs are forced by historical predictors from two GCMs, corrected or not corrected. The two types of simulations are compared with reanalysis-driven SDM outputs to characterize the quality of the simulations. Second, changes in basic statistical properties of the raw GCM projections and those of the SDM simulations—driven by bias-corrected or raw predictors from GCM future projections—are compared. Third, the stationarity of the SDM changes brought by the BC of the predictors is investigated. Changes are computed over a historical (1976–2005) and future (2071–2100) time period and compared to assess the nonstationarity. Overall, BC can have impacts on the SDM simulations, although its influence varies from one SDM to another and from one GCM to another, with different spatial structures, and depends on the considered statistical properties. Nevertheless, corrected predictors generally improve the historical projections and can impact future evolutions with potentially strong nonstationary behaviors.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF NETWORK SURVIVABILITY USING THE EFFECTIVE REDUNDANCY DESIGN

SINERGI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Akhmad Wahyu Dani ◽  
Fadli Sirait ◽  
Fina Supegina ◽  
Rohilah Sahak ◽  
Kresna Jery Kusnanto
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Network Survivability ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Network System ◽  
Single Link ◽  
Redundancy Design ◽  
Bandwidth Capacity ◽  
Better Than

Network survivability is a very important issue due to the sustainability of the network services.  Failure in a network system conduce to disturbance of the network services and causes trouble to millions of applications.  Implement an effective redundancy design is one of method to cope nuisance in terms of sustainability in a network. In this paper, there are two design networks with and without redundancy respectively by Metro Ethernet-based technique to support transmission of data and voice. Furthermore, there is a validation performance of networks by measuring and comparing the throughput, latency and jitter between the two network designs. The value of bandwidth capacity is 100 Mbps as plan bandwidth link. Measurements results denote that network with redundancy design is able to enhance performance of the network, the parameters are: the throughput on single link tends to moderate (25%-50%), on the other hand, the throughput values on the main link and back uplink are in accordance with very good condition (75%-100%). The values of frame loss ratio 69.979% - 56.679% (single link), 6.77% -9.999% (main link) and 6.676 %-9.999% (back uplink). The values of jitter and latency in network with redundancy design are much better than in single link network. The recovery time for each frame length is ranging from 48.999ms to 49.887ms, where it is still meet with the standard that must below 50ms. Finally, when the main link in the network topology with redundancy design undergo link fails condition, the backup link is able to maintain the quality of network throughout that time, on the contrary, network topology without redundancy design is unable.

scholarly journals VISITOR SATISFACTION ATTENDING FESTIVAL IN BALI: CASE OF SANUR VILLAGE FESTIVAL 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Dewi Hendriyani
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Perceived Price ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Tourism Attractions

Festivals or special events have been one of the fastest developing tourism attractions in many countries. Bali as tourism destination have many activities on tourism event such as festivals or special events to attract more tourists to come every year. Sanur Village Festival (SVF) declared by the government as one of the top ten national tourism event in Indonesia. SVF is an annual event since 2006. Its community event founded by Sanur Development Foundation (YPS) which is a combination of several large-scale activities involving food festival, creative economy exhibition, various contests and competitions, art and cultural attractions, music as well as various types of environmentally-friendly activities. Quality of  activities and service on an event is dynamic conditions that relate to fullfill the visitors expectation. In tourism event, quality of activities and service becomes success parameter as indication of satisfaction. The aim of these research is to know the visitors satisfaction attending festival in Bali, case study of SVF 2018.  Sample of the research is visitors of SVF 2018 during period 22-26 August 2018 with total 135 respondents. The method of this research is quantitative method with analysis factor confirmatory using SPSS. Using teory from Crompton (2003) there are six factors and twenty six variables that were observed. The factors and variables  are convenience value (F1) through five variables, service value (F2) through six variabels, perceived price (F3) through four variables, aesthetic value (F4) through four variables, playful value (F5) through four variables and social value (F5) through three variables. Finding in this research about visitors satisfaction attending festival in Bali, case of SVF 2018 is in good condition according to the guest overall comments. The leading factor and variable are playfull value (F5) and X21 (enjoyable). The strategic implication that should be done by management of  SVF or Sanur Development Foundation to the result of reserach is to maintain what has been good and improve which one is unfavourable by make evaluation and standarization of work for all vendors/ suppliers that supported the festival.Festivals or special events have been one of the fastest developing tourism attractions in many countries. Bali as tourism destination have many activities on tourism event such as festivals or special events to attract more tourists to come every year. Sanur Village Festival (SVF) declared by the government as one of the top ten national tourism event in Indonesia. SVF is an annual event since 2006. Its community event founded by Sanur Development Foundation (YPS) which is a combination of several large-scale activities involving food festival, creative economy exhibition, various contests and competitions, art and cultural attractions, music as well as various types of environmentally-friendly activities. Quality of  activities and service on an event is dynamic conditions that relate to fullfill the visitors expectation. In tourism event, quality of activities and service becomes success parameter as indication of satisfaction. The aim of these research is to know the visitors satisfaction attending festival in Bali, case study of SVF 2018.  Sample of the research is visitors of SVF 2018 during period 22-26 August 2018 with total 135 respondents. The method of this research is quantitative method with analysis factor confirmatory using SPSS. Using teory from Crompton (2003) there are six factors and twenty six variables that were observed. The factors and variables  are convenience value (F1) through five variables, service value (F2) through six variabels, perceived price (F3) through four variables, aesthetic value (F4) through four variables, playful value (F5) through four variables and social value (F5) through three variables. Finding in this research about visitors satisfaction attending festival in Bali, case of SVF 2018 is in good condition according to the guest overall comments. The leading factor and variable are playfull value (F5) and X21 (enjoyable). The strategic implication that should be done by management of  SVF or Sanur Development Foundation to the result of reserach is to maintain what has been good and improve which one is unfavourable by make evaluation and standarization of work for all vendors/ suppliers that supported the festival.

scholarly journals Desarrollo costero y ambientes marino-costeros en Bahía Culebra, Guanacaste, Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Celeste Sánchez-Noguera ◽  
Carlos Jiménez ◽  
Jorge Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Aesthetic Quality ◽  
Environmental Programs ◽  
Time Period

Abstract: Coastal development and marine ecosystems in Culebra Bay, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Culebra Bay (North Pacific, Costa Rica) is under an accelerated process of coastal development since the implementation of the large-scale tourism development Gulf of Papagayo Project. This study aims to identify changes in the health status of marine ecosystems within the bay, during a 18yr time period (1993-2011). The high sanitary and aesthetic quality of this bay has remained constant through time. However, coral reefs are degraded and dead coral accounts for more than 65 % of benthic coverage, likely due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. During the study period, only one of the developers consortium has proved their commitment to accomplishing the goals of sustainable development, as established in the bay’s Master Plan, through the practice of social and environmental programs. Management of natural resources in Culebra Bay requires the implementation of specific actions to promote the ecosystems’ recovery, with inclusion of all stakeholders. It must consider the current use of natural resources and include water waste management and environmental education programs. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(Suppl. 1): S309-S327. Epub 2018 April 01. 

Simulating SST Teleconnections to Africa: What is the State of the Art?

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 5397-5418 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Rainfall Anomalies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Better Than

Abstract This study provides an overview of the state of the art of modeling SST teleconnections to Africa and begins to investigate the sources of error. Data are obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) archives, phases 3 and 5 (CMIP3 and CMIP5), using the “20C3M” and “historical” coupled model experiments. A systematic approach is adopted, with the scope narrowed to six large-scale regions of sub-Saharan Africa within which seasonal rainfall anomalies are reasonably coherent, along with six SST modes known to affect these regions. No significant nonstationarity of the strength of these 6 × 6 teleconnections is found in observations. The capability of models to represent each teleconnection is then assessed (whereby half the teleconnections have observed SST–rainfall correlations that differ significantly from zero). A few of these teleconnections are found to be relatively easy to model, while a few more pose substantial challenges to models and many others exhibit a wide variety of model skill. Furthermore, some models perform consistently better than others, with the best able to at least adequately simulate 80%–85% of the 36 teleconnections. No improvement is found between CMIP3 and CMIP5. Analysis of atmosphere-only simulations suggests that the coupled model teleconnection errors may arise primarily from errors in their SST climatology and variability, although errors in the atmospheric component of teleconnections also play a role. Last, no straightforward relationship is found between the quality of a model's teleconnection to Africa and its SST or rainfall biases or its resolution. Perhaps not surprisingly, the causes of these errors are complex, and will require considerable further investigation.

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