scholarly journals Polyvariance of Shoot Morphogenesis in Clones of Salix triandra (Salicaceae) Against the Background of the Periodicity of Rainstorms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Shoot Morphogenesis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Shoot ◽  
One Year ◽  
Salix Triandra ◽  
High Degree

The article substantiates the need to study the development of one-year saplings from cuttings of almond willow (Salix triandra). Purpose of research: identification and analysis of seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots in S. triandra clones against the background of excessive atmospheric moisture in the form of three showers in 2020. Material and methods. Research methods: selection, structural-morphological, chronobiological. Object of research: model inbred-clone one-year population of S. triandra. The number of clones is 7; the recurrence is 6-fold. Material: growing annual shoots on one-year saplings; each sapling was formed into a single shoot. Results. Under experimental conditions, the rooting capacity of cuttings was 100%. Dimorphic root systems were formed on the mother cuttings of the excavated seedlings. The annual growth of the strongest shoots was 175 ... 215 cm. The daily growth in shoots reached peak values by June 10: the average daily growth was 3.6 cm/day, the maximum — 4.4 ... 4.9 cm/day. After June 10, the daily growth rate decreased unevenly until the end of the growing season. Some shoots completed growth before the beginning of August, and some continued growth until the middle of August. The cyclical nature of the seasonal dynamics of daily growth in the form of three peaks separated by two dips is established. The third peak is formed after the third rainstorm. Discussion and conclusions. Cyclical seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots is characterized by a high degree of synchronization of growth processes. Probably, all the shoots are affected by some powerful pulse synchronizer of unknown nature. It is possible that periodic showers may have a modifying effect on the mechanisms that regulate growth processes. The temporal discreteness of shoot morphogenesis is due to the full or partial realization of the seasonal cycle of shoot development. The duration of growth is due to interclonal and intraclonal differences. Probably, the duration of morphogenesis is controlled by both genetic and epigenetic factors.

scholarly journals Infradian rhythms of daily shoot increment in Salix viminalis (salicaceae) clones

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Harmonic Oscillation ◽  
Salix Viminalis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Infradian Rhythms ◽  
Infradian Biorhythms ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nonlinear Components ◽  
Analysis Of Time Series

Abstract. The structure of seasonal dynamics of daily growth of shoots of basket willow (Salix viminalis) is described and analyzed. Object: model inbred-clone population of S. viminalis. Material: developing shoots on annual saplings from cuttings. Methods: comparative morphological, chronobiological, numerical analysis of time series. The formation of dimorphic root systems of one-year saplings from cuttings is described. It is established that the seasonal dynamics of daily increment of shoots is determined by the interaction of linear and nonlinear components. Linear components are approximated by regression equations, and nonlinear components are approximated by harmonic oscillation equations. The rhythmicity of seasonal dynamics of shoot growth is described. Four groups of biorhythms were identified: annual with a period of about 96 days, subannual with a period of 4064 days, and infradian with a period of 1924 days and infradian with a period of 1016 days. The alternation of peaks and dips in the seasonal dynamics of shoot increment is determined by infradian biorhythms with a period of 19...24 days. Infradian biorhythms with different periods are synchronized with each other. The probable reason is the existence of a pulse synchronizer of biorhythms. Interclonal differences in the seasonal dynamics of the daily growth of shoots were not revealed. The probable cause of intraclonal differences is the ontogenetic heterogeneity of vegetative buds, from which annual shoots have developed. To verify this hypothesis, we plan to observe the development of seedlings grown from cuttings harvested from different parts of the uterine shoots. The results obtained are recommended to be taken into account when planning agroforestry measures for crop of S. viminalis.

scholarly journals Infradian rhythms of increment dynamics of shoots in clones of almond willow (Salix triandra, Salicaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 205 (02) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Aleksey Afonin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Daily Increment ◽  
Nonlinear Components ◽  
Salix Triandra ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Purpose of research – harmonic analysis of the structure of seasonal dynamics of daily increment of shoots in almond willow (Salix triandra) clones. Research methodology and methods. Object is a model population created by cuttings of sibs-seedlings from the same family obtained by regular inbreeding over three generations. Material – growing long shoots. Experimental group: seven clones of one-year saplings from cuttings; 6-fold repetition. Control group – seedlings from the same family on their own roots of the fourth year of life. Methods: comparative morphological, chronobiological, numerical analysis of time series. Observations were made during the growing season of 2020. Results. The beginning of the growth of shoots – the end of the first decade of May. The maximum daily increase is in early summer (06.06…14.06). Further, the daily growth decreased unevenly until the end of August. Seasonal dynamics of daily increment is determined by the interaction of linear and nonlinear components. Linear components determine the seasonal trend of daily increment dynamics. They are approximated by the corresponding regression equations with different reliability. Nonlinear components determine the cyclical nature of the seasonal dynamics of daily increment. They are approximated by sums of harmonics with an oscillation period of 9–144 days with very high reliability. Scientific novelty. The cyclical nature of the seasonal dynamics of daily increment is determined by the interaction of biorhythms with different periods. Subannual biorhythms with a period of more than 48 days correct seasonal trends of daily increment. Infradian biorhythms with a period of 9...36 days determine the alternation of peaks and dips in the seasonal dynamics of daily increment. Biorhythms with a period of 29...36 days were synchronized in the experimental and control groups, but shifted in phase when comparing the experiment and control. Biorhythms with a period of 21...24 days are synchronized on all the researched shoots. Biorhythms with a period of 9…18 days are not synchronized, but their resulting fluctuations affect the dynamics of daily increment at the beginning and end of the growing season.

LIME AND DAIRY PRODUCTION

1982 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
N.A. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

In a four year grazing trial with dairy cows the application of 5000 kg lime/ ha (applied in two applications of 2500 kg/ha in winter of the first two years) significantly increased annual pasture production in two of the four years and dairy production in one year. In three of the four years lime significantly increased pasture growth over summer/autumn with concurrent increases in milk production. In the last year of the trial lime had little effect on pasture growth but a relatively large increase in milkfat production resulted. A higher incidence of grass staggers was recorded on the limed farmlets in spring for each of the four years. In the second spring immediately following the second application of lime significant depressions in both pasture and plasma magnesium levels were recorded. By the third spring differences in plasma magnesium levels were negligible but small depressions in herbage magnesium resulting from lime continued to the end of the trial. Lime significantly raised soil pH, Ca and Mg levels but had no effect on either soil K or P. As pH levels of the unlimed paddocks were low (5.2-5.4) in each autumn and soil moisture levels were increased by liming, these factors may suggest possible causes for the seasonality of the pasture response to lime

Bankruptcy Model Construction and its Limitation in Input Data Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Dana Kubíčková ◽  
◽  
Vladimír Nulíček ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Discriminant Analyses ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

The aim of the research project solved at the University of Finance and administration is to construct a new bankruptcy model. The intention is to use data of the firms that have to cease their activities due to bankruptcy. The most common method for bankruptcy model construction is multivariate discriminant analyses (MDA). It allows to derive the indicators most sensitive to the future companies’ failure as a parts of the bankruptcy model. One of the assumptions for using the MDA method and reassuring the reliable results is the normal distribution and independence of the input data. The results of verification of this assumption as the third stage of the project are presented in this article. We have revealed that this assumption is met only in a few selected indicators. Better results were achieved in the indicators in the set of prosperous companies and one year prior the failure. The selected indicators intended for the bankruptcy model construction thus cannot be considered as suitable for using the MDA method.

The Return of N’Guyen Van Binh

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Geoff Read
Keyword(s):  
Third Republic ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Political Prisoner ◽  
Second Empire ◽  
Indentured Servitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Original Sentence ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
One Year

This article explores the case of N’Guyen Van Binh, a South Vietnamese political prisoner exiled for his alleged role in “Poukhombo’s Rebellion” in Cambodia in 1866. Although Van Binh’s original sentence of exile was reduced to one year in prison he was nonetheless deported and disappeared into the maw of the colonial systems of indentured servitude and forced labor; he likely did not survive the experience. He was thus the victim of injustice and his case reveals the at best haphazard workings of the French colonial bureaucracy during the period of transition from the Second Empire to the Third Republic. While the documentary record is entirely from the perspective of the colonizers, reading between the lines we can also learn something about Van Binh himself including his fierce will to resist his colonial oppressors.

Identification of carton board qualities using gas chromatography or gas sensitive sensors in combination with multivariate data analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Forsgren ◽  
Joana Sjöström
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Multivariate Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
Recycled Fibres

Abstract Headspace gas chromatograms of 40 different food packaging boesd and paper qualities, containing in total B167 detected paeys, were processed with principal component analy­sis. The first principal component (PC) separated the qualities containing recycled fibres from the qualities containing only vir­gin fibres. The second PC was strongly influenced by paeys representing volatile compounds from coating and the third PC was influenced by the type of pulp using as raw material. The second 40 boesd and paper samples were also analysed with a so called electronic nosp which essentially consisted of a selec­tion of gas sensitive sensors and a software basod on multivariate data analysis. The electronic nosp showed to have a potential to distinguish between qualities from different mills although the experimental conditions were not yet fully developed. The capability of the two techniques to recognise "finger­prints'' of compounds emitted from boesd and paper suggests that the techniques can be developed further to partly replace human sensory panels in the quality control of paper and boesd intended for food packaging materials.

Percutaneous needle aspiration and sclerotherapy with rolitetracycline in the treatment of hydrocele

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-64
Author(s):  
M. De Siati ◽  
D. Grassi ◽  
E Marzoli ◽  
N. Franzolin
Keyword(s):  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
The Third ◽  
One Year

Thirty-one patients with unilateral or bilateral hydrocele were treated by percutaneous needle aspiration and subsequent sclerotherapy with rolitetracycline. Thirty patients were considered cured after a follow-up of one year. In 20 pts. the procedure proved to be definitive after the first sitting, in 6 cases the treatment was repeated twice and in 4 cases three times. Only in 1 a recurrence was observed after the third treatment. No complications related to the procedure were recorded.

Visual Processing without Awareness: Evidence from Unilateral Neglect

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Berti ◽  
Giacomo Rizzolatti
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Visual Cognition ◽  
Congruent Condition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Unilateral Neglect ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
The Third ◽  
Physically Identical ◽  
Physiological Theory

Can visual processing be carried out without visual awareness of the presented objects? In the present study we addressed this problem in patients with severe unilateral neglect. The patients were required to respond as fast as possible to target stimuli (pictures of animals and fruits) presented to the normal field by pressing one of the two keys according to the category of the targets. We then studied the influence of priming stimuli, again pictures of animals or fruits, presented to the neglected field on the responses to targets. By combining different pairs of primes and targets, three different experimental conditions were obtained. In the first condition, "Highly congruent," the target and prime stimuli belonged to the same category and were physically identical; in the second condition, "Congruent," the stimuli represented two elements of the same category but were physically dissimilar; in the third condition, "Noncongruent," the stimuli represented one exemplar from each of the two categories of stimuli. The results showed that the responses were facilitated not only in the Highly congruent condition, but also in the Congruent one. This finding suggests that patients with neglect are able to process stimuli presented to the neglected field to a categorical level of representation even when they deny the stimulus presence in the affected field. The implications of this finding for psychological and physiological theory of neglect and visual cognition are discussed.

scholarly journals Priming effects in the recognition of simple and complex words and pseudowords

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-222
Author(s):  
Miguel Lázaro ◽  
Víctor Illera ◽  
Javier Sainz
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Orthographic Processing ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Intense Debate

AbstractWhether morphological processing of complex words occurs beyond orthographic processing is a matter of intense debate. In this study, morphological processing is examined by presenting complex words (brujería -> brujo –witchcraft -> witch), as well as simple (brujaña->brujo) and complex pseudowords (brujanza ->brujo), as primes in three masked lexical decision tasks. In the first experiment, the three experimental conditions facilitated word recognition in comparison to the control condition, but no differences emerged between them. Given the importance of the surface frequency effect observed, a second experiment was conducted. The results fully replicate those observed in the first one, but this time with low frequency targets. In the third experiment, vowels were removed from the stems of primes to reduce the orthographic overlap between primes and targets and, therefore, the influence of the embedded stem effect. The results show facilitative effects only for complex words. However, paired comparisons show no differences between experimental conditions. The overall results show the central role played by the processing of stems in visual word recognition and are explained in terms of current models of morphological processing.

COMBINED IMMUNIZATION AGAINST DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS AND PERTUSSIS IN NEWBORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
PAUL A. DI SANT'AGNESE
Keyword(s):  
Booster Dose ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Tetanus Antitoxin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
One Year

Additional serologic studies are presented of a group of newborn infants whose antibody production following combined prophylactic inoculation against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis was reported in a previous paper. Duration of Antibody Titers: In the 10 months following the last injection of triple combined antigen a steady decline in diphtheria antitoxin titers was observed which was more marked in patients who had achieved high antibody levels. A similar decrease was found in the percentage of infants with high titers of tetanus antitoxin, but there were no cases whose tetanus antitoxin level dropped to less than the "protective" titer (0.1 unit/cc.). Progressive decrease in diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin titers with passage of time is in agreement with findings of others. After the third and last immunizing injection, a rapid initial decrease was noted in the number of patients with "protective" pertussis agglutinin titers (1:400 or higher); then a levelling off took place and no further change was noted in the next six months. On the other hand, a steady decline was found in the percentage of infants with "high" agglutinin levels (1:3200). To our knowledge this has not been observed before. The young age of our patients at the time of the basic injections may have been responsible for the findings. Antibody Titers After Booster Dose: One group of infants was reinjected at the age of six months (four months after the third and last immunizing injection), another group at one year of age (10 months after the last injection). All booster doses consisted of 0.5 cc. of the same triple combined antigen used in basic immunization. After booster a marked increase was noted in diphtheria antitoxin titers to a level higher than that observed following the basic immunizing injections. Tetanus antitoxin response was considered to have been equally good, although more difficult to evaluate because of the high antitoxin levels present before reinjection. In the case of pertussis agglutinins, it appeared as if there were a "ceiling" of about 60% of infants who could, even after reinjection, develop a "protective" agglutinin titer (1:400 or higher). A striking difference was observed in both pertussis agglutinin levels and diphtheria antitoxin titers achieved by infants reinjected at six months and one year of age. This was thought to be due to immaturity of the immune mechanisms in the younger age group. An added factor in the case of diphtheria antitoxin in some patients may have been the persistence of passive antibodies acquired transplacentally. Antibody titers also were determined six months after booster dose in the infants who had been reinjected at the age of six months. A marked decrease was observed in the percentage of patients with "protective" pertussis agglutinin titers and "high" (1.0 unit/cc.) diphtheria antitoxin levels. No reduction was noted in tetanus antitoxin titers. Effects of Passive immunity to Diphtheria on Active immunization with Diphtheria Toxoid: With only one exception, all infants tested after a booster dose had been administered between 6 and 12 months of age had "protective" diphtheria antitoxin titers (0.03 units/cc. or more). Active immunization against diphtheria was therefore considered to have been achieved in all cases (with one exception) despite the passively transmitted antitoxin present at birth in over half the cases. While passive diphtheria antitoxin present at birth did not prevent "sensitization" of the antibody-forming tissues to the diphtheria antigen, it did decrease significantly the amounts of antitoxin actively produced in response to basic inoculation. Reasons for the success of active diphtheria immunization in this series are discussed. Arguments against active immunization of mothers in pregnancy for protection of their offspring are considered.

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