scholarly journals Differential Morphophysiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Responses of Maize Hybrids to Salinity and Alkalinity Stresses

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1150
Author(s):  
Arooj Fatima ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
Sadam Hussain ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
Umair Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Genetic Responses ◽  
H2o2 Level

Salinity and alkalinity stresses are common in arid and semiarid climates. Both these stresses not only retard crop growth but also cause a severe reduction in yields. The present experiment was performed to investigate the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of two maize hybrids (FH-1231 and DK-6714) to salinity and alkalinity stresses. The treatments were comprised of salt stress (NaCl:Na2SO4 at a 9:1 ratio), alkaline stress (NaHCO3:Na2CO3 at a 9:1 ratio), and an unstressed control. The results indicated that salinity and alkalinity significantly reduced shoot fresh weight by 50% and 70%, root fresh weight by 38% and 50%, root dry weight by 69% and 93%, seedling length by 18% and 30%, number of leaves by 27% and 39%, and maximum leaf width by 17% and 24%, respectively, across the two hybrids compared with control, indicating that alkalinity had a greater effect than salinity. Likewise, both the stresses, particularly alkalinity, significantly decreased K+ ion accumulation and chlorophyll content and increased the lipid peroxidation rate, sodium (Na+) concentration, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Salinity and alkalinity stresses also induced the expression levels of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, POD, APX); however, salinity showed less effect than alkalinity stress. Similarly, hybrid DK-6714 performed comparatively better than FH-1231 with regard to seedling growth, antioxidant activities, and biochemical attributes under stress conditions. Thus, DK-6714 is recommended as a suitable hybrid for soils affected with salt-alkalization.

scholarly journals Growth and Biochemical Variations in Macrotyloma Uniflorum Var. Madhu Under Chromium Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpee Dhali ◽  
, Madhusmit, Pradhan ◽  
Ranjan Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Chinmay Pradhan ◽  
Santanu Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

The discharge of contaminated mining and industrial residues has become a major cause of environmental pollution. Seed is highly protective against external metal stresses. But they are highly sensitive during vegetative developmental process. In this study, germination was conducted in Macrotyloma uniflorum var. Madhu, in order to find out the effect of chromium toxicity on germination, growth and biochemical variations. The seeds were germinated in five different concentrations of chromium (25ìM, 50ìM, 100ìM, 150ìM and 200 ìM) solution. The hydroponically grown plants revealed the toxic phenotypic expression (root length, shoot length, seedling length, shoot vigor index, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight) of plant after 3 growth stage (15 d, 30 d and 45 d). Similarly biochemical characteristics as well as antioxidant activities (Chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, catalase, proline content and peroxidase) were studied to see the toxic effect of chromium.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Extract Originated from Different Part of Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) on Growth of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Alireza PIRZAD ◽  
Mousa JAMALI ◽  
Mohammad Amin ZAREH ◽  
Fahime SHOKRANI
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Russian Knapweed ◽  
Seedling Length

To evaluate probable allelopathic effect of water extract originated from different parts of russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) on growth of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at greenhouse condition in 2011. Treatments were water extract concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent) obtained from different part of russian knapweed (aerial part, flower and root). Results showed the significant effect of extract type on seedling length, and extract concentration on shoot length, root length and seedling length. Interaction effect between extract type and concentration on the ratio of root/shoot length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight and germination percentage was significant, too. Means comparison indicated that the longest root (3.55 cm), shoot (4.65 cm) and seedling (8.20 cm) were obtained from control treatment, reducing with higher concentration of extract. The longest shoot (6.95 cm) belonged to extract originated from russian knapweed flowers. The highest ratio of root/shoot length (0.73), seedling fresh weight (0.61g) and seedling dry weight (0.044 g) belonged to control treatment. In general, increasing of extract concentration caused in reduction of germination and seedling traits. Meanwhile, extracts of aerial part had more sever reducing effect than root and flower extracts.

scholarly journals The Hormonal Seed Priming in Relation to Carrot Germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Filza Ghafoor ◽  
Sana Liaqat ◽  
Waseem Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Seedling Length

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment used to reduce stress effects in crops .This technique has been used to increase the germination rate of seeds mainly under unfavorable environmental condition. Crop productivity faces many problems like that unavailability of suitable condition that causes unbalanced seedling growth and poor germination. Hormones are essential to improve plant growth, development, crop yield quality and quantity. Auxin is essential hormones that improves germination of seeds and reduce stress effects. Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed priming using different concentrations of IAA and IBA on carrot seeds (Daucus carota). In laboratory experiment, three concentrations of IAA and IBA (75 ppm, 50ppm, 25ppm) treated with distilled water with priming duration of 24 hours. Experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. Data was collected to investigate the effect of seed priming with IAA and IBA under these condition like that (fresh weight, dry weight, speed of germination, root length, seed length, seedling length, final germination rate, mean germination time and dry matter content). Maximum fresh weight, final germination percentage, seedling length, energy of germination, speed of germination and mean germination rate was recorded IBA 75ppm. Maximum dry weight and dry matter content was observed IBA 25ppm.Maximum shoot length was recorded IBA 50ppm. Non-significant difference was recorded in root length.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of salad Crimean onion

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
N. A. Golubkina ◽  
V. I. Nemtinov ◽  
Yu. N. Kostanchuk ◽  
G. Caruso ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Onion Cultivar

Relevance. Allium cepa L. is considered to be one of the most important agricultural crops in most countries of the world. High nutritional value is especially pronounced in salad onion which vegetation needs high temperature and significant insulation.Material and methods. The first biochemical characteristics are given for 9 Crimean salad onion genotypes and varieties (red onions Festivalny, Yaltinsky plus, Yaltinsky foros, Yaltinsky rybin, Yaltinsky 6А, Yaltinsky 7А, Yaltinsky 8А and yellow cultivars Kendy and Bean promine) with the comparison with the appropriate data for popular Italian sweet onion cultivar Tropea and semi-pungent varieties grown in Moscow region, Italy and Stavropol region (Zolotnichok, Cherny prince).Results. Warm climate is shown to increase the amount of antioxidants, monosaccharides and organic acids in onion bulbs. Compared to the Italian Tropea variety Crimean genotypes were characterized by higher levels of ascorbic acid (12.8±1.4 mg/100 g fresh weight) and organic acids (1.58±0.03 mg malic acid per g of dry weight), relatively similar levels of polyphenols (21.0±2.3 mg-eq Gallic acid per g of dry weight), and quercetine. (3.09±0.42 mg-eq Gallic acid per g of dry weight) and antocyanines (2.78±1.03 mg/g fresh weight). New genotypes Yaltinsky 6A, Yaltinsky 7A, Yaltinsky 8A were shown to accumulate higher levels of antioxidants. A direct correlation between the peel/inner layers ratio of antioxidant activities with the appropriate ratio for polyphenols was demonstrated (r=+0.93). A direct correlation between flavonoids content in peel and inner layers was also revealed (r=+0.83). Polyphenols and flavonoids ratios between peel and inner layers were shown to be higher for the Crimean genotypes compared to semi-pungent Moscow region varieties which indicates the prospects of utilization of the Crimean onion peel in production of functional food products with elevated levels of antioxidants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of allelopathic effect of Carthamus Oxyacantha against wheat and maize seed germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 814-818
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Powder Extract

Effect of Carthamusoxyacantha powder aqueous extract on seed germination of Wheat and Maize were studied. Powder extract of 3g, 6g and 9g of concentration were soaked in distilled water for 12 Hrs, 24 Hrs and 36 Hrs of time. The seeds of Wheat and Maize were germinated in Petri dishes. Control was maintained by watering the seeds with distilled water. The highest values for germination percentage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, seedling length, vigor index and seedling weight vigor index were recorded in control of wheat the above parameter decreased with increasing concentration and timing. While in maize highest values for the above parameters were recorded in treatments as compared to control.

scholarly journals Effect of acid stress on germination and early seedling growth of red clover

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mandic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
M. Zujovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Stress ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling

The aim of this investigation was to estimate the effect of four pH levels of germination media (4, 5, 6 and 7) on seed germination energy (GE), germination (G), percentage of dead or infected seeds (DIS), percentage of hard seed (HS), normal (NS) and abnormal seedlings (AS), root length (RL), shoot length (ShL), seedling length (SeL), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of seedling, and seedling vigor index (SVI) in two red clover genotypes (cv. K-17 and cv. Kolubara). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory conditions of the Institute for Animal Husbandry in Belgrade in January 2011. The pH levels of germination media had significant effect on the NS (P<0.01), AS (P<0.01), RL (P<0.05), ShL (P<0.01), SeL (P<0.01), FW (P<0.01) and SVI (P<0.05). The lowest GE, G, NS, ShL, SeL, FW and SVI were found at pH 4. Also, the highest DIS, HS and AS were found at pH 4. The genotype had significant effect on HS (P<0.01), RL (P<0.01), ShL (P<0.01), SeL (P<0.01), FW (P<0.01) and SVI (P<0.01). Genotype and pH levels of germination media did not affect on GE, G, DIS and DW significantly.

scholarly journals Effect of Leaf Positions on Total Phenolics, Flavonoids and Proanthocyanidins Content and Antioxidant Activities in Lantana Camara (L)

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepita Bhakta ◽  
Deepak Ganjewala
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Fresh Weight

Changes in the level of phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins with leaf positions were studied in L. camara twigs. Leaves at different positions (from apex to base) in a twig represented gradient increase in the leaf age, apical being the youngest leaves. The study showed that the fresh weight, dry weight and area of the leaves increased rapidly from I until IV position in a twig. Levels of phenolics remained unchanged from I to V leaf position, while a sharp increase in the levels of proanthocyanidins and flavonoids was observed during I to III leaf position which decreased markedly thereafter. At any leaf position in a twig, the level of proanthocynidin was higher than both phenolics and flavonoids, while the proportion of flavonoids was much higher than the phenolics. In fact, phenolics were present in very small amounts. In addition, antioxidant potential of leaves extracts was measured in terms of reducing and scavenging activity. The study revealed that extracts prepared from leaves present from I to III position exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities than the leaves present from IV to V position. The study thus revealed that leaf positions (age) influence the level of secondary metabolites and thereby their antioxidant properties. Keywords: Antioxidant; Flavonoids; Lantana camara; Phenolics; Proanthocynidins.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.1873

Allelopathic Effect of Lantana (Lantana camara) and Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) on Selected Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail B. Sahid ◽  
John B. Sugau
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Germination And Growth

Laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies were conducted to determine the allelopathic potential of lantana and Siam weed on the germination and growth of five crops. Emergence and dry weight of bioassay species were affected when lantana or Siam weed debris was present on the soil surface or incorporated into the soil. However, presence of Siam weed on the soil surface did not affect dry weight of rape. Emergence and dry weight of crops (except emergence of spinach) were not affected when crops were grown in soil samples collected from beneath field-grown lantana. Dry weight of Chinese cabbage and chilli was reduced when these crops were grown in Siam weed-contaminated soil. Germination of Chinese cabbage, chilli, and rape decreased progressively when exposed to increasing concentrations of aqueous lantana extract. However, the lantana extract at full strength (66.7 g L−1) did not reduce germination of spinach and cucumber seed. Siam weed extract, when applied at full strength to seed of spinach, Chinese cabbage, rape, and chilli, reduced germination by 10, 12, 21, and 19% of control, respectively. Full-strength extract of lantana and Siam weed decreased seedling length and fresh weight of all crops.

scholarly journals Lead-Tolerant Bacillus Strains Promote Growth and Antioxidant Activities of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Treated with Sewage Water

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2482
Author(s):  
Najm-ul-Seher ◽  
Maqshoof Ahmad ◽  
Iqra Ahmad ◽  
Farheen Nazli ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Bacillus Strains

Irrigation with sewage-contaminated water poses a serious threat to food security, particularly in developing countries. Heavy metal tolerant bacteria are sustainable alternatives for the removal of wastewater contaminants. In the present study, four lead (Pb)-tolerant strains viz. Bacillus megaterium (N8), Bacillus safensis (N11), Bacillus sp. (N18), and Bacillus megaterium (N29) were inoculated in spinach and grown in sewage water treated earthen pots separately and in combination with canal water. Results showed that Pb-tolerant strains significantly improved plant growth and antioxidant activities in spinach and reduces metal concentration in roots and leaves of spinach plants irrigated with treated wastewater. Strain Bacillus sp. (N18) followed by B. safensis (N11) caused the maximum increase in shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and leaf area compared to the uninoculated control of sewage water treated plants. These strains also improved antioxidant enzymatic activity including catalase, guaiacol peroxidase dismutase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidases activities compared to the uninoculated control under sewage water conditions. Strain Bacillus sp. (N18) followed by B. safensis (N11) showed the highest reduction in nickel, cadmium, chromium, and Pb contents in roots and leaves of spinach compared to the uninoculated control plants treated with the sewage water. Such potential Pb-tolerant Bacillus strains could be recommended for the growth promotion of spinach after extensive evaluation under field conditions contaminated with wastewater.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seed Emergence, Seedling Vigor Enhancement of Some Populations from Satureja bachtiarica with Chemical, Mechanical and Physiological Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
M. A. Alizadeh ◽  
H.A. Arab ◽  
R. Tabaie ◽  
M. Nasiri ◽  
A.A. Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Satureja Bachtiarica

Abstract The seeds of 3 populations from Satureja bachtiarica were collected from three native vegetation areas (Simirom2, Sharkord and Yazd). The different treatments including: cold stratification, gibberlic acid (50 and 100 ppm) Potassium nitrate (0.2 and 0.4 percent). Physical scarification (sand paper), chemical scarification (Ethylic alcohol %70) and distilled water (control) were used for breaking dormancy of the seed samples. For greenhouse experiment, the seed samples were treated with treatments and then were sown in pots using randomize design with three replications. Emergence percentage, emergence speed, length of root and shoot, seedling length, root/shoot length ratio, vigor index, seedling fresh and dry weight, dry/fresh weight ratio were evaluated during 45 days of experiment. Comparing of population Semirom2 form savory of Bachtiary was higher than other population. It was concluded that effect of gibberlic acid and potassium nitrate was higher than physical scarification and chemical scarification comparing with control.

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