scholarly journals The Concentration-Dependent Effects of Essential Oils on the Growth of Fusarium graminearum and Mycotoxins Biosynthesis in Wheat and Maize Grain

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Daniela Gwiazdowska ◽  
Katarzyna Marchwińska ◽  
Krzysztof Juś ◽  
Pascaline Aimee Uwineza ◽  
Romuald Gwiazdowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Mycotoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

The presence of Fusarium fungi and their toxic metabolites in agricultural crops contributes to significant quantitative and qualitative losses of crops, causing a direct threat to human and animal health and life. Modern strategies for reducing the level of fungi and mycotoxins in the food chain tend to rely on natural methods, including plant substances. Essential oils (EOs), due to their complex chemical composition, show high biological activity, including fungistatic properties, which means that they exhibit high potential as a biological plant protection factor. The aim of this study was to determine the fungistatic activity of three EOs against F. graminearum, and the reduction of mycotoxin biosynthesis in corn and wheat grain. All tested EOs effectively suppressed the growth of F. graminearum in concentrations of 5% and 10%. Cinnamon and verbena EOs also effectively reduced the ergosterol (ERG) content in both grains at the concentration of 1%, while at the 0.1% EO concentration, the reduction in the ERG amount depended on the EO type as well as on the grain. The degree of zearalenone (ZEA) reduction was consistent with the inhibition of ERG biosynthesis, while the reduction in deoxynivalenol (DON) was not consistent with this parameter.

scholarly journals Impact of essential oils on the development of pathogens of the Fusarium genus and germination parameters of selected crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 884-893
Author(s):  
Monika Grzanka ◽  
Łukasz Sobiech ◽  
Jakub Danielewicz ◽  
Joanna Horoszkiewicz-Janka ◽  
Grzegorz Skrzypczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Germination Parameters

Abstract Fungal pathogens can significantly reduce the potential yield of agricultural crops, especially cereals. One of the most dangerous are pathogens of the Fusarium genus. They contribute to the infestation of plants, reduction of yields, and contamination of agricultural crops with mycotoxins, which are harmful to human beings and animal health. The absence of active substances, the problem of pathogen resistance to fungicides, and the pressure of society to limit the use of chemical plant protection products are the most important issues in agriculture. This has resulted in research aimed at finding natural methods to control plant pathogens gaining importance. One of them is the use of essential oils. In laboratory experiments, clove essential oil and pine essential oil were used. The influence of different concentrations of the above-mentioned substances on the development of the mycelium of Fusarium species (F. equiseti, F. poae, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum) was analyzed and the germination of wheat and maize seeds infected with the pathogens of the genus Fusarium was assessed. Clove oil significantly inhibited the growth of mycelium of the Fusarium species and reduced germination parameters than pine oil.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

scholarly journals Solid Dispersions of Anthelmintics and Plant Protection Preparations

Solids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Salavat S. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Poorly Soluble

Because of the rapid development of nanotechnologies, materials, in particular, solid dispersions (SDs), which are actively introduced into the life of modern man, have been obtained. Special progress in this area is observed in industry and medicine. The use of SDs in agriculture is lagging far behind, despite the growing number of scientific papers on this topic. At the same time, the prospects for the introduction of SDs in the agro-industrial complex are obvious. The review presents the results of research on the development of innovative preparations based on SD to protect plants from diseases and pests of cultivated plants, as well as parasiticides to protect animal health based on modern achievements of nanotechnology. One of these technologies is the methods of mechanochemistry, which improve the properties of poorly soluble biologically active substances by their joint mechanical treatment with water-soluble polymers and auxiliary substances.

PSVII-24 Blend of essential oils plus 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 as alternative to the use monensin on growth performance and dietary energetics in feedlot cattle raised under high ambient temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
Daniel Mendoza-Cortés ◽  
Jorge L Ramos-Méndez ◽  
Adrián Félix-Bernal ◽  
Alfredo Estrada-Angulo ◽  
Manuel Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Final Weight

Abstract Ninety young crossbreed bulls (approximately 25% Zebu breeding with the remainder represented by continental and British breeds in various proportions, initial weight=228.04±7.06 kg) were used in a 84-day feeding trial to assess the effects of treatments in feedlot cattle fed transition diets during high ambient temperatures. Treatments consisted of a steam-flaked corn-based diets (average 1.95 Mcal ENm/kg) supplemented with: 1) 20 mg monensin/kg diet (MON, Rumensin, Elanco Animal Health, Indianapolis, IN], and 2) 100 mg of blend of essential oils /kg diet plus 0.1 mg 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3/kg diet (EO+HyD; CRINA® Ruminants and HyD®, DSM Nutritional Products, Basel, Switzerland). Both dry matter intake (DMI) and climatic variables were measured daily and the temperature humidity index (THI) was estimated. Daily maximal THI remained over 80 during the whole trial (avg. THI = 82.67). Cattle supplemented with EO+HyD increased average daily gain in 8.7% (1.446 vs. 1.320 kg/day, P < 0.01), gain-to-fed ratio in 4.5% (0.199 vs. 0.190; P = 0.03), final weight in 10.05 kg (349.48 vs. 339.43; P = 0.04) and tended (P = 0.07) to shown greater dietary net energy (2.5%) and observed-to-expected dietary NE ratio (3%). Even when EO+HyD tended to increase (4.3%; P = 0.06) DM intake, intake pattern variation were not different (P = 0.38) between MON and EO+HyD (Figure 1). Then, difference in ADG and final BW between MON and EO+HyD was not only a reflection of difference in energy intake, was also caused by difference in efficiency of energy utilization during conditions of high ambient temperature (a reduction of 7% in the estimated increase of coefficient of maintenance by heat load). Results indicate that supplementation with a combination of essential oil blend plus 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 can have greater beneficial effects than supplemental monensin on daily weight gain, final weight and feed intake during initiation-transition phase of cattle raised under high ambient temperature.

scholarly journals FUMIGATION TOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) IN STORED MAIZE GRAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALDEANY NÚBIA DE SOUZA ◽  
CARLOS ROMERO FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
CLÁUDIA HELENA CYSNEIROS MATOS ◽  
DAIANY KEILA FLORENTINO DE ALMEIDA
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Fumigation Toxicity

ABSTRACT: The Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a primary pest of stored grains in many regions of the world. In this work we evaluated the fumigant activity of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Citrus aurantium L., Mentha spicata L. and Croton pulegiodorus Baill on adult R. dominica in stored maize. Tests were conducted to determine lethals concentrations (CL50 and CL100) and mortality (fumigation).The fumigation test was done in containers made of glass containing 10 individuals of R. dominica, where essential oils were applied at different concentrations: O. basilicum and M. spicata (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40µL/L of air), C. aurantium (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60µL/L of air) and C. pulegiodorus (0, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 90µL/L of air). After 48 hours of exposure to the oils the percentage of insect mortality was evaluated. According to LC50 and LC100 the toxicity of essential oils decreased in the following order: O. basilicum> M. spicata> C. pulegiodorus> C. aurantium. The essential oil of O. basilicum exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against R. dominica adults, with a LC50 value of 17.67 µL/L air and LC100 value of 27.15 µL/L air. The C. aurantium essential oil required higher concentrations than O. basilicum, M. spicata and C. pulegiodorus to kill insects. However, all oils evaluated presented fumigating property to promote the control of R. dominica and demonstrated potential use in the management of this coleoptera.

scholarly journals Antifungal activities of thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones against mycotoxigenic fungi

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojane de Oliveira Paiva ◽  
Lucimar Ferreira Kneipp ◽  
Carla Marins Goular ◽  
Mariana Almeida Albuquerque ◽  
Aurea Echevarria
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Chelating Effect

Mycotoxigenic fungi can compromise the quality of food, exposing human and animal health at risk. The antifungal activity of eight thiosemicarbazones (1-8) and nine semicarbazones (9-17) was evaluated against Aspergillus flavus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus and Fusarium verticillioides. Thiosemicarbazones had MIC values of 125-500 µg/ml. The thiosemicarbazones 1 and 2 exerted fungistatic activity against Aspergillus spp., and thiosemicarbazone 2 exerted fungicidal activity against F. verticillioides. Compound 2 showed an iron chelating effect of 63%. The ergosterol content of A. parasiticus had a decrease of 28 and 71% for the 31.2 and 62.5 µg/ml concentrations of thiosemicarbazone 2 compared to the control. The obtained results of antifungal activity revealed that thiosemicarbazone class was more active when compared to semicarbazone class and, the thiosemicarbazone 2 was the most active compound, specially, against Aspergillus spp.

Microbial Antagonists in Animal Health Promotion and Plant Protection

2009 ◽  
pp. 193-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Klose ◽  
Markus Neureiter ◽  
Michaela Mohnl ◽  
Herbert Danner ◽  
Christina Donat
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health

scholarly journals Federal legal authorities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhoset Burgos-Rodríguez ◽  
Stanley W. Burgiel
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
The Us ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
Subnational Governance

AbstractThe ability of federal agencies to carry out actions or programs is based on their legal authorities. Efforts to improve federal capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) require careful delineation of legal authorities, regulations, and policies that would enable or limit EDRR. Building on information provided by federal agencies and an inspection of the US Code and the Code of Federal Regulations, we review and identify relevant authorities to determine federal legal capacities, gaps, and inconsistencies to address EDRR. The EDRR process can be examined in the context of four categories, including (1) explicit invasive species authorities, (2) emergency authorities that could be triggered during a crisis or serve as models for enhanced invasive species EDRR authorities, (3) supporting authorities that could be used under agency discretion, and (4) constraining authorities and legal requirements. Although the Plant Protection Act and the Animal Health Protection Act are comprehensive authorities that address the detection of and response to organisms that threaten plant and livestock health, there is no single authority that encompasses EDRR for all invasive species. Rather, there is a patchwork of authorities that unevenly addresses various aspects of EDRR. In addition to gaps in authority, EDRR efforts could be constrained by environmental compliance, as well as subnational governance and private rights. Although some of these gaps could be closed through legislation, others need to be addressed using the discretionary power of federal agencies and their ability to establish cooperation mechanisms with private and subnational entities.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Headspace Volatiles Prevent Invasive Box Tree Moth (Cydalima perspectalis) Oviposition—Insights from Electrophysiology and Behaviour

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Magdolna Olívia Szelényi ◽  
Anna Laura Erdei ◽  
Júlia Katalin Jósvai ◽  
Dalma Radványi ◽  
Bence Sümegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Oviposition Bioassay ◽  
Physiologically Active Compounds

The box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis Walker) is an invasive species in Europe causing severe damage both in natural and ornamental boxwood (Buxus spp.) vegetation. Pest management tactics are often based on the use of chemical insecticides, whereas environmentally-friendly control solutions are not available against this insect. The application of essential oils may provide effective protection against oviposition and subsequent larval damage. Oviposition deterrence of cinnamon, eucalyptus and lavender essential oils was tested on female C. perspectalis in behavioural bioassays. Our results indicate that all the studied essential oils may be adequate deterrents; however, cinnamon oil exhibited the strongest effect. To determine the physiologically active compounds in the headspace of the essential oils, gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography recordings were performed in parallel with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the volatile constituents. In addition, the release rates of various components from vial-wick dispensers were measured during the oviposition bioassay. These results may serve as a basis for the development of a practical and insecticide-free plant protection method against this invasive moth species.

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