scholarly journals New Form, New Material and Color Scheme, the Exposed Concrete Phenomenon—The Centennial Hall in Wrocław

Arts ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Jerzy Ilkosz ◽  
Ryszard Wójtowicz ◽  
Jadwiga Urbanik
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Color Coating ◽  
Color Scheme

The aim of the article is to present the remarkable changes in architecture that took place in the 20th century. They can easily be called a revolution regarding the architectural form and the color scheme. Progress was being made through the development of reinforced concrete production methods. In the German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich), this material quickly found applications in more and more interesting solutions in architectural structures. In Wrocław (formerly Breslau), then located in the eastern German Empire, exceptional architectural works were realized before and after the First World War using new technology. In 1913, an unusual building was erected—the Centennial Hall, designed by Max Berg (inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2006). Berg’s work was inspired by the works of both Hans Poelzig and Bruno Taut. On the one hand, it was a delight with the new material (the Upper Silesian Tower at the exhibition in Poznań, designed by H. Poelzig) and, on the other hand, with the colorful architecture of light and glass by B. Taut (a glass pavilion at the Werkbund exhibition in Cologne). Max Berg left the concrete in an almost “pure” form, not hiding the texture of the formwork under the plaster layer. However, stratigraphic studies of paint coatings and archival inquiries reveal a new face of this building. The research was carried out as part of the CMP (Conservation Management Plan—prepared by the authors of the article, among others) grant from The Getty Foundation Keeping It Modern program. According to the source materials, the architect intended to leave the exposed concrete outside of the building, while the interior was to be decorated with painting, stained glass, and sculpture. The stratigraphic tests showed that the external walls were covered with a translucent yellowish color coating. Thus, the Centennial Hall shows a different face of reinforced concrete architecture.

Fountains as Reservoirs of Myth and Memory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsey A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Local Nature

Case studies from Hellenistic and imperial Corinth and Ephesus demonstrate the ways in which springs and fountains were used to honour forces of nature, commemorate mythological figures and events, and strengthen, or even invent, local traditions. Famous for its natural water supply, Corinth capitalized on storied springs, both before and after its destruction and refoundation as a Roman colony. The fountains of Peirene and Glauce demonstrate different strategies for connecting past and present and establishing authority by the manipulation of architectural form and the selective retelling of stories. At Ephesus, Hellenistic and Roman fountains celebrated local nature and myth with increasingly extravagant architecture, statuary, and water displays. This chapter focuses on a series of fountains that featured the founding hero Androclus, from a monument erected in his honour to great facade fountains in which he was one of many figures communicating Ephesian identity and pride.

scholarly journals Fast Preparation of High-Performance Wood Materials Assisted by Ultrasonic and Vacuum Impregnation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Mingyu Gao ◽  
Jinxin Wang ◽  
Hongbo Mu ◽  
Dawei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Ft Ir

In the absence of high-quality hardwood timber resources, we have gradually turned our attention from natural forests to planted fast-growing forests. However, fast-growing tree timber in general has defects such as low wood density, loose texture, and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, improving the performance of wood through efficient and rapid technological processes and increasing the utilization of inferior wood is a good way to extend the use of wood. Densification of wood increases the strength of low-density wood and extends the range of applications for wood and wood-derived products. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic and vacuum pretreatment on the properties of high-performance wood were explored by combining sonication, vacuum impregnation, chemical softening, and thermomechanical treatments to densify the wood; then, the changes in the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of poplar wood before and after treatment were analyzed comparatively by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and mechanical tests. The results showed that with ultrasonic pretreatment and vacuum impregnation, the compression ratio of high-performance wood reached its highest level and the MOR and MOE reached their maximums. With the help of this method, fast-growing softwoods can be easily prepared into dense wood materials, and it is hoped that this new material can be applied in the fields of construction, aviation, and automobile manufacturing.

Quality Management in Gynecologic Cytology Using Interlaboratory Comparison

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Jones ◽  
Diane D. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Competency Assessment ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Diagnostic Statistics

Abstract Objective.—To describe a comprehensive integrated laboratory quality management plan for gynecologic cytology. Design and Setting.—Cytopathology laboratory performance monitors with interlaboratory comparison. Results.—Utilizing College of American Pathologists Q-Probes studies, the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology, and other published data, a quality management program for gynecologic cytology involving diagnostic statistics, screening limits and competency assessment, retrospective rescreening, real-time rescreening, cytology-biopsy correlation, follow-up of patients with abnormal cytology results, turnaround time, examination of unknown slides (survey programs), and new technology is described. Conclusion.—Regular coordinated monitoring of performance, with longitudinal and interlaboratory comparison utilizing the methods described, provides an opportunity to optimize gynecologic cytology service.

Efficiency and selectivity of the Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mollusca: Veneridae) hand dredge used in southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 1455-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. Pezzuto ◽  
Caroline Schio ◽  
Tito C.M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Plots

In Florianópolis, southern Brazil, the venerid clam Anomalocardia brasiliana has supported subsistence and small-scale commercial fisheries for decades. The introduction of a hand dredge (gancho) since 1987 led to the development of a significant fishery supplying both local and regional shellfish markets. In 1992 one of the main fishing areas in the region was designated as the first Brazilian Marine Extractive Reserve (Pirajubaé RESEX), a federal form of governance intended to promote sustainable exploitation of natural resources by assigning exclusive fishing rights to traditional users. However, excessive fishing effort, institutional shortcomings and lack of a negotiated management plan have resulted in the overexploitation of the species since 2000. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficiency and selectivity of the hand dredge currently in use at the RESEX, through a field experiment conducted in October 2006. Quantitative samples of A. brasiliana were collected before and after dredging 15 experimental plots. Additional samples were obtained inside the dredge (catch) and respective cover cod-end (discard) for selectivity analysis. A single haul of the hand dredge can dislocate up to 76% of the individuals present in the sediment irrespective of their size, and retain up to 69% of the commercial-sized organisms. The gear has a knife-edge selection pattern, which enables the use of the minimum spacing between the iron bars of the dredge's basket as an effective management tool.

scholarly journals Production and Commercialization of Timber in Angola after the Declaration of Independence

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chiteculo ◽  
M. Hájek ◽  
P. Kubová
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Historical Production

Abstract The policy of production and commercialization of timber before and after the independence of Angola was assessed. Historical production of timber under control of Portuguese settlers before 1975 in comparison to the production of timber after this period was reviewed. We used a combination of published scientific studies and government reports to support the background of the paper and a structured questionnaire survey from which analyses were drawn using a logistic regression model. It was found out that timber production declined dramatically after Angola gained independence; the production of logs dropped from 555 000 m3 in 1973 to less than 115 400 m3. Out of the 100 mills that had existed in Angola before 1975 only twenty have been in operation today with annual wood production of less than 20% of extraction capacity. The knowledge concerning the historical production of timber before and after 1975 is not sufficient to provide suggestions for a management plan on what trees, where, and when are to be cut.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY OF COMPUTATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES/GELŽBETONINŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ ARMATŪROS AUTOMATIZUOTO SKAIČIAVIMO TECHNOLOGIJA

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
Arvydas Jurkša
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Element Program

The author has created a new technology for concrete beam, column, slab, wall and shell reinforcement computation according to the finite element program COSMOS/M analysis results and code of practice valid in Lithuania. A brief description of the technology is included in the article. Computer programmes COSARM and COSMAX were designed for slab, wall and shell reinforcement computation. Results can be visualized graphically. New computer programmes BEAM, COSBEAM, COLUMN, COSREC and COSCIR were created for beam and column reinforcement computation. The new technology extremely enlarged the possibilities of the powerful finite element program COSMOS/M and enabled to compute very complicated reinforced concrete structures.

Base-Isolated Multi-Storey Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure Modal Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 869-871
Author(s):  
Cai Hua Wang ◽  
Hui Jian Li ◽  
Jian Feng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Base Isolation ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame Structure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Isolation Device

The multi-storey reinforced concrete frame structure used lead rubber pad as the base isolation device. The paper had modal analysis of base-isolated multi-storey reinforced concrete frame structure using the ANSYS software. Comparing the frequency and vibration mode before and after isolation under El-Centro wave, It concluded the leader rubber pad have seismic isolation effect for multi-storey reinforced concrete frame structure .

Performance of a Post-Byzantine Triple-Domed Basilica under Near and Far Fault Seismic Loads

2015 ◽  
pp. 831-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine C. Spyrakos ◽  
Charilaos A. Maniatakis ◽  
Panagiotis Kiriakopoulos ◽  
Alessio Francioso ◽  
Ioannis M. Taflampas
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
Regional Seismicity ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Collapse Mechanisms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Structural Parts

In this Chapter a triple-domed basilica constructed at the end of the 19th century is selected as a case study to present a methodology for the selection of the appropriate intervention techniques in monumental structures. The methodology includes in-situ and laboratory testing, application of analytical methods, consideration of geotechnical parameters and regional seismicity. Seismic loads are estimated according to contemporary and older concepts for seismic design. Since the impact of near-fault phenomena on masonry structures has not been thoroughly studied, although considered as responsible for extensive structural damage during major seismic events, a procedure is presented in order to account for the special characteristics of strong ground motion, in the so-called near-fault region. The seismic performance of the structure before and after interventions, using traditional and new technology, is assessed by applying a validated finite element model. Also, the out-of-plane behavior of structural parts is evaluated through kinematic analysis of selective collapse mechanisms.

Muskellunge Management: Fifty Years of Cooperation Among Anglers, Scientists, and Fisheries Biologists

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Round Goby ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Neogobius Melanostomus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Survival Studies ◽  
St Lawrence River

<em>Abstract</em>.— Long-term research indicates a significant and ongoing decline within the upper St. Lawrence River Muskellunge <em>Esox masquinongy </em>population. Index surveys show a sharp reduction in catch of both spawning adults and age-0 Muskellunge, and catch rates by anglers have similarly declined while harvest remains low. Other changes associated with population decline include presence of fewer female adult Muskellunge and a change in adult Muskellunge size structure (increase in proportion of fish <1,016 mm) in addition to more large individuals greater than 1,372 mm. A significant adult die-off occurred from 2005 to 2008 (103 adults recovered in U.S. and Canadian waters) concomitant with an outbreak of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS). These population changes were also temporally correlated with detection and proliferation of invasive Round Goby <em>Neogobius melanostomus</em>, a known VHS virus (VHSV) reservoir, egg predator, and competitor with native fishes. Comparisons of index netting before and after VHSV and Round Goby invasions suggest a direct link to the decline, but because these are correlations, we can only explore these effects. To examine the viability of Muskellunge nursery sites, we repeated survival studies conducted in the early 1990s with experimental releases of advanced fry at four locations during 2013–2015. Findings indicate contribution to age-0 populations, but catches poststocking (wild and stocked) were lower compared to the 1990s. We review information regarding potential stressors, including VHSV and Round Goby invasion, and conclude that their combined effects have created significant uncertainty and challenges to sustainable management of the Muskellunge population. In response, the St. Lawrence River Muskellunge management plan should be updated with a focus on restoration of the declining Muskellunge stock. Recommended actions target advancing conservation and restoration of critical habitat, restoring lost subpopulations, and reducing mortality associated with angling (e.g., from handling and harvest).

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