scholarly journals Estimating the Exposure Levels of Quercus Pollen: A Case Study in the Greater Area of Thessaloniki, Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Serafim Kontos ◽  
Dafni Parliari ◽  
Sofia Papadogiannaki ◽  
Dimitrios Melas
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Natural Emissions ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The City

In this study the exposure levels from Quercus pollen in the greater area of Thessaloniki are estimated. The estimation is implemented with a modeling system, comprising the meteorological model WRF, the Natural Emissions Model (NEMO) for the calculation of the Quercus pollen emissions and the chemistry-transport model CAMx for the advection and the deposition of the pollen particles. The period of 2016 with the highest potential is selected, based on the available measurements for the area of interest. The modeling system is evaluated with meteorological and pollen measurements, as well on the expected exposure levels, indicating a satisfactory overall performance. The modeling system is finally utilized for the estimation of exposure levels in the greater area of Thessaloniki, showing that the city of is not going to experience significant number of days with high Quercus pollen concentrations, although other, smaller cities and towns might be affected.

scholarly journals Scenario Analyses of Exhaust Emissions Reduction through the Introduction of Electric Vehicles into the City

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Renata Żochowska ◽  
Aleksander Sobota ◽  
Mariusz Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

In recent years, policymakers of urban agglomerations in various regions of the world have been striving to reduce environmental pollution from harmful exhaust and noise emissions. Restrictions on conventional vehicles entering the inner city are being introduced and the introduction of low-emission measures, including electric ones, is being promoted. This paper presents a method for scenario analysis applied to study the reduction of exhaust emissions by introducing electric vehicles in a selected city. The original scenario analyses relating to real problems faced by contemporary metropolitan areas are based on the VISUM tool (PTV Headquarters for Europe: PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany). For the case study, the transport model of the city of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was used to conduct experiments with different forms of participation of electric vehicles on the one hand and traffic restrictions for high emission vehicles on the other hand. Scenario analyses were conducted for various constraint options including inbound, outbound, and through traffic. Travel time for specific transport relations and the volume of harmful emissions were used as criteria for evaluating scenarios of limited accessibility to city zones for selected types of vehicles. The comparative analyses carried out showed that the introduction of electric vehicles in the inner city resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and, consequently, in an increase in the area of clean air in the city. The case study and its results provide some valuable insights and may guide decision-makers in their actions to introduce both driving ban restrictions for high-emission vehicles and incentives for the use of electric vehicles for city residents.

scholarly journals Diagnosing the transition layer at extratropical latitudes using MLS O<sub>3</sub> and MOPITT CO analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7225-7240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barré ◽  
L. El Amraoui ◽  
P. Ricaud ◽  
W. A. Lahoz ◽  
J.-L. Attié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
Free Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The behavior of the extratropical transition layer (ExTL) is investigated using a chemistry transport model (CTM) and analyses derived from assimilation of MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) O3 and MOPITT (Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere) CO data. We firstly focus on a stratosphere–troposphere exchange (STE) case study that occurred on 15 August 2007 over the British Isles (50° N, 10° W). We evaluate the effect of data assimilation on the O3–CO correlations. It is shown that data assimilation disrupts the relationship in the transition region. When MLS O3 is assimilated, CO and O3 values are not consistent between each other, leading to unphysical correlations at the STE location. When MLS O3 and MOPITT CO assimilated fields are taken into account in the diagnostics the relationship happens to be more physical. We then use O3–CO correlations to quantify the effect of data assimilation on the height and depth of the ExTL. When the free-model run O3 and CO fields are used in the diagnostics, the ExTL distribution is found 1.1 km above the thermal tropopause and is 2.6 km wide (2σ). MOPITT CO analyses only slightly sharpen (by −0.02 km) and lower (by −0.2 km) the ExTL distribution. MLS O3 analyses provide an expansion (by +0.9 km) of the ExTL distribution, suggesting a more intense O3 mixing. However, the MLS O3 analyses ExTL distribution shows a maximum close to the thermal tropopause and a mean location closer to the thermal tropopause (+0.45 km). When MLS O3 and MOPITT CO analyses are used together, the ExTL shows a mean location that is the closest to the thermal tropopause (+0.16 km). We also extend the study at the global scale on 15 August 2007 and for the month of August 2007. MOPITT CO analyses still show a narrower chemical transition between stratosphere and troposphere than the free-model run. MLS O3 analyses move the ExTL toward the troposphere and broaden it. When MLS O3 analyses and MOPITT CO analyses are used together, the ExTL matches the thermal tropopause poleward of 50°.

Variability of PM pollution in the light of emission changes and meteorological variability: a case study for Styria, Austria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Schmidt ◽  
Peter Huszár ◽  
Monika Mayer ◽  
Johannes Fritzer ◽  
Harald E. Rieder
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Emission Changes ◽  
Local Emissions

&lt;p&gt;Despite ambitious efforts to abate surface air pollution, the air quality thresholds for PM10 and PM2.5 are regularly exceeded in the state of Styria. PM target levels are most frequently exceeded in industrial regions and urban cores of the forelands preceeding the alps. Besides local emissions, ambient meteorology and particularly stagnation are of special importance for PM pollution. Here we assess local and regional changes in PM pollution following emission reduction measures, while simultaneously considering effects of meteorological variability. We further supplement our observational study with a set of high-resolution chemistry-transport-model (CTM) simulations to assess future changes in the PM burden in Styria.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Refinement of land use data for emission calculations in the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model: A case study for the Nizhny Novgorod region .

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
D.V. Borisov ◽  
◽  
I.U. Shalygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Real Distribution ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

Refinement of land use data for emission calculations in the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model: A case study for the Nizhny Novgorod region / Borisov D.V., Shalygina I.U. // Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2021, no. 3 (381), pp. 150-161. The quality of calculating the concentration of pollutants in the chemistry-transport model largely depends on the reliability of used emission data. The possibility of updating the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Program) emission data using OpenStreetMap geodata for the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model calculations is discussed on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The GlobCover land-use data refinement procedure based on OpenStreetMap information provides a 3.3% increase in the urban area and a more accurate configuration of the emission field as compared to the real distribution of sources of atmospheric emissions. Experimental CHIMERE chemistry-transport model calculations of pollutant concentrations based on the initial and updated emission fields demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed approach. Keywords: emissions, EMEP, land use, OpenStreetMap, CHIMERE chemistry-transport model, air quality

Air pollution and cloud-interaction over Europe in 1985 and today

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Schrödner ◽  
Christa Genz ◽  
Bernd Heinold ◽  
Holger Baars ◽  
Silvia Henning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Aerosol Mass

&lt;p&gt;Aerosol concentrations over Europe and Germany were simulated for the years 1985 and 2013 using the aerosol-chemistry transport model COSMO-MUSCAT. The aerosol fields from the two simulations were used in a high-resolution meteorological model for a sensitivity study on cloud properties. The modelled aerosol and cloud variables were compared to a variety of available observations, including satellites, remote sensing and in-situ observations. Finally, the radiative forcing of the aerosol could be estimated from the different sensitivity simulations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Due to reduction of emissions the ambient aerosol mass and number in Europe was strongly decreased since the 1980s. Hence, today&amp;#8217;s number of particles in the CCN size range is smaller. The HD(CP)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (High Definition Clouds and Precipitation for Climate Prediction) project amongst others aimed at analysing the effect of the emission reduction on cloud properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a pre-requiste, the aerosol mass, number, and composition over Germany were simulated for 1985 and 2013 using the regional chemistry-transport-model COSMO-MUSCAT. The EDGAR emission inventory was used for both years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The model results were compared to observations from the two HD(CP)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; campaigns that took place in 2013 (HOPE, HOPE-Melpitz) as well as the AVHRR aerosol optical thickness product, which is available from 1981 onwards. Despite the fact, that emissions of the 1980s are very uncertain, the modelled AOD is in good agreement with observations. The modelled mean CCN number concentration in 1985 is a factor of 2-4 higher than in 2013.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within HD(CP)&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, the ICON weather forecast model was applied in a configuration allowing for large-eddy simulations. In these simulations, the time-varying CCN fields for the year 1985 and 2013 calculated with COSMO-MUSCAT were used as input for ICON-LEM. In the present-day simulation, the cloud droplet number agrees with observations, whereas the perturbed (1985) simulation does not with droplet numbers about twice as high as in 2013. Also, for other cloud variables systematic changes between the two scenarios were observed.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Aerosol effects modeling using an online coupling between the meteorological model WRF and the chemistry-transport model CHIMERE

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis Briant ◽  
Paolo Tuccella ◽  
Adrien Deroubaix ◽  
Dmitry Khvorostyanov ◽  
Laurent Menut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Aerosol Optical Properties ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The presence of airborne aerosols affects the meteorology as it induces a perturbation in the radiation budget, the number of cloud condensation nuclei and the cloud micro-physics. Those effects are difficult to model at regional scale as several distinct models are usually involved. In this paper, the coupling of the CHIMERE chemistry-transport model with the WRF meteorological model using the OASIS3-MCT coupler is presented. WRF meteorological fields along with CHIMERE aerosol optical properties are exchanged through the coupler at a high frequency in order to model the aerosol direct and semidirect effects. The WRF-CHIMERE online model has a higher computational burden than both models ran separately in offline mode (up to 42 % higher). This is mainly due to some additional computations made within the models such as more frequent calls to meteorology treatment routines or calls to optical properties computations routines. On the other hand, the overall time required to perform the OASIS3-MCT exchanges is not significant compared to the total duration of the simulations. The impact of the coupling is evaluated on a case study over Europe, northern Africa, Middle East and western Asia during the Summer 2012, through comparisons of the offline and two online simulations (with and without the aerosol optical properties feedback) to observations of temperature, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and surface PM10 (particulate matter with diameters lower than 10 µm) concentrations. Result shows that using the optical properties feedback induces a radiative forcing (average forcing of −4.8 W.m−2) which creates a perturbation in the average surface temperatures over desert areas (up to 2.6° locally) along with an increase of both AOD and PM10 concentrations.

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