scholarly journals Mapping Fuzzy Energy Management Strategy for PEM Fuel Cell–Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Excavator

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoai Vu Anh Truong ◽  
Hoang Vu Dao ◽  
Tri Cuong Do ◽  
Cong Minh Ho ◽  
Xuan Dinh To ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
High Peak Power ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Power Sources

By replacing conventional supplies such as fossil fuels or internal combustion engines (ICEs), this paper presents a new configuration of hybrid power sources (HPS) based on the integration of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with batteries (BATs) and supercapacitors (SCs) for hydraulic excavators (HEs). In contrast to conventional architectures, the PEMFC in this study functions as the main power supply, whereas the integrated BAT–SC is considered as an auxiliary buffer. Regarding shortcomings existing in the previous approaches, an innovative energy management strategy (EMS) was designed using a new mapping fuzzy logic control (MFLC) for appropriate power distribution. Comparisons between the proposed strategy with available approaches are conducted to satisfy several driving cycles with different load demands and verify the strategy’s effectiveness. Based on the simulation results, the efficiency of the PEMFC when using the MFLS algorithm increased up to 47% in comparison with the conventional proposed EMS and other approaches. With the proposed strategy, the HPS can be guaranteed to not only sufficiently support power to the system even when the endurance process or high peak power is required, but also extend the lifespan of the devices and achieves high efficiency.

scholarly journals Energy management strategy based on dynamic programming with durability extension for fuel cell hybrid tramway

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-313
Author(s):  
Shiyong Tao ◽  
Weirong Chen ◽  
Rui Gan ◽  
Luoyi Li ◽  
Guorui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
State Machine ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption

AbstractThis paper proposes an energy management strategy for a fuel cell (FC) hybrid power system based on dynamic programming and state machine strategy, which takes into account the durability of the FC and the hydrogen consumption of the system. The strategy first uses the principle of dynamic programming to solve the optimal power distribution between the FC and supercapacitor (SC), and then uses the optimization results of dynamic programming to update the threshold values in each state of the finite state machine to realize real-time management of the output power of the FC and SC. An FC/SC hybrid tramway simulation platform is established based on RT-LAB real-time simulator. The compared results verify that the proposed EMS can improve the durability of the FC, increase its working time in the high-efficiency range, effectively reduce the hydrogen consumption, and keep the state of charge in an ideal range.

Optimal energy management strategy for fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor vehicles using wavelet transform and equivalent consumption minimization strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110697
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zou ◽  
Fazhan Tao ◽  
Zhumu Fu ◽  
Pengju Si ◽  
Chao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Optimal Energy ◽  
Optimal Energy Management

In this paper, the hybrid electric vehicle is equipped with fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor as the research object, the optimal energy management strategy (EMS) is proposed by combining wavelet transform (WT) method and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for reducing hydrogen consumption and prolonging the lifespan of power sources. Firstly, the WT method is employed to separate power demand of vehicles into high-frequency part supplied by supercapacitor and low-frequency part allocated to fuel cell and battery, which can effectively reduce the fluctuation of fuel cell and battery to prolong their lifespan. Then, considering the low-frequency power, the optimal SOC of battery is used to design the equivalent factor of the ECMS method to improve the fuel economy. The proposed hierarchical EMS can realize a trade-off between the lifespan of power sources and fuel economy of vehicles. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed EMS is verified by ADVISOR, and comparison results are given compared with the traditional ECMS method and ECMS combining the filter.

scholarly journals An Efficient and Cost-Effective Power Scheduling in Zero-Emission Ferry Ships

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Letafat ◽  
Mehdi Rafiei ◽  
Masoud Ardeshiri ◽  
Morteza Sheikh ◽  
Mohsen Banaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Battery Bank

Today’s remarkable challenge of maritime transportation industry is the detrimental contamination generation from fossil fuels. To tackle such a challenge and reduce the contribution into air pollution, different power solutions have been considered; among others, hybrid energy-based solutions are powering many ferry boats. This paper introduces an energy management strategy (EMS) for a hybrid energy system (HES) of a ferry boat with the goal to optimize the performance and reduce the operation cost. HES considered for the ferry boat consists of different devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), LI-ION battery bank, and cold ironing (CI). PEMFC systems are appropriate to employ as they are not polluting. The battery bank compensates for the abrupt variations of the load as the fuel cell has a slow dynamic against sudden changes of the load. Also, CI systems can improve the reduction of the expenses of energy management, during hours where the ferry boat is located at the harbor. To study the performance, cost and the pollution contribution CO2, NOX, SOX of the proposed hybrid energy management strategy (HEMS), we compare it against three various types of HEM from the state-of-the-art and also available rule-based methods in the literature. The analysis results show a high applicability of the proposed HES. All results in this paper have been obtained in the MATLAB software environment.

scholarly journals System Design and Energy Management for a Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Forklift

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyu You ◽  
Liwei Wang ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Firuz Zare
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Lead Acid

Electric forklifts, dominantly powered by lead acid batteries, are widely used for material handling in factories, warehouses, and docks. The long charging time and short working time characteristics of the lead acid battery module results in the necessity of several battery modules to support one forklift. Compared with the cost and time consuming lead acid battery charging system, a fuel cell/battery hybrid power module could be more convenient for a forklift with fast hydrogen refueling and long working time. In this paper, based on the characteristics of a fuel cell and a battery, a prototype hybrid forklift with a fuel cell/battery hybrid power system is constructed, and its hardware and software are designed in detail. According to the power demand of driver cycles and the state of charge (SOC) of battery, an energy management strategy based on load current following for the hybrid forklift is proposed to improve system energy efficiency and dynamic response performance. The proposed energy management strategy will fulfill the power requirements under typical driving cycles, achieve reasonable power distribution between the fuel cell and battery and, thus, prolong its continuous working time. The proposed energy management strategy is implemented in the hybrid forklift prototype and its effectiveness is tested under different operating conditions. The results show that the forklift with the proposed hybrid powered strategy has good performance with different loads, both lifting and moving, in a smooth and steady way, and the output of the fuel cell meets the requirements of its output characteristics, its SOC of battery remaining at a reasonable level.

scholarly journals Research on a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Bus Energy Management Strategy Considering Drivability

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Yang ◽  
Youtong Zhang ◽  
Jingyi Tian ◽  
Si Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Mode Switching ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Optimal Energy ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Plug-in hybrid electric buses (PHEBs) is some of the most promising products to address air pollution and the energy crisis. Considering the switching between different working modes often bring aboutsudden changes of the torque and the speed of different power sources, which may lead to the instability of the power output and affect the driving performance and ride comfort, it is of great significance to develop a real-time optimal energy management strategy for PHEBs to achieve the optimization of fuel economy and drivability. In this study, the proposed strategy includes an offline part and an online part. In the offline part, firstly, the energy conversion coefficient s(t) is optimized by linear weight particle swarm optimization algorithm (LinWPSO), then, the optimization results of s(t) are converted into a 2-dimensional look-up table. Secondly, combined with three typical driving cycle conditions, the gear-shifting correction and mode switching boundary parameters that affect the drivabilityof the vehicle are extracted by dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. In the online part, combined with the s(t), the gear-shifting correction and mode switching boundary parameters which are obtained through offline optimization, the real-time energy management strategy is proposed to solve the trade-off problem between minimizing the fuel consumption and improving the drivability and riding comfort. Finally, the proposed strategy is verified with simulation, the results show that the proposed strategy can guarantee the engine and the electric motor (EM) work in the high-efficiency area with optimal energy distribution while keeping drivability in the variation of driving circle. The overall performance is improved by 18.54% compared with the rule-based control strategy. The proposed strategy may provide theoretical support for the optimal control of PHEB.

scholarly journals Online Modeling of a Fuel Cell System for an Energy Management Strategy Design

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Kandidayeni ◽  
Alvaro Macias ◽  
Loïc Boulon ◽  
João Pedro F. Trovão
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Initial Values

An energy management strategy (EMS) efficiently splits the power among different sources in a hybrid fuel cell vehicle (HFCV). Most of the existing EMSs are based on static maps while a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has time-varying characteristics, which can cause mismanagement in the operation of a HFCV. This paper proposes a framework for the online parameters identification of a PMEFC model while the vehicle is under operation. This identification process can be conveniently integrated into an EMS loop, regardless of the EMS type. To do so, Kalman filter (KF) is utilized to extract the parameters of a PEMFC model online. Unlike the other similar papers, special attention is given to the initialization of KF in this work. In this regard, an optimization algorithm, shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA), is employed for the initialization of the KF. The SFLA is first used offline to find the right initial values for the PEMFC model parameters using the available polarization curve. Subsequently, it tunes the covariance matrices of the KF by utilizing the initial values obtained from the first step. Finally, the tuned KF is employed online to update the parameters. The ultimate results show good accuracy and convergence improvement in the PEMFC characteristics estimation.

scholarly journals Energy Management Strategy of a PEM Fuel Cell Excavator with a Supercapacitor/Battery Hybrid Power Source

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Cuong Do ◽  
Hoai Vu Anh Truong ◽  
Hoang Vu Dao ◽  
Cong Minh Ho ◽  
Xuan Dinh To ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Hybrid Power

Construction machines are heavy-duty equipment and a major contributor to the environmental pollution. By using only electric motors instead of an internal combustion engine, the problems of low engine efficiency and air pollution can be solved. This paper proposed a novel energy management strategy for a PEM fuel cell excavator with a supercapacitor/battery hybrid power source. The fuel cell is the main power supply for most of the excavator workload while the battery/supercapacitor is the energy storage device, which supplies additional required power and recovers energy. The whole system model was built in a co-simulation environment, which is a combination of MATLAB/Simulink and AMESim software, where the fuel cell, battery, supercapacitor model, and the energy management algorithm were developed in a Simulink environment while the excavator model was designed in an AMESim environment. In this work, the energy management strategy was designed to concurrently account for power supply performance from the hybrid power sources as well as from fuel cells, and battery lifespan. The control design was proposed to distribute the power demand optimally from the excavator to the hybrid power sources in different working conditions. The simulation results were presented to demonstrate the good performance of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy was validated. Compared with the conventional strategies where the task requirements cannot be achieved or system stability cannot be accomplished, the proposed algorithms perfectly satisfied the working conditions.

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