scholarly journals Advanced Metering Infrastructure—Towards a Reliable Network

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5986
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kornatka ◽  
Tomasz Popławski
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ◽  
Online Processing ◽  
Virtual Power Plants ◽  
Random Events ◽  
Advanced Metering ◽  
System Average

In order to ensure continuous energy supply, Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have to monitor and analyze the condition of the power grid, especially checking for random events, such as breakdowns or other disturbances. Still, relatively little information is available on the operation of the Low Voltage (LV) grid. This can be improved thanks to digital tools, offering online processing of data, which ultimately increases effectiveness of the power grid. Among those tools, the use of the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is especially conducive for improving reliability. AMI is one of the elements of the system Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) for the LV grid. Exact knowledge of the reliability conditions of a power grid is also indispensable for optimizing investment. AMI is also key in providing operational capacity for carrying out energy balance in virtual power plants (VPPs). This paper deals with methodology of identification and location of faults in the AMI-supervised LV grid and with calculating the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) on the basis of the recorded events. The results presented in the paper are based on data obtained from seven MV/LV transformer stations that supply over 2000 customers.

scholarly journals Smart Meter Traffic in a Real LV Distribution Network

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoleta Andreadou ◽  
Evangelos Kotsakis ◽  
Marcelo Masera
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Message Size ◽  
Real Distribution ◽  
Advanced Metering

The modernization of the distribution grid requires a huge amount of data to be transmitted and handled by the network. The deployment of Advanced Metering Infrastructure systems results in an increased traffic generated by smart meters. In this work, we examine the smart meter traffic that needs to be accommodated by a real distribution system. Parameters such as the message size and the message transmission frequency are examined and their effect on traffic is showed. Limitations of the system are presented, such as the buffer capacity needs and the maximum message size that can be communicated. For this scope, we have used the parameters of a real distribution network, based on a survey at which the European Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have participated. For the smart meter traffic, we have used two popular specifications, namely the G3-PLC–“G3 Power Line communication” and PRIME–acronym for “PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution”, to simulate the characteristics of a system that is widely used in practice. The results can be an insight for further development of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems that control and monitor the Low Voltage (LV) distribution grid. The paper presents an analysis towards identifying the needs of distribution networks with respect to telecommunication data as well as the main parameters that can affect the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) system performance. Identifying such parameters is consequently beneficial to designing more efficient ICT systems for Advanced Metering Infrastructure.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Operation of Distribution Networks Using Kernel Density Estimators

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6984
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kornatka ◽  
Anna Gawlak
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Distribution Of Values ◽  
Random Events ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
System Average

Efficiency in the operation of distribution networks is one of the commonly recognised goals of the Smart Grid aspect. Novel approaches are needed to assess the level of energy loss and reliability in electricity distribution. Transmission of electricity in the power system is invariably accompanied by certain physical phenomena and random events causing losses. Identifying areas where excessive energy losses or excessive grid failure occur is a key element for energy companies in resource management. The study presented in the article is based on data obtained from distribution system operators concerning 41 distribution regions in Poland for a period of 5 years. The first part of the article presents an analysis of the distribution of values for the introduced energy density and energy losses in the lines of medium- and low-voltage networks and in transformers supplying the low-voltage network. The second part of the article presents the assessment of the network reliability of the same distribution regions based on analysis of the distributions of System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI) values for planned and unplanned outages. Data analysis is performed by non-parametric methods by means of kernel estimators.

scholarly journals Probabilistic Methodology for Calculating PV Hosting Capacity in LV Networks Using Actual Building Roof Data

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grabner ◽  
Souvent ◽  
Suljanović ◽  
Košir ◽  
Blažič
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Building Roof ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
External Data ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Pv Generation

There has been an increasing trend of integrating photovoltaic power plants (PVs). One of the important challenges for distribution system operators is to evaluate the total installed power of a PV that a particular network can host (or PV hosting capacity) while keeping voltage and element constraints within required limits. The major drawback of the existing methods for calculating PV hosting capacity is that they use the same installed power of the PV systems for all simulated PVs, as these methods do not use external data sources about building roofs. As a consequence, this has a significant impact on the final accuracy of the results. This paper presents a probabilistic methodology for calculating the PV hosting capacity in low voltage (LV) networks. The main contribution of this paper is the improved modeling of PV generation using actual building roof data when calculating the PV hosting capacity, as every building is treated according to its actual solar potential. Monte Carlo simulations with incorporated stochastic consumption and PV generation models are utilized for load flow calculations of the actual LV network. The simulation results presented in this paper prove that the proposed methodology increases the accuracy of the final PV hosting capacity calculations.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity Vulnerability Analysis of the PLC PRIME Standard

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Seijo Simó ◽  
Gregorio López López ◽  
José Ignacio Moreno Novella
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Cyberphysical Systems ◽  
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ◽  
Power Line Communications ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Advanced Metering

Security in critical infrastructures such as the power grid is of vital importance. The Smart Grid puts power grid classical security approach on the ropes, since it introduces cyberphysical systems where devices, communications, and information systems must be protected. PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution (PRIME) is a Narrowband Power-Line Communications (NB-PLC) protocol widely used in the last mile of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) deployments, playing a key role in the Smart Grid. Therefore, this work aims to unveil the cybersecurity vulnerabilities present in PRIME standard, proposing solutions and validating and discussing the results obtained.

Load Segmentation for Convergence of Distribution Automation and Advanced Metering Infrastructure Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balakrishna Pamulaparthy ◽  
Swarup KS ◽  
Rajagopal Kommu
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Distribution Automation ◽  
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Power Restoration ◽  
Advanced Metering ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Distribution automation (DA) applications are limited to feeder level today and have zero visibility outside of the substation feeder and reaching down to the low-voltage distribution network level. This has become a major obstacle in realizing many automated functions and enhancing existing DA capabilities. Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) systems are being widely deployed by utilities across the world creating system-wide communications access to every monitoring and service point, which collects data from smart meters and sensors in short time intervals, in response to utility needs. DA and AMI systems convergence provides unique opportunities and capabilities for distribution grid modernization with the DA system acting as a controller and AMI system acting as feedback to DA system, for which DA applications have to understand and use the AMI data selectively and effectively. In this paper, we propose a load segmentation method that helps the DA system to accurately understand and use the AMI data for various automation applications with a suitable case study on power restoration.

Review of key management techniques for advanced metering infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 155014772110415
Author(s):  
Otisitswe Kebotogetse ◽  
Ravi Samikannu ◽  
Abid Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Advanced Metering

The electricity industry has been developed through the introduction of the smart grid. This has brought about two-way communication to the grid and its components. The smart grid has managed to increase the efficiency and reliability of the traditional power grid over the years. A smart grid has a system that is used to measure and collect readings for power consumption reflection, and the system is known as the Advanced Metering Infrastructure. The advanced metering infrastructure has its components too which are the smart metre, metre control system, collector or concentrator and communication networks (wide area network, neighbourhood area network, and home area network). The communication networks in the advanced metering infrastructure have created a vulnerability to cyber-attacks over the years. The reliability of the power grid to consumers relies on the readings from the smart metre, and this brings about the need to secure the smart metre data. This article presents a review of key management methods in advanced metering infrastructure environments. The article begins with an overview of advanced metering infrastructure and then shows the relationship between the advanced metering infrastructure and the smart grid. The review then provides the security issues related to advanced metering infrastructure. Finally, the article provides existing works of key management methods in advanced metering infrastructure and future directions in securing advanced metering infrastructure and the smart grid.

scholarly journals Decentralized and Collaborative Scheduling Approach for Active Distribution Network with Multiple Virtual Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Li ◽  
Dongmei Zhao ◽  
Baicang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Virtual Power ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Active Distribution Network ◽  
Active Distribution System ◽  
Virtual Power Plants

In order to build an active distribution system with multi virtual power plants (VPP), a decentralized two-stage stochastic dispatching model based on synchronous alternating direction multiplier method (SADMM) was proposed in this paper. Through the integration of distributed energy and large-scale electric vehicles (EV) in the distribution network by VPP group, coordinative complementarity, and global optimization were realized. On the premise of energy autonomy management of active distribution network (AND) and VPP, after ensuring the privacy of stakeholders, the power of tie-line was taken as decoupling variable based on SADMM. Furthermore, without the participation of central coordinators, the optimization models of VPPs and distribution networks were decoupled to achieve fully decentralized optimization. Aiming at minimizing their own operating costs, the VPPs aggregate distributed energy and large-scale EVs within their jurisdiction to interact with the upper distribution network. On the premise of keeping operation safe, the upper distribution network formulated the energy interaction plan with each VPP, and then, the global energy optimization management of the entire distribution system and the decentralized autonomy of each VPP were achieved. In order to improve the stochastic uncertainty of distributed renewable energy output, a two-stage stochastic optimization method including pre-scheduling stage and rescheduling stage was adopted. The pre-scheduling stage was used to arrange charging and discharging plans of EV agents and output plans of micro gas turbines. The rescheduling stage was used to adjust the spare resources of micro gas turbines to deal with the uncertainty of distributed wind and light. An example of active distribution system with multi-VPPs was constructed by using the improved IEEE 33-bus system, then the validity of the model was verified.

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