scholarly journals Concepts for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Their Implications on the Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8166
Author(s):  
Stefan Sterlepper ◽  
Marcus Fischer ◽  
Johannes Claßen ◽  
Verena Huth ◽  
Stefan Pischinger
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Aftertreatment System ◽  
Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment

Hydrogen as carbon-free fuel is a very promising candidate for climate-neutral internal combustion engine operation. In comparison to other renewable fuels, hydrogen does obviously not produce CO2 emissions. In this work, two concepts of hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs) are investigated experimentally. One approach is the modification of a state-of-the-art gasoline passenger car engine using hydrogen direct injection. It targets gasoline-like specific power output by mixture enrichment down to stoichiometric operation. Another approach is to use a heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with spark ignition and hydrogen port fuel injection. Here, a diesel-like indicated efficiency is targeted through constant lean-burn operation. The measurement results show that both approaches are applicable. For the gasoline engine-based concept, stoichiometric operation requires a three-way catalyst or a three-way NOX storage catalyst as the primary exhaust gas aftertreatment system. For the diesel engine-based concept, state-of-the-art selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts can be used to reduce the NOx emissions, provided the engine calibration ensures sufficient exhaust gas temperature levels. In conclusion, while H2-ICEs present new challenges for the development of the exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, they are capable to realize zero-impact tailpipe emission operation.

DIESEL ENGINE OPERATION IN USE OF FUEL WITH ADDITIVES

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Petar Kazakov ◽  
Atanas Iliev ◽  
Emil Marinov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Positive Effects

Over the decades, more attention has been paid to emissions from the means of transport and the use of different fuels and combustion fuels for the operation of internal combustion engines than on fuel consumption. This, in turn, enables research into products that are said to reduce fuel consumption. The report summarizes four studies of fuel-related innovation products. The studies covered by this report are conducted with diesel fuel and usually contain diesel fuel and three additives for it. Manufacturers of additives are based on already existing studies showing a 10-30% reduction in fuel consumption. Comparative experimental studies related to the use of commercially available diesel fuel with and without the use of additives have been performed in laboratory conditions. The studies were carried out on a stationary diesel engine СМД-17КН equipped with brake КИ1368В. Repeated results were recorded, but they did not confirm the significant positive effect of additives on specific fuel consumption. In some cases, the factors affecting errors in this type of research on the effectiveness of fuel additives for commercial purposes are considered. The reasons for the positive effects of such use of additives in certain engine operating modes are also clarified.

scholarly journals Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurements in Diagnostics of Turbocharged Marine Internal Combustion Engines Part I Standard Measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Korczewski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Measuring Signal ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Abstract The article discusses the problem of diagnostic informativeness of exhaust gas temperature measurements in turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Theoretical principles of the process of exhaust gas flow in turbocharger inlet channels are analysed in its dynamic and energetic aspects. Diagnostic parameters are defined which enable to formulate general evaluation of technical condition of the engine based on standard online measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. A proposal is made to extend the parametric methods of diagnosing workspaces in turbocharged marine engines by analysing time-histories of enthalpy changes of the exhaust gas flowing to the turbocompressor turbine. Such a time-history can be worked out based on dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature, performed using a specially designed sheathed thermocouple. The first part of the article discusses possibilities to perform diagnostic inference about technical condition of a marine engine with pulse turbocharging system based on standard measurements of exhaust gas temperature in characteristic control cross-sections of its thermal and flow system. Selected metrological issues of online exhaust gas temperature measurements in those engines are discusses in detail, with special attention being focused on the observed disturbances and thermodynamic interpretation of the recorded measuring signal. Diagnostic informativeness of the exhaust gas temperature measurements performed in steady-state conditions of engine operation is analysed in the context of possible evaluations of technical condition of the engine workspaces, the injection system, and the fuel delivery process.

Model-based compressor surge avoidance algorithm for internal combustion engines utilizing cylinder deactivation during motoring conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741988347
Author(s):  
Alexander H Taylor ◽  
Troy E Odstrcil ◽  
Aswin K Ramesh ◽  
Gregory M Shaver ◽  
Edward Koeberlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Aftertreatment System ◽  
Cylinder Deactivation ◽  
Valve Motion ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Intake Manifold Pressure

Cylinder deactivation is an efficient strategy for diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment thermal management. Temperatures in excess of 200 °C are necessary for peak NO x conversion efficiency of the aftertreatment system. However, during non-fired engine operation, known as motoring, conventional diesel engines pump low-temperature air through the aftertreatment system. One strategy to mitigate this is to deactivate valve motion during engine motoring. There is a specific condition where care must be taken to avoid compressor surge during the onset of valve deactivated motoring when following high load operation. This study proposes and validates an algorithm which (1) predicts the intake manifold pressure increase instigated while transitioning into cylinder deactivation during motoring, (2) estimates future mass air flow, and (3) avoids compressor surge by implementing staged cylinder deactivation during the onset of engine motoring operation.

scholarly journals Energetic Analysis of the Aircraft Diesel Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Łukasz Grabowski ◽  
Konrad Pietrykowski ◽  
Paweł Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Energetic Analysis

The analysis of the distribution of thermal energy generated during the combustion process in internal combustion engines and the estimation of individual losses are important regarding performance and efficiency. The article analyses the energy balance of the designed two-stroke opposed piston diesel engines with offset, i.e. the angle by which the crankshaft at the side of exhaust ports is ahead of the crankshaft at the side of intake ports. Based on the developed zero-dimensional engine model, a series of simulations were performed in steady-state conditions using the AVL BOOST software. The values of individual energy losses, including cooling losses, exhaust gas losses, friction losses were obtained. The influence of decreasing and increasing the offset on the performance of the tested engine was analysed.

Experimental Studies on the Performance of C.I Engine with Fish Oil Methyl Ester as Fuel for Various Blends of Diesel and LPG

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 687-691
Author(s):  
Tarigonda Hari Prasad ◽  
R. Meenakshi Reddy ◽  
P. Mallikarjuna Rao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Inlet Manifold

Fossil fuels are exhausting quickly because of incremental utilization rate due to increase population and essential comforts on par with civilization. In this connection, the conventional fuels especially petrol and diesel for internal combustion engines, are getting exhausted at an alarming rate. In order to plan for survival of technology in future it is necessary to plan for alternate fuels. Further, these fossil fuels cause serious environmental problems as they release toxic gases into the atmosphere at high temperatures and concentrations. The predicted global energy consumption is increasing at faster rate. In view of this and many other related issues, these fuels will have to be replaced completely or partially by less harmful alternative, eco-friendly and renewable source fuels for the internal combustion engines. Hence, throughout the world, lot of research work is in progress pertaining to suitability and feasibility of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is one of the promising sources of energy to mitigate both the serious problems of the society viz., depletion of fossil fuels and environmental pollution. In the present work, experiments are carried out on a Single cylinder diesel engine which is commonly used in agricultural sector. Experiments are conducted by fuelling the diesel engine with bio-diesel with LPG through inlet manifold. The engine is properly modified to operate under dual fuel operation using LPG through inlet manifold as fuel along FME as ignition source. The brake thermal efficiency of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend is increased at an average of 5% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. HC emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend are reduced by about at an average of 21% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. CO emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blends are reduced at an average of 33.6% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. NOx emissions of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend are reduced at an average of 4.4% when compared to the pure diesel fuel. Smoke opacity of FME with LPG (2LPM) blend is reduced at an average of 10% when compared to the pure diesel fuel.

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