scholarly journals Evaluating the Potential Contribution of District Heating to the Flexibility of the Future Italian Power System

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Chiara Magni ◽  
Sylvain Quoilin ◽  
Alessia Arteconi
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Promising Solution

Flexibility is crucial to enable the penetration of high shares of renewables in the power system while ensuring the security and affordability of the electricity dispatch. In this regard, heat–electricity sector coupling technologies are considered a promising solution for the integration of flexible devices such as thermal storage units and heat pumps. The deployment of these devices would also enable the decarbonization of the heating sector, responsible for around half of the energy consumption in the EU, of which 75% is currently supplied by fossil fuels. This paper investigates in which measure the diffusion of district heating (DH) coupled with thermal energy storage (TES) units can contribute to the overall system flexibility and to the provision of operating reserves for energy systems with high renewable penetration. The deployment of two different DH supply technologies, namely combined heat and power units (CHP) and large-scale heat pumps (P2HT), is modeled and compared in terms of performance. The case study analyzed is the future Italian energy system, which is simulated through the unit commitment and optimal dispatch model Dispa-SET. Results show that DH coupled with heat pumps and CHP units could enable both costs and emissions related to the heat–electricity sector to be reduced by up to 50%. DH systems also proved to be a promising solution to grant the flexibility and resilience of power systems with high shares of renewables by significantly reducing the curtailment of renewables and cost-optimally providing up to 15% of the total upward reserve requirements.

scholarly journals A Study on Optimal Power System Reinforcement Measures Following Renewable Energy Expansion

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5929
Author(s):  
Hyuk-Il Kwon ◽  
Yun-Sung Cho ◽  
Sang-Min Choi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Static And Dynamic Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reinforcement Measures

Renewable energy generation capacity in Korea is expected to reach about 63.8 GW by 2030 based on calculations using values from a power plan survey (Korea’s renewable energy power generation project plan implemented in September 2017) and the “3020” implementation plan prescribed in the 8th Basic Plan for Long-Term Electricity Supply and Demand that was announced in 2017. In order for the electrical grid to accommodate this capacity, an appropriate power system reinforcement plan is critical. In this paper, a variety of scenarios are constructed involving renewable energy capacity, interconnection measures and reinforcement measures. Based on these scenarios, the impacts of large-scale renewable energy connections on the future power systems are analyzed and a reinforcement plan is proposed based on the system assessment results. First, the scenarios are categorized according to their renewable energy interconnection capacity and electricity supply and demand, from which a database is established. A dynamic model based on inverter-based resources is applied to the scenarios here. The transmission lines, high-voltage direct current and flexible alternating current transmission systems are reinforced to increase the stability and capabilities of the power systems considered here. Reinforcement measures are derived for each stage of renewable penetration based on static and dynamic analysis processes. As a result, when large-scale renewable energy has penetrated some areas in the future in Korean power systems, the most stable systems could be optimally configured by applying interconnection measure two and reinforcement measure two as described here. To verify the performance of the proposed methodology, in this paper, comprehensive tests are performed based on predicted large-scale power systems in 2026 and 2031. Database creation and simulation are performed semi-automatically here using Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) and Python.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Alberto Vannoni ◽  
Alessandro Sorce ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Aristide Fausto Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
Economic Point

The heating and cooling sector, responsible for a large fraction of greenhouse emissions, may have a large scale impact on the energy system evolution contributing to smart industrial and domestic electrification; at the same time the recent increase of renewable energy sources installation, posing a threat in terms of grid stability, makes available a considerable amount of clean and cheap electrical energy during peak hours production. Power to heat technologies constitute a promising solution to face both these issues reducing the electric demand variability and decarbonizing the heat production. Large vapor compression heat pumps are a reliable technology able to compete, under the economic point of view, with the heat-only-boilers in order to serve district heating networks. Performance and economic profitability of a compression cycle is strongly dependent on available thermal source and the temperature of water delivered to the network. The present work explores and compares performance and economic indicators under different installation conditions, considering compression heat pumps employing four different fluids: a traditional HCF (R134a) and three natural fluids, ammonia (R717), butane (R600), and propane (R290), often preferred nowadays to HCFs due to the lower global warming potential.

scholarly journals Ancillary Services in Honduras, Regulatory Framework and Proposals for Its Development in the System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Jorge Andrés Pérez ◽  
Ellis Moisés Reyes ◽  
Tannia Karina Vindel
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Ancillary Services ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Control Voltage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Power Systems Operation

The ancillary services are essential in the power Systems operation, historically this services haven’t been regulated in any way in Honduras. There have been changes recently into the regulatory framework in the entire electricity sector alongside the large-scale injection of photovoltaic and wind powered centrals in the System. Considering these scenarios, the ancillary services become a necessity in terms of the operation for the power system and the stability associated with it. In this paper, we analyze the technical and economic aspects related to the frequency control, voltage control and blackstart services, we compare the services provided in different countries and how it is possible to adapt the successful cases to the Honduran power system.

scholarly journals 5th generation district heating and cooling systems as a solution for renewable urban thermal energy supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stef Boesten ◽  
Wilfried Ivens ◽  
Stefan C. Dekker ◽  
Herman Eijdems
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Abstract. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease dependency on depleting fossil fuel resources the shift to a renewable energy system is necessary. District heating and cooling systems are a viable solution to provide heat and cold in urban environments. Renewable heat and cold sources that may get incorporated in future urban energy systems will not provide the same high temperature output as current fossil fuel fired systems. Fifth generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) systems are decentralized, bi-directional, close to ground temperature networks that use direct exchange of warm and cold return flows and thermal storage to balance thermal demand as much as possible. 5GDHC offers a way to incorporate low temperature renewable heat sources including shallow geothermal energy, as well as reduce total demand by recuperating generated heat from cooling and generated cold from heating. The large scale of 5GDHC allows for optimal design of technical parts like heat pumps and thermal storage vessels, while increasing overall system efficiency by incorporating a large variety of supply and demand profiles. We provide a definition for 5GDHC and show how this concept differs from conventional district heating systems. The Mijnwater system in Heerlen, the Netherlands is showing what a city-level 5GDHC system can look like.

scholarly journals A Method for Optimizing and Spatially Distributing Heating Systems by Coupling an Urban Energy Simulation Platform and an Energy System Model

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Annette Steingrube ◽  
Keyu Bao ◽  
Stefan Wieland ◽  
Andrés Lalama ◽  
Pithon M. Kabiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Building Level

District heating is seen as an important concept to decarbonize heating systems and meet climate mitigation goals. However, the decision related to where central heating is most viable is dependent on many different aspects, like heating densities or current heating structures. An urban energy simulation platform based on 3D building objects can improve the accuracy of energy demand calculation on building level, but lacks a system perspective. Energy system models help to find economically optimal solutions for entire energy systems, including the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat, but do not usually provide information on building level. Coupling both methods through a novel heating grid disaggregation algorithm, we propose a framework that does three things simultaneously: optimize energy systems that can comprise all demand sectors as well as sector coupling, assess the role of centralized heating in such optimized energy systems, and determine the layouts of supplying district heating grids with a spatial resolution on the street level. The algorithm is tested on two case studies; one, an urban city quarter, and the other, a rural town. In the urban city quarter, district heating is economically feasible in all scenarios. Using heat pumps in addition to CHPs increases the optimal amount of centrally supplied heat. In the rural quarter, central heat pumps guarantee the feasibility of district heating, while standalone CHPs are more expensive than decentral heating technologies.

scholarly journals A Novel Methodology for Adaptive Coordination of Multiple Controllers in Electrical Grids

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Ruben Tapia-Olvera ◽  
Francisco Beltran-Carbajal ◽  
Antonio Valderrabano-Gonzalez ◽  
Omar Aguilar-Mejia
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Positive Interaction

This proposal is aimed to overcome the problem that arises when diverse regulation devices and controlling strategies are involved in electric power systems regulation design. When new devices are included in electric power system after the topology and regulation goals were defined, a new design stage is generally needed to obtain the desired outputs. Moreover, if the initial design is based on a linearized model around an equilibrium point, the new conditions might degrade the whole performance of the system. Our proposal demonstrates that the power system performance can be guaranteed with one design stage when an adequate adaptive scheme is updating some critic controllers’ gains. For large-scale power systems, this feature is illustrated with the use of time domain simulations, showing the dynamic behavior of the significant variables. The transient response is enhanced in terms of maximum overshoot and settling time. This is demonstrated using the deviation between the behavior of some important variables with StatCom, but without or with PSS. A B-Spline neural networks algorithm is used to define the best controllers’ gains to efficiently attenuate low frequency oscillations when a short circuit event is presented. This strategy avoids the parameters and power system model dependency; only a dataset of typical variable measurements is required to achieve the expected behavior. The inclusion of PSS and StatCom with positive interaction, enhances the dynamic performance of the system while illustrating the ability of the strategy in adding different controllers in only one design stage.

scholarly journals The Flexible Operation of Coal Power and Its Renewable Integration Potential in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunning Na ◽  
Huan Pan ◽  
Yuhong Zhu ◽  
Jiahai Yuan ◽  
Lixia Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Integration ◽  
Flexible Resources ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Coal Power ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Flexible Operation

At present time, China’s power systems face significant challenges in integrating large-scale renewable energy and reducing the curtailed renewable energy. In order to avoid the curtailment of renewable energy, the power systems need significant flexibility requirements in China. In regions where coal is still heavily relied upon for generating electricity, the flexible operations of coal power units will be the most feasible option to face these challenges. The study first focused on the reasons why the flexible operation of existing coal power units would potentially promote the integration of renewable energy in China and then reviewed the impacts on the performance levels of the units. A simple flexibility operation model was constructed to estimate the integration potential with the existing coal power units under several different scenarios. This study’s simulation results revealed that the existing retrofitted coal power units could provide flexibility in the promotion of the integration of renewable energy in a certain extent. However, the integration potential increment of 20% of the rated power for the coal power units was found to be lower than that of 30% of the rated power. Therefore, by considering the performance impacts of the coal power units with low performances in load operations, it was considered to not be economical for those units to operate at lower than 30% of the rated power. It was believed that once the capacity share of the renewable energy had achieved a continuously growing trend, the existing coal power units would fail to meet the flexibility requirements. Therefore, it was recommended in this study that other flexible resources should be deployed in the power systems for the purpose of reducing the curtailment of renewable energy. Furthermore, based on this study’s obtained evidence, in order to realize a power system with high proportions of renewable energy, China should strive to establish a power system with adequate flexible resources in the future.

Decentralized H ∞ control for damping power system oscillations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Jie Li ◽  
Tek Lie
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Simulation ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Disturbance Attenuation ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Stability Robustness ◽  
Norm Bound

AbstractInter-area oscillations are serious problems to large-scale power systems. A decentralized H ∞ generator excitation controller of a power system is proposed to damp the inter-area oscillations and to enhance power system stability. The design procedure for a linear composite system is presented in terms of positive semi-definite solutions to modified algebraic inequalities. The resulting controller guarantees closed-loop stability, robustness and an H ∞-norm bound on disturbance attenuation even under uncertainties such as high frequency noise. The control is decentralized in the sense that the control of each generator depends on local information only. The effectiveness of the H ∞ controller is demonstrated through digital simulation studies on a two-machine power system.

scholarly journals Day-ahead Market Modelling of Large-scale Highly-renewable Multi-energy Systems: Analysis of the North Sea Region Towards 2050

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Gea Bermúdez ◽  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Hardi Koduvere ◽  
Matti Juhani Koivisto
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Commitment ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Integer Variables ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

This paper proposes a mathematical model to simulate Day-ahead markets of large-scale multi-energy systems with high share of renewable energy. Furthermore, it analyses the importance of including unit commitment when performing such analysis. The results of the case study, which is performed for the North Sea region, show the influence of massive renewable penetration in the energy sector and increasing electrification of the district heating sector towards 2050, and how this impacts the role of other energy sources such as thermal and hydro. The penetration of wind and solar is likely to challenge the need for balancing in the system as well as the profitability of thermal units. The degree of influence of the unit commitment approach is found to be dependent on the configuration of the energy system. Overall, including unit commitment constraints with integer variables leads to more realistic behaviour of the units, at the cost of increasing considerably the computational time. Relaxing integer variables reduces significantly the computational time, without highly compromising the accuracy of the results. The proposed model, together with the insights from the study case, can be specially useful for system operators for optimal operational planning.

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