scholarly journals Innovative Milling Processes to Improve the Technological and Nutritional Quality of Parboiled Brown Rice Pasta from Contrasting Amylose Content Cultivars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1316
Author(s):  
Federica Taddei ◽  
Elena Galassi ◽  
Francesca Nocente ◽  
Laura Gazza
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
High Amylose

The demand for gluten-free products, including pasta, is increasing and rice pasta accounts for the largest share of this market. Usually, the production of rice pasta requires additives or specific technological processes able to improve its texture, cooking quality, and sensory properties. In this work, two rice cultivars, with different amylose content, were subjected to parboiling, micronization, and flour air fractionation to obtain brown rice pasta, without any supplement but rice itself. In particular, two types of pasta (spaghetti shape) were produced, one from 100% micronized wholemeal, and the other from refined rice flour replaced with 15% of the air-fractionated fine fraction. Regardless of the cultivar, pasta from wholemeal micronized flour showed higher protein and fiber content than refined flour enriched with fine fraction, whereas no differences were revealed in resistant starch and antioxidant capacity. Pasta from the high amylose content genotype showed the highest resistant starch content and the lowest predicted glycemic index along with sensorial characteristics as good as durum semolina pasta in fine fraction enriched pasta. Besides the technological processes, pasta quality was affected the most by the genotype, since pasta obtained from high amylose cv Gladio resulted in the best in terms of technological and sensory quality.

scholarly journals Improvement of resistant starch content and baking quality of cross-linked soft rice flour

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1695-1703
Author(s):  
Chae Eun Lee ◽  
Junhee No ◽  
Kyongae Lee ◽  
Malshick Shin
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Baking Quality

Exploring high amylose rice in combination with carboxymethyl cellulose for preparation of low glycemic index gluten-free shelf-stable cookies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bazila Naseer ◽  
Haroon Rashid Naik ◽  
Syed Zameer Hussain ◽  
Tashooq Bhat ◽  
Abdul Rouf
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Shelf Stable

PurposeLow glycemic index gluten-free cookies from high amylose rice flour were prepared by modifying baking conditions and ingredient composition.Design/methodology/approachBaking temperature, baking time, and concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were varied between 170 and 190° C, 12–25 min, and 0.2–1%, respectively, using central composite rotatable design. The developed cookies were packed in metalized polyester pouches and stored under ambient conditions for a period of 90 days.FindingsWidth and bulk density of cookies increased significantly (p < 0.05) with an increase in baking temperature, while thickness, baking loss and yield decreased with an increase in baking temperature. Puffiness increased predominantly with the increase in the concentration of CMC. Design expert predicted baking temperature of 185° C, baking time of 22 min, and 0.8% concentration of CMC as desirable conditions for the development of gluten-free cookies from rice flour. Cookies developed after following optimized conditions recorded dietary fiber of 4.66%, resistant starch (RS) content of 7.20% and predicted glycemic index (pGI) of 44.60. RS, pGI, moisture, water activity, free fatty acids and peroxide value increased significantly, whereas hardness and overall acceptability decreased during storage.RPractical implicationsGluten-free (GF) foods are in high demand globally due to the prevalence of celiac disease. Rice lacks gluten protein, and thus, can serve as a potential raw material for the development of GF cookies. In the present study, the ingredient modification and freezing interventions during baking were found to be crucial if the development of low GI gluten-free cookies having good RS content is targeted. Optimized GF cookies prepared via technological intervention and packed in metalized polyester were shelf stable for up to 3 months under ambient conditions. Furthermore, resistant starch content was enhanced while the predicted glycemic index was decreased during storage. Adoption of baking conditions and CMC level optimized in the present study can help to develop shelf-stable GF bakery products for people suffering from comorbidities like celiac disease and diabetes.Originality/valueResistant starch content was enhanced while predicted glycemic index was decreased during storage of gluten-free cookies prepared from high amylose rice flour. The developed cookies can be a complementary diet to people suffering from comorbidities like celiac disease and diabetes.

scholarly journals Triple null mutations in starch synthase SSIIa gene homoeologs lead to high amylose and resistant starch in hexaploid wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Schoen ◽  
Anupama Joshi ◽  
Vijay K Tiwari ◽  
Bikram S. Gill ◽  
Nidhi Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Individual Genome ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
Knock Out

Abstract Background: Lack of nutritionally appropriate foods is one of the leading causes of obesity in the US and worldwide. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) provides 20% of the calories consumed daily across the globe. The nutrients in the wheat grain come primarily from the starch composed of amylose and amylopectin. Resistant starch content, which is known to have significant human health benefits, can be increased by modifying starch synthesis pathways. Starch synthase enzyme SSIIa, also known as starch granule protein isoform-1 (SGP-1), is integral to the biosynthesis of the branched and readily digestible glucose polymer amylopectin. The goal of this work was to develop a triple null mutant genotype for SSIIa locus in the elite hard red winter wheat variety ‘Jagger’ and evaluate the effect of the knock-out mutations on resistant starch content in grains with respect to wild type. Results: Knock-out mutations in SSIIa in the three genomes of wheat variety ‘Jagger’ were identified using TILLING. Subsequently, these loss-of function mutations on A, B, and D genomes were combined by crossing to generate a triple knockout mutant genotype Jag-ssiia-∆ABD. The Jag-ssiia-∆ABD had an amylose content of 35.70% compared to 31.15% in Jagger, leading to ~118% increase in resistant starch in the Jag-ssiia-∆ABD genotype of Jagger wheat. The single individual genome mutations also had various effects on starch composition. Conclusions: Our full null Jag-ssiia-∆ABD mutant showed a significant increase in RS without the shriveled grain phenotype seen in other ssiia knockouts in elite wheat cultivars. Moreover, this study shows the potential for developing nutritionally improved foods in a non-GM approach. Since all the mutants have been developed in an elite wheat cultivar, their adoption in production and supply will be feasible in future.

DNA Fingerprint and Determination of Functional Components for Rice with Diabetes Prevention

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1566-1569
Author(s):  
Ya Wen Zeng ◽  
Ying Zeng ◽  
Zheng Gu Pu ◽  
Yu Chen Wang ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Polished Rice ◽  
The World ◽  
Functional Components

31 Functional components of polished and brown rice and 50 SSR markers fingerprint for boro groups collected from 41 farmers from two village in Xinping county were investigated. The results as follows: We have bred first from rice landrace that Gongmi No. 3 with the highest resistant starch in the world, its resistant starch content of uncooked and cooked of polished rice are 8.0%~8.5% and 10%~13% respectively; meanwhile constructed the DNA fingerprinting of Xinpingzaoxian and Gongmi No.3 with high resistant starch based on 50 SSR markers. The cooked Xinpingzaoxian were steaming again and air-dried,then the resistant starch content were up to 12.2%; At present, Gongmi No.3 is the most ideal rice products to prevent chronic diseases in the World, especially for diabetes. The total amino acids, 4 amino acids and sulfur elements of brown and polished rice for Xinpingzaoxian with high resistant starch, which relatively distribute evenly in scytoblastema and endosperm, but 5 amino acids are unevenly distributed. Iron and zinc content of polished rice is 5.55% and 21.21% of brown rice, respectively.

scholarly journals Quality of gluten-free cookies from germinated brown rice flour

Food Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.F. Bolarinwa ◽  
P.T. Lim ◽  
Kharidah Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Germinated Brown Rice ◽  
Brown Rice Flour

scholarly journals High Resistant Starch Rice: Variation in Starch Related SNPs, and Functional, and Sensory Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Karen Bett-Garber ◽  
Jeanne Lea ◽  
Anna McClung ◽  
Christine Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Pairwise Correlation ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Coating Roughness ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Processing Properties ◽  
Texture Attributes

Human diets containing greater resistant starch (RS) are associated with superior glycemic control. Although high amylose rice has higher RS (29 g/kg to 44 g/kg) than lower amylose content varieties, sensory and processing properties associated with RS have not been evaluated. This study used variants of Waxy and starch synthase II a (SSIIa) genes to divide high amylose (256 g/kg to 284 g/kg) varieties into three haplotypes to examine their effects on RS, RVA parameters, and 14 cooked rice texture properties. RVA characteristics were influenced by both genes with peak and hotpaste viscosity differentiating the three haplotypes. Setback from hotpaste viscosity was the only RVA parameter correlated with RS content across three haplotypes (r = −0.76 to −0.93). Cooked rice texture attributes were impacted more by Waxy than by SSIIa with initial starch coating, roughness, and intact particles differentiating the three haplotypes. Pairwise correlation (r = 0.46) and PCA analyses suggested that roughness was the only texture attribute associated with RS content; while protein content influenced roughness (r = 0.49) and stickiness between grains (r = 0.45). In conclusion, variation exists among genetic haplotypes with high RS for sensory traits that will appeal to diverse consumers across the globe with limited concern for negatively affecting grain processing quality.

scholarly journals The effect of extrusion cooking on resistant starch formation in rice flour snack enriched with chicory root

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Branislava Đermanović ◽  
Jovana Kojić ◽  
Jelena Krulj ◽  
Jelena Perović ◽  
Lidija Peić-Tukuljac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Extrusion Cooking ◽  
Screw Speed ◽  
Chicory Root ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Extruded Products

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of extrusion process variables on the resistant starch content (RS) in a sample of rice snacks with added chicory root (addition: from 20-40%). The effect of different levels of feed moisture (16.3 to 22.5%) and screw speed (500 to 900) rpm, as well as chicory root addition, during extrusion cooking on the resistant starch content of extruded products, was investigated. Results of our experiments have demonstrated a decrease in the resistant starch content after extrusion, which is also observed in some other studies. The resistant starch content was in a range of 0.1302 g/100g to 0.5302 g/100g. According to Yoon's model, the screw speed had the greatest negative influence, while the increased feed moisture had a positive effect on resistant starch content, as well as the share of chicory addition.

scholarly journals Generation and Starch Characterization of Non-Transgenic BEI and BEIIb Double Mutant Rice (Oryza sativa) with Ultra-high Level of Resistant Starch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Miura ◽  
Nana Koyama ◽  
Naoko Crofts ◽  
Yuko Hosaka ◽  
Misato Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Cereals high in resistant starch (RS) are gaining popularity, as their intake is thought to help manage diabetes and prediabetes. Number of patients suffering from diabetes is also increasing in Asian countries where people consume rice as a staple food, hence generation of practically growable high RS rice line has been anticipated. It is known that suppression of starch branching enzyme (BE) IIb increases RS content in cereals. To further increase RS content and for more practical use, we generated a non-transgenic be1 be2b double mutant rice (Oryza sativa) line, which completely lacked both proteins, by crossing a be1 mutant with a be2b mutant. Results The be1 be2b mutant showed a decrease in intermediate amylopectin chains and an increase in long amylopectin chains compared with be2b. The amylose content of be1 be2b mutant (51.7%) was the highest among all pre-existing non-transgenic rice lines. To understand the effects of chewing steamed rice and cooking rice flour on RS content, RS content of mashed and un-mashed steamed rice as well as raw and gelatinized rice flour were measured using be1 be2b and its parent mutant lines. The RS contents of mashed steamed rice and raw rice flour of be1 be2b mutant (28.4% and 35.1%, respectively) were 3-fold higher than those of be2b mutant. Gel-filtration analyses of starch treated with digestive enzymes showed that the RS in be1 be2b mutant was composed of the degradation products of amylose and long amylopectin chains. Seed weight of be1 be2b mutant was approximately 60% of the wild type and rather heavier than that of be2b mutant. Conclusions The endosperm starch in be1 be2b double mutant rice were enriched with long amylopectin chains. This led to a great increase in RS content in steamed rice grains and rice flour in be1 be2b compared with be2b single mutant. be1 be2b generated in this study must serve as a good material for an ultra-high RS rice cultivar.

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