scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids (MAAs) from Porphyra yezoensis in a Mouse Model of UV Irradiation-Induced Photoaging

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Rui Ying ◽  
Zhaohui Zhang ◽  
Huiying Zhu ◽  
Bafang Li ◽  
Hu Hou
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Porphyra Yezoensis ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

The objective of this research was to extract and prepare mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and investigate the mechanism by which they act against UV-induced skin photoaging in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR ) mice. MAAs such as porphyra-334 and shinorine were extracted from Porphyra yezoensis, separated, and purified using column chromatography with SA-2 cation exchange resin. The effects of MAAs on the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, namely total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed in mouse skin tissue. Pathological changes of skin tissue caused by ultraviolet radiation and the arrangement of collagen were observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-10 were detected using the quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The concentration and expression of these proinflammatory cytokines was associated with the presence of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. The results show that MAA compounds from Porphyra yezoensis could suppress UV-induced photoaging of skin by inhibiting the reduction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Compared to the control group, the concentrations of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT increased significantly in skin tissue homogenate following the external administration of MAAs (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), while the content of MDA decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the administration of MAAs was associated with down-regulations in the concentration and mRNA expression of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10. The results suggest that MAAs could protect skin from photodamage by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibiting inflammation.

The effects of desferrioxamine on cisplatininduced lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rat kidneys

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kadikoylu ◽  
Z Bolaman ◽  
S Demir ◽  
M Balkaya ◽  
N Akalin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Group V ◽  
Super Oxide Dismutase ◽  
Cervical Dislocation ◽  
Rat Kidneys

Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with an increase in lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radicals in rat kidneys. In this study, the effects of desferrioxamine were compared to vitamin C and E on cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rat kidneys. Rats were divided into five groups, with 15 Wistar rats in each group. In the control group, rats received 1 mL/100 g isotonic saline solution intraperitoneally (i.p.). In Group II, 10 mg/kg cisplatin i.p. was injected to rats. Thirty minutes before the same dosage of cisplatin administration, 100 mg/kg i.p. vitamin C or E was given to rats in groups III and IV, respectively. Rats in Group V received 250 mg/kg desferrioxamine i.p., before the same dose of cisplatin administration. All rats were killed by cervical dislocation after 72 hours. The kidneys were immediately removed and washed in cold saline. Spectrophotometric method was used for all analyses. While catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), and super oxide dismutase (SOD) levels were found to be significantly decreased (P B < 0.001), malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (P < 0.001) levels were significantly increased in the cisplatin group when compared to the controls. MDA levels were decreased by desferrioxamine (P < 0.005) as well as vitamin C and E (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). These three compounds induced a significant increase in SOD levels (P B < 0.05), but only in the vitamin C group, were SOD levels not significantly different than the levels of the controls (P > 0.05). In the desferrioxamine (P < 0.05), vitamin C and E groups (P < 0.001 for both), the cisplatin elevated H2O2 levels were decreased. None of these drugs had any effect on GR and catalase levels (P > 0.05). Desferrioxamine is useful to prevent cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation, however, vitamin C and E are more effective on antioxidant enzymes than desferrioxamine.

Effect of alpha-lipoic acid on boar spermatozoa quality during freezing–thawing

Zygote ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Shen ◽  
Zhong-Liang Jiang ◽  
Cong-Jun Li ◽  
Xiao-Chen Hu ◽  
Qing-Wang Li
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

SummaryAlpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is known to be a natural antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of ALA on the motility of boar spermatozoa and its antioxidant effect on boar spermatozoa during freezing–thawing. Different concentrations (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 or 10.0 mg/ml) of ALA were added to the extender used to freeze boar semen, and the effects on the quality and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities of frozen–thawed spermatozoa were assessed. The results indicated that the addition of ALA to the extender resulted in a higher percentage of motile spermatozoa post-thaw (P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and catalase improved after adding ALA to the extender (P < 0.05). Artificial insemination results showed that pregnancy rate and litter size were significantly higher at 6.0 mg/ml in the ALA group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ALA conferred a cryoprotective capacity to the extender used for boar semen during the process of freezing–thawing, and the optimal concentration of ALA for the frozen extender was 6.0 mg/ml.

Alpha lipoic acid supplementation improved antioxidant enzyme activities in hemodialysis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mahdavi ◽  
Tannaz khabbazi ◽  
Javid Safa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in hemodialysis (HD) patients and oxidative stress is an important risk factor for CVD. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are primary antioxidant enzymes in human cells acting against toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their reduced activity may contribute to oxidative disorders in HD patients. Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) as a potent strong antioxidant may affect these enzymes. Objective: We examined the effects of ALA supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activities in HD patients. Method: In this double-blinded, randomized clinical trial, 63 HD patients (43 males and 20 females; age range: 22–79 years) were assigned into the ALA group (n: 31), receiving a daily dose of ALA (600 mg), or a control group (n: 32), receiving placebo for 8 weeks. Body mass index (BMI), antioxidant enzymes, albumin (Alb) and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined before and after intervention. Results: At baseline, the mean blood activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT in ALA group were 1032±366, 18.9±5.09 and 191±82.7 U/gHb which increased at the end of study to 1149±502, 19.1±7.19 and 208±86.6 U/gHb respectively. However, only the increase of SOD was statistically significant in comparison with placebo group (P = 0.04). The mean levels of Alb, Hb, weight and BMI were not significantly changed in study groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: ALA may be beneficial for HD patients by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes; however, further studies are needed to achieve precise results.

scholarly journals Gastroprotective and Antioxidative Effects of the Traditional Thai Polyherbal Formula Phy-Blica-D against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Sineenart Sanpinit ◽  
Piriya Chonsut ◽  
Chuchard Punsawad ◽  
Palika Wetchakul
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ulcer Area ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Antioxidative Effects

Phy-Blica-D is a traditional Thai polyherbal formula that has reduced oxidative stress in non-communicable diseases. However, evidence supporting the gastroprotective effects of Phy-Blica-D has not been previously reported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of Phy-Blica-D against gastric ulcers in rats and investigate the potential underlying mechanism. To estimate the possible mechanisms of action, we examined the levels of oxidative stress markers, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH). According to our results, rats treated with only 80% ethanol (vehicle group) exhibited significant increases in their ulcer area and ulcer index (UI). Moreover, the levels of ROS and MDA markedly increased in the vehicle group compared with the normal control group. Daily oral administration of Phy-Blica-D (500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 7 days not only significantly decreased the ulcer area and UI, but also remarkably decreased the ROS and MDA levels in gastric tissue. Gastric ulcers induced by ethanol had significantly decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant (GSH), whereas pretreatment with Phy-Blica-D significantly improved the activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH. Moreover, after exposure to ethanol, the rats exhibited a significantly increased level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was reduced after treatment with Phy-Blica-D. These findings suggest that Phy-Blica-D potentially exerts its gastroprotective effects by suppressing oxidative stress and stimulating antioxidant enzymes, which is one of the causes of destruction of cell membranes, and it is involved in the pathogenesis of acute gastric ulcers induced by ethanol.

scholarly journals Whole-body hyperthermia-induced thermotolerance is associated with the induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 in mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Yueh-Tsu King ◽  
Chih-Sheng Lin ◽  
Jyh-Hung Lin ◽  
Wen-Chuan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Whole Body Hyperthermia

SUMMARY Molecular mechanisms of whole-body thermotolerance (WBT) in mammals have not been investigated thoroughly. The purpose of this study was to assess the induction of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) and antioxidant enzyme activity in animal WBT, which was induced by whole-body hyperthermia (WBH) in mice. As a preconditioning treatment, WBH was applied to mice to induce WBT. Synthesis of inducible HSP70 (HSP70i) and quantification of its increased level in liver were investigated by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. HSP70i synthesis in mice liver was induced by non-lethal WBH (41°C, 30 min). When compared to control animals, the level of liver HSP70i increased substantially (by 3.6-fold; P&lt;0.0001). When exposed to 30 min of hyperthermia preconditioning, and after recovery for 48 h, the survival rate was 88.2 %, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (37.5 %; P&lt;0.01). Moreover, the survival rate of animals subjected to preconditioning for 15 min was 72.2 %, which was also significantly higher than that of the control group (P&lt;0.05). In contrast, the survival rate of animals subjected to preconditioning for 45 min was 63.5 %, which was not different from the control group. Nonetheless, the protection index of the group subjected to 15 min and 30 min of preconditioning was 1.93 and 2.37, respectively. Furthermore, to assess their contributions to WBT, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were also measured. After 48 h of recovery in preconditioned animals, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, had not changed significantly. To study the molecular mechanism of WBT, we successfully developed a mouse model and suggest that, rather than the activities of antioxidant enzymes, it is HSP70i that has a role to help animals survive during severe heat stress.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera extract on TNF-α and TGF-β expression in acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omnia Aly ◽  
Dalia M. Abouelfadl ◽  
Olfat G. Shaker ◽  
Gehan A. Hegazy ◽  
Ahmed M. Fayez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Background It has been reported that Moringa oleifera (MO) has different medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of Moringa oleifera extract on acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in albino rats on a biochemical and histological basis. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control group), healthy rates; group II (acetaminophen group), rates received acetaminophen for induction of liver fibrosis; group III (treated group), liver fibrosis of rates treated with Moringa oleifera extract; and group IV (prophylactic group), rates treated with Moringa oleifera extract before and after induction of liver fibrosis. Serum liver function parameters were quantified using a spectrophotometer, while tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transformed growth factor beta (TGF- β) in liver tissue homogenate by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and expression of liver tissue TNF-α and TGF-genes was measured by real-time PCR after extraction and purification. Hepatic tissue was also evaluated under a microscope for histopathological changes. Results Our results showed a significant decrease in liver enzymes, TNF-α, and TGF-β in the treated and prophylactic groups compared to the acetaminophen group, and our biochemical data were consistent with the histopathological findings confirming the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera extract. Conclusions Biochemical parameters and histopathology results provide evidence that Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract has a great potential to prevent and improve liver damage due to its protective activity.

scholarly journals The effects of acute hyperhomocysteinemia induced by DL-homocysteine or DL-homocysteine thiolactone on serum biochemical parameters, plasma antioxidant enzyme and cardiac acetylcholinesterase activities in the rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Dusko Kornjaca ◽  
Vladimir Zivkovic ◽  
Danijela Krstic ◽  
Mirjana Colovic ◽  
Marko Djuric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Homocysteine Thiolactone ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of DL-homocysteine (DL-Hcy) and DL-homocysteine thiolactone (DL-Hcy TLHC) on selected serum biochemical parameters, markers of oxidative stress and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in the plasma, as well as on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cardiac tissue homogenate in the rat. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups as follows: control group (1 mL 0.9% NaCl, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection), DL-Hcy group (8 mmol/kg body mass (b.m.), i.p.) or DL-Hcy TLHC group (8 mmol/kg b.m., i.p.). One hour after administration, the rats were euthanized, whole blood was collected for biochemical analysis, and the heart was excised. Following the i.p. administration of DL-Hcy and DL-Hcy TLHC, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were mostly significantly increased, while plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased. Administration of DL-Hcy and DL-Hcy TLHC significantly inhibited AChE activity in rat cardiac tissue. Our findings suggest that DL-Hcy and DL-Hcy TLHC exerted prooxidant effects; however, the decrease in MDA points to an inverse response to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. While both substances inhibited AChE activity in rat cardiac tissue, DL-Hcy TLHC induced stronger effects than DL-Hcy.

scholarly journals Changes in Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Metabolomic Profiles in the Guts of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Larvae Infected with Ascosphaera apis

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Li ◽  
Mengshang Hou ◽  
Yuanmei Qiu ◽  
Bian Zhao ◽  
Hongyi Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ascosphaera Apis ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Honey Bee Larvae

The fungus Ascosphaera apis, an obligate fungal pathogen of honey bee brood, causes chalkbrood disease in honey bee larvae worldwide. Biological characteristics of the fungal pathogen and the molecular interactions between A. apis and honey bees have been studied extensively. However, little is known about the effects of A. apis infection on antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolic profiles of the gut of honey bee larvae. In this study, sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and LC-MS based untargeted metabolomic analysis were employed to determine the changes in the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes and the metabolomic profiles in gut tissues of A. apis-infected larvae (105 A. apis spores per larva) and controls. Results showed that specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase were significantly higher in the guts of the control larvae than in the guts of the A. apis-infected larvae. The metabolomic data revealed that levels of 28 and 52 metabolites were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the guts of A. apis-infected larvae than in the guts of control larvae. The 5-oxo-ETE level in the infected larvae was two times higher than that in the control larvae. Elevated 5-oxo-ETE levels may act as a potential metabolic biomarker for chalkbrood disease diagnosis, suggesting that A. apis infection induced obvious oxidative stress in the honey bee larvae. The levels of metabolites such as taurine, docosahexaenoic acid, and L-carnitine involved in combating oxidative stress were significantly decreased in the gut of A. apis-infected larvae. Overall, our results suggest that A. apis infection may compromise the ability of infected larvae to cope with oxidative stress, providing new insight into changing patterns of physiological responses to A. apis infection in honey bee larvae by concurrent use of conventional biochemical assays and untargeted metabolomics.

scholarly journals The Effect of Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoria) on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Chris Adhiyanto ◽  
Lucky Briliantina ◽  
Narila Mutia Nasir ◽  
Hari Hendarto ◽  
Flori R Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Background: Indonesia is a country that has diversity of spices and types of cuisine. In the early 70s, the use of MSG (monosodium glutamate) as a flavor enhancer began to be popular in Indonesia. It replaces natural flavor such as sugar, salt or spices because its affordable price compared to natural flavor. MSG as food additive is added to foods that exceed limits and may cause a negative effect to the body. One of the effects is the increasing of free radicals that can lead to various degenerative diseases such as blood vessel disorders and others. White turmeric is a common spice that widely used by Indonesian. Several studies have reported the benefits of white turmeric as an antifungal, antimicrobial and so on. The objective of this research is to find the effects of white turmeric extract in improving endogenous antioxidants to suppress the free radical effects because of the excessive use of MSG.Materials and Method: We measured the activity of SOD, catalase and GSHreductase as endogenous antioxidants in mice treated with MSG and white turmeric. The subjects of this study used 24 Sprague Dawley male rats aged 2-6 months; weight 100-150 grams, which were randomly divided into 6 groups. The control group did not receive any treatment. The MSG group was given MSG (4800mg / kg/ day). Groups 3 and 4 were given MSG and white turmeric extract, respectively (100 mg / kg / day and 200 mg / kg / day). Groups 5 and 6 were given MSG and vitamin C respectively (250 mg / kg / day and 500 mg / kg/ day) after 14 days of treatment; the activity of enzyme measured by Abcam Enzyme Kit and detected by Spectrophotometer Thermo Scientific Multi-scan Go.Result: The administration of white turmeric extracts will increase SOD and Catalase activity, and reduce GSH-reductase activity.Conclusion: White turmeric extract will help the work of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in counteracting free radicals produced from MSG metabolism.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 31-34

scholarly journals Influence of Various Antioxidants on Microscopic-Oxidative Stress Indicators and Fertilizing Ability of Frozen-Thawed Bull Semen

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serpil Sariözkan ◽  
Pürhan Barbaros Tuncer ◽  
Mustafa Numan Bucak ◽  
Pınar Alkım Ulutaş
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Fertilizing Ability ◽  
Thawing Process ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators

Cryopreservation is associated with the production of reactive oxygen substances (ROS), which lead to lipid peroxidation of sperm membranes, resulting in a loss of sperm motility, viability and fertility. The aim of this study was to determine effects of the antioxidants of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on standard semen indicators (motility, acrosome and total abnormalities, HOST), endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed bull semen. Eighteen ejaculates from each of 3 Holstein bulls were collected using an artificial vagina and 9 replicates of the ejaculates were diluted with a Bioxcell®-based extender supplemented with antioxidants, including BSA (5 mg/ml), GSH (2 mM), GGSG (2 mM), and an extender containing no antioxidants (control). Insemination doses (1.5 × 107 sperm/0.25 ml straw) were prepared for the insemination of cows at observed oestrus. Supplementation with antioxidants led to lower percentages of acrosome damage (4.0 ± 0.5%, 4.4 ± 0.5%, 4.0 ± 0.3%, respectively) and total abnormalities (10.3 ± 0.7%, 9.7 ± 0.8%, 10.4 ± 0.6%), compared to the controls (6.5 ± 0.6 and 14.9 ± 1.1% P < 0.01). Pregnancy rate after insemination was highest (72.2%) in the group which was given BSA (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among groups in GSH and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) enzyme activities. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities (0.05 ± 0.005, 0.03 ± 0.005, 0.05 ± 0.009 μkat/g protein, respectively) in all of the experimental groups with antioxidants were lower than the control group (0.11 ± 0.024 μkat/g protein, P < 0.001). Furthermore, BSA increased (P < 0.001) the activity of catalase (CAT, 304.23 ± 114.69 μkat/g protein), following the freezing-thawing process.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document