scholarly journals Flotation and Tailing Discarding of Copper Cobalt Sulfide Ores Based on the Process Mineralogy Characteristics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Wentao Hu ◽  
Kai Tian ◽  
Zhengyang Zhang ◽  
Jiuchuan Guo ◽  
Xinwei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Cobalt Sulfide ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Copper Sulfides ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Process Mineralogy ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristic

The mineral composition of copper–cobalt ores is more complex than that of copper sulfides, and it is also difficult to discard tailing efficiently in primary flotation for the fine-grained disseminated of ore. In this work, a mineral liberation analyzer (MLA) was employed to study the characteristics of minerals. As a significant mineralogical characteristic, the liberation degree of useful mineral aggregates was determined after grinding, and a correlation was established between the ore grinding size and mineralogical characteristics. The results showed that the adopted ore occurred in sulfide form. However, the particle size of the mineral’s monomer was fine grained, whereas its aggregate was coarse. The sulfide mineral aggregate obtained after primary grinding was selected as the recovery object, and its mineralogical characteristics, such as liberation degree and particle size, were investigated to promote total recovery in primary flotation. The copper–cobalt sulfide concentration was obtained at the following optimal conditions: the grinding size of −0.074 mm (65%), the aggregate’s liberation degree of 67%, a collector dosage of 50 g·t−1, a collector combination of 35% aerofloat + 65% butyl xanthate, a pH of 8.5, and 2# oil (a terpineol type foaming agent) dosage of 60 g·t−1. The recovered rough Cu and Co concentrates were 89.45% and 88.03%, respectively. Moreover, the grades of Cu and Co were 13.4% and 4.81%, respectively, with 85.07% of the ore weight discarded as tailing. The consideration of sulfide aggregates instead of singeral minerals mineralogy characters in primary grinding and primary flotation provides an effective theoretical guide for the sorting of sulfide minerals and reduction in the power consumption of grinding.

scholarly journals Process Mineralogy Characteristics and Flotation Application of a Refractory Collophanite from Guizhou, China

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1249
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Bo Shi ◽  
Yan Tian ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
Songqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mineral Liberation ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Process Mineralogy

A refractory phosphate ore obtained from Guizhou, China, contains high amounts of detrimental metal impurities (e.g., Fe, Al, and Mg) which affect the deep wet processing of phosphorus products before use. In this study, mineralogy parameters of the ore such as mineral composition, disseminated particle size, mineral liberation degree, and intergrowth relationship were investigated using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD), and advanced mineral identification and characterization system (AMICS). The mechanism for flotation separation was also discussed. The results showed that the ore was a fine-grained calcareous-siliceous collophanite with high P2O5 grade. The gangue minerals such as quartz, sericite (muscovite), pyrite, and dolomite were finely disseminated and encapsulated by fluoroapatite particles in a rather complex relationship. A double reverse flotation process was carried out based on the separation principle of less flotation and more inhibition. A phosphorous concentrate with a P2O5 grade of 35.53%, SiO2 content of 5.88%, MgO content of 0.91%, sesquioxide (Fe2O3+Al2O3) content of 1.98%, MER value of 8.13%, and phosphorus recovery of 75.04% was obtained. Based on the flotation test results and the analysis of process mineralogy parameters, we concluded that the main causes of difficulty in separation of collophanite are fine disseminated particle size, poor mineral liberation degree, and serious argillization. The selection of foam-controlled collectors, efficient dispersing inhibitors and classified desliming process will be necessary for improving flotation index. These results provide a technical reference for subsequent development and utilization of collophanite resources.

Process Mineralogy Study on a Sandstone Copper Ore

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 1603-1606
Author(s):  
Yan Xiong Fu ◽  
Bao Liang Ge ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Jing Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Gangue Mineral ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Copper Mineral ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Process Mineralogy ◽  
Object Of Study

In this thesis the object of study is a low grade sandstone copper with complex composition. Through the process mineralogy research on a sandstone copper ore,the result showed that the primary sulfide copper minerals are tetrahedrite and chalcopyrite; secondary sulfide copper minerals are bornite, chalcocite and azurite; the main oxide copper mineral is malachite; the main gangue mineral is quartz. The grade of copper is 0.77% and the oxidation rate is 45.45% in the run of mine, it is an oxide copper ore with not thoroughly oxidation. There is a part of disseminated particle size of copper minerals is relatively fine. Mainly sulfide copper minerals are paragenesis with dolomite and pyrite; oxide copper minerals are often blended with limonite. So the key of obtaining the good flotation index is selecting reasonably grinding fineness and making the part of fine-grained disseminated copper full liberation.

scholarly journals Failure Recovery In SDN: A Segment Routing Based Link Protection Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Shahriar Enan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Network ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Failure Recovery ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Memory Efficiency ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Local Recovery ◽  
Link Protection

The present computer network has been evolved into a complex structure with a growing challenge to manage and scale modern day’s requirements. A new approach to tackle these difficulties is SDN, which empowers network with programmability and is designed to perform fine grained traffic forwarding decisions. However, similar to the need of traditional networks, fault tolerance is necessary to achieve high availability. In this thesis, we propose a link protection method based on the Segment Routing (SR) for rapid failure recovery in OpenFlow based SDN. Our proposed scheme performs local recovery at the switch level without the controller intervention, thus significantly reducing the total recovery time. Additionally, it reduces initial load on the controller while proactively computing the backup paths by minimizing the algorithm complexity. Moreover, memory efficiency is achieved by using a per-link protection with aggregated flow rules instead of traditional per-flow based protection mechanism. In Segment Routing, we may encounter the limitation on the size of the label stack, known as Segment List Depth (SLD). Therefore, we also propose an efficient label encoding algorithm to mitigate the SLD impact.

SHEAR STRENGTH AND STIFFNESS BEHAVIOR OF FINE-GRAINED SOILS AT DIFFERENT SURFACE HYDRATION CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongki Lee ◽  
Dante Fratta ◽  
Idil Deniz Akin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Shear Stiffness ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Interparticle Forces ◽  
Fine Grained

We developed an experimental program to monitor how interparticle forces control fine-grained soils' mechanical behavior when saturation changes from the tightly adsorbed regime to saturation. The testing program uses stiffness (i.e., S-wave velocity) and strength (i.e., Brazilian tensile strength) tests on kaolinite, silica flour, and diatomaceous earth soil samples at very low confining stresses (< 5 kPa). Three fine-grained soils yield a range of different properties, including particle size, specific surface area, negative charge density, and internal/external particle porosity. Results show that shear stiffness and tensile strength follow similar trends, emphasizing that the same interparticle forces control the mechanical responses. In particular, the interpretation of S-wave velocity measurements shows three different behavior ranges: a van der Waals attraction range, a capillary-dominated interparticle forces range, and the continuous decrease in the capillary forces from the saturation at the air-entry pressure until full saturation. We show that the interparticle forces respond to a complex function of water content, particle size, particle separations, surface charge density, and the presence of internal particle porosity.

Fine-Grained Concrete with Nanodispersed Silica Additive

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
N.P. Lukuttsova ◽  
E.G. Borovik ◽  
D.A. Pehenko
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Silica Concentration ◽  
Calcium Hydrosilicates ◽  
Additive Particle ◽  
Nanodispersed Silica ◽  
Silica Additive ◽  
Number Of Particles

The effect of the modifying nanodispersed silica (NS) additive, obtained by the polycondensation method, on the properties of fine-grained concrete (FGC) is studied. It is revealed that the dependence of the NS-additive particle size on its age is extreme. The maximum number of particles of up to 100 nm in the additive is observed at the age of 10 days, and then their number decreases. However, it affects the FGC strength little even after 30 days of the additive storage. It is established that the NS-additive could be most effectively used with 0.23% of an active silica concentration and pH 4.1 in combination with S-3. At that, the porosity declines from 17.5 to 12.9% and the pore diameter diminishes from 3.171 to 0.689 μm. It leads to an increase in the compressive strength by 2 times and a decrease in water absorption by 1.6 times as compared to the control composition without additives. An increase in the frost resistance of the modified fine-grained concrete to F250 is recorded; it occurs due to a decrease in porosity at portlandite binding with amorphous silica additives into low-basic calcium hydrosilicates.

scholarly journals Effects of Tailings Gradation on Rheological Properties of Filling Slurry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingwen Wang ◽  
Tingyong Xiong ◽  
Lijing Gao ◽  
Yuepeng Chai ◽  
Xiangyu Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
System Design ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Viscosity Coefficients ◽  
Filling System

The key technology in filling mining is the gravity transportation of high-density slurries, and the filling system design is a significant part of this technology. The filling effect depends on the fluidity of the filling slurry. To investigate the influence of the gradation of tailings on the rheological properties of the filling slurry, this study uses particle size analysis to prepare three types of tailings: powder-, relatively fine-, and fine-grained tailings, which are then mixed in different proportions. The rheological properties of the resulting filling slurries are tested; the viscosity coefficients and yield stresses of the slurries are obtained using the analysis software provided with the MCR102 advanced rheometer that is used to measure the rheological properties of the slurries. The experimental results demonstrate that there is no absolute relationship between the rheological properties of the slurry and the size of the tailings particles, but the rheological properties are related to the gradation of tailings. Lubricating effect is weakened with an insufficient content of powder-grained particles in the tailings. On the contrary, when the content of powder-grained particles in the tailings is too high, the viscous substances in the slurry increase. Both of these conditions can increase the friction loss of the slurry.

Flotation study of fine grained carbonaceous sedimentary apatite ore – Challenges in process mineralogy and impact of hydrodynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duong Huu Hoang ◽  
Nathalie Kupka ◽  
Urs Alexander Peuker ◽  
Martin Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Fine Grained ◽  
Process Mineralogy

Thermomechanical Treatments of Ultrahigh Carbon Steels and Optimal Microstructures to Improve Toughness

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 4826-4831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Carsí ◽  
A. Fernández-Vicente ◽  
Oleg D. Sherby ◽  
Félix Peñalba ◽  
Oscar A. Ruano
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbide Particle ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Ferrite Matrix ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Austenitizing Temperature ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Carbide Size ◽  
Carbide Particles

Thermomechanical processing allows the attainment of spheroidized microstructures that show improved mechanical properties. In this work, a thermomechanical processing route consisting of two steps was developed for two ultrahigh carbon steels (UHCS) containing 1.3 and 1.5%C. This route develops structures of fine spheroidized cementite particles in a fine-grained ferrite matrix. Spheroidized microstructures are formed by eutectoid carbide particles in the UHCS- 1.3C and by proeutectoid and eutectoid carbide particles in the UHCS-1.5C. In the latter steel, the proeutectoid carbide particle size is larger than the eutectoid carbide particle size. The carbide size distribution remains basically constant with austenitizing temperature for both steels. Plane-strain fracture toughness of spheroidized UHCS-1.3C is higher than for UHCS-1.5C, about 80 vs 40 MPa m1/2. These values do not vary significantly with austenitizing temperature which is attributed to the constancy of the mean proeutectoid and eutectoid carbide size.

Thermodynamics of the tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation in fine and nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia powders

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2912-2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Suresh ◽  
Merrilea J. Mayo ◽  
Wallace D. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Transformation Temperature ◽  
Phase Transformation Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Dopant Level ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Additional Strain ◽  
Enthalpy And Entropy Changes

The current study uses high-temperature differential scanning calorimetry to document the shift in phase-transformation temperature with particle size throughout a series of alloys in the zirconia–yttria system (0–1.5 mol% yttria). The tetragonal-to-monoclinic (T→M) phase-transformation temperature is seen to vary inversely with particle size. It is shown that a simple thermodynamic approach first proposed by Garvie predicts this inverse linear relationship. Subsequent determination of the key thermodynamic parameters therein (e.g., the surface and volume free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes involved in the phase transformation) allows a complete predictive equation for the T→M phase transformation in the yttria–zirconia system to be developed as a function of particle size and yttria dopant level. The yttria–zirconia phase diagram is then redrawn with grain size as a third variable. It should be stressed that the current analysis is valid for particulate systems only; a parallel paper tackles the problem for fine-grained yttria–zirconia solids, where the approach is similar, but additional strain energy terms come into play.

Experimental Study on Flotation of Copper Sulfides in Yunnan Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1630-1635
Author(s):  
Jian Gang Ku ◽  
Hui Huang Chen ◽  
Wen Yuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Copper Sulfides ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Concentrate Grade ◽  
Combination Mode ◽  
Grade Index

The copper ore, which has fine-grained nature and differences in the degree of mineral dissemination, is a kind of low grade sulfide minerals. Tests indicate that not only the grinding fineness but also the combination mode of depressants is one of the most important factors to improve the concentrate grade index. Additionally, according to tests conducted with dosage of lime, the rougher flotation should be operated at a pH of 11. Furthermore, all the depressants used were effective to increase the concentrate grade. By the closed-circuit micro-flotation experiment, satisfied grade index (18.7%Cu with 81% recovery) of the final concentrate was achieved, which could provide reference in industrial applications.

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