scholarly journals Role of Some Food-Grade Synthesized Flavonoids on the Control of Ochratoxin A in Aspergillus carbonarius

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (14) ◽  
pp. 2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Ricelli ◽  
Martina De Angelis ◽  
Ludovica Primitivo ◽  
Giuliana Righi ◽  
Carla Sappino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Methoxy Group ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Methoxy Flavone ◽  
Determining Factor

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin with a serious impact on human health. In Mediterranean countries, the black Aspergilli group, in particular Aspergillus carbonarius, causes the highest OTA contamination. Here we describe the synthesis of three polyphenolic flavonoids: 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-flavone (MOS), 5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-flavone (NEG), and 5,6 dihydroxy-flavone (DHF), as well as their effect on the prevention of OTA biosynthesis and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in A. carbonarius cultured in a conducive liquid medium. The best control effect on OTA biosynthesis was achieved using NEG and DHF. In fungal cultures treated with these compounds at 5, 25, and 50 μg/mL, OTA biosynthesis significantly decreased throughout the 8-day experiment. NEG and DHF appear to have an inhibiting effect also on the activity of LOX, whereas MOS, which did not significantly inhibit OTA production, had no effect on LOX activity. The presence of free hydroxyls in catecholic position in the molecule appears to be a determining factor for significantly inhibiting OTA biosynthesis. However, the presence of a methoxy group in C-7 in NEG could slightly lower the molecule’s reactivity increasing OTA inhibition by this molecule at 5 μg/mL. Polyphenolic flavonoids present in edible plants may be easily synthesized and used to control OTA biosynthesis.

Role of Some Neosynthesized Styryl Heterocycles in Ochratoxin A Control in Aspergillus carbonarius

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 2029-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Antonioletti ◽  
Angela Viglianti ◽  
Stefano Cristofoli ◽  
Alessandra Ricelli
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius

Food-Grade Antioxidants and Antimicrobials To Control Growth and Ochratoxin A Production by Aspergillus Section Nigri on Peanut Kernels

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. BARBERIS ◽  
A. L. ASTORECA ◽  
A. M. DALCERO ◽  
C. E. MAGNOLI
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Butylated Hydroxyanisole ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Aspergillus Section Nigri ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Section

Each year, a significant portion of the peanuts produced cannot be marketed because of fungal disease at the postharvest stage and mycotoxin contamination. Antioxidants could be used as an alternative to fungicides to control ochratoxigenic fungi in peanuts during storage. This study was carried out to determine the effect of the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and the antimicrobial propyl paraben (PP) on the lag phase before growth, growth rate, and ochratoxin A (OTA) production by Aspergillus section Nigri strains in peanut kernels under different conditions of water activity (aw) and temperature. At 20 mM/g BHA, 18°C, and 0.93 aw, complete inhibition of growth occurred. For PP, there was no growth at 20 mM/g, 18°C, and 0.93, 0.95, and 0.98 aw. BHA at 20 mM/g inhibited OTA production in peanuts by Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus niger aggregate strains at 0.93 aw and 18°C. PP at 20 mM/g completely inhibited OTA production at 18°C. The results of this work suggest that PP is more appropriate than BHA for controlling growth and OTA production by Aspergillus section Nigri species in peanut kernels.

Youth Studies, Housing Transitions and the ‘Missing Middle’: Time for a Rethink?

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Youth Studies ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Youth Research ◽  
Communal Living ◽  
Missing Middle ◽  
Determining Factor

A recent but growing trend in studies of young people's lives has been to highlight that there is a ‘missing middle’ in the youth studies research agenda. It has been argued that much youth research focuses on either successful or very troubled transitions to adulthood, with the lives of those who might simply be ‘getting by’ representing an empirical absence. Building on previous work that has addressed how such a missing middle can add to our understanding of educational experience and attainment, labour market engagement and participation, and issues of identity, this paper pays attention to the housing transitions, careers and aspirations of a group of ‘ordinary’ and apparently unproblematic working class young men. Because they do not represent groups that have been of especial interest in youth studies to date, their experiences problematize the on-going utility of dominant conceptual frameworks used to explain housing transitions. In addition to their ‘lack of fit’ with ideal type typologies, the young men also reveal the shifting nature of attitudes towards communal living ‘which is traditionally associated with middle class students’ in combination with the continuing role of social resources as a determining factor in their housing transition.

Kinetics of Ochratoxin A Production and Accumulation by Aspergillus carbonarius on Synthetic Grape Medium at Different Temperature Levels

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. M196-M200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marín ◽  
N. Bellí ◽  
S. Lasram ◽  
S. Chebil ◽  
A.J. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Kinetics Of

Study of the effect of water activity and temperature on ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus carbonarius

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Esteban ◽  
M.L. Abarca ◽  
M.R. Bragulat ◽  
F.J. Cabañes
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Rural or urban living and Parkinson's disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique B. Ferraz ◽  
Luiz A. F. Andrade ◽  
Vítor Tumas ◽  
Leandro C. Calia ◽  
Vanderci Borges
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Urban Group ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Rural Group

Although the precise etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is as yet unknown, it appears that certain environmental factors are involved. Prior living in a rural area has been implicated as a possible risk factor for PD, particularly in the early onset type. We evaluated the role of previous living conditions in the clinical correlates and outcome characteristics of 118 PD patients. All of them were seen from January 1987 to October 1992. The Rural Group (RG) comprised 71 patients (60.2%) who had lived in the rural area for at least 10 years (mainly in early phase of life) and the Urban Group (UG) consisted of 47 patients (39.8%) who had lived their entire life in an urban environment. The average age at the beginning of the symptoms was 58.8 in the RG and 54.1 in the UG. The mixed form of the disease (tremor, rigidity and akinesia) was the most frequent in both groups. A minimum 6-month follow-up period was undertaken with 63 patients (average 20 months) and no difference in response to treatment or in progression of the illness was detected between the two groups. Our data show that the previous living environment does not appear to be a determining factor in either the clinical or outcome characteristics of PD.

External Threat and Democracy: The Role of NATO Revisited

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Gibler ◽  
Jamil A. Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Regime Type ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Territorial Sovereignty ◽  
External Threat ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Threat Levels ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Former Soviet Republics

This article examines the role of NATO in aiding democratic transitions and survival in the former Soviet republics. The authors argue that the level of external threat is a determining factor in centralization, militarization, and ultimately regime type. States tend to be democratic or are likely to make the transition toward democracy when threat levels are low, while autocracies are more likely to be found in states targeted by higher levels of threat. Building on recent findings examining the link between democracies and alliance, the authors demonstrate that NATO has been an effective guarantor of territorial sovereignty and independence in the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Moldova, reducing the level of threat experienced by each state, thus assuring the survival of decentralized and democratic governments. Former Soviet republics targeted by high levels of threat have reverted to or maintained centralized, autocratic forms of government.

Effect of Aspergillus carbonarius amounts on winemaking and ochratoxin A contamination

Food Control ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Jiang ◽  
Junling Shi ◽  
Yongle Cheng ◽  
Yanlin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius
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