Fragaria Genus: Chemical Composition and Biological Activities

The strawberries represent in our days one of the main fresh fruits consumed globally, inevitably leading to large amounts of by-products and wastes. Usually appreciated because of their specific flavor, the strawberries also possess biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, or anti-inflammatory effects. In spite of the wide spread of the Fragaria genus, few species represent the subject of the last decade scientific research. The main components identified in the Fragaria species are presented, as well as several biological properties, as emerging from the scientific papers published in the last decade.

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Variations in Essential Oil Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don from Different Geographical Origins—A Critical Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112311097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 11097

Author(s):

Ana Lima ◽

Filipe Arruda ◽

Jorge Medeiros ◽

José Baptista ◽

João Madruga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Cryptomeria Japonica ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Forest Biomass ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Added Value ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

Wood Processing ◽

Social Environmental

The scientific community is paying increasing attention to plant waste valorization, and also to “greener” practices in the agriculture, food and cosmetic sectors. In this context, unused forest biomass (e.g., leaves, seed cones, branches/twigs, bark and sapwood) of Cryptomeria japonica, a commercially important tree throughout Asia and the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), is currently waste/by-products of wood processing that can be converted into eco-friendly and high added-value products, such as essential oils (EOs), with social, environmental and economic impacts. Plant-derived EOs are complex mixtures of metabolites, mostly terpenes and terpenoids, with valuable bioactivities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antiviral and pesticide), which can find applications in several industries, such as pharmaceutical, medical, aromatherapy, food, cosmetic, perfumery, household and agrochemical (e.g., biopesticides), with manifold approaches. The EOs components are also of value for taxonomic investigations. It is known that the variation in EOs chemical composition and, consequently, in their biological activities and commercial use, is due to different exogenous and endogenous factors that can lead to ecotypes or chemotypes in the same plant species. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, biological properties and proposals of valorization of C. japonica EO from several countries, and also to indicate gaps in the current knowledge.

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Propolis: A Complex Natural Product with a Plethora of Biological Activities That Can Be Explored for Drug Development

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/206439 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Ricardo Silva-Carvalho ◽

Fátima Baltazar ◽

Cristina Almeida-Aguiar

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Biological Properties ◽

New Drugs ◽

Published Data ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Scientific Attention

The health industry has always used natural products as a rich, promising, and alternative source of drugs that are used in the health system. Propolis, a natural resinous product known for centuries, is a complex product obtained by honey bees from substances collected from parts of different plants, buds, and exudates in different geographic areas. Propolis has been attracting scientific attention since it has many biological and pharmacological properties, which are related to its chemical composition. Severalin vitroandin vivostudies have been performed to characterize and understand the diverse bioactivities of propolis and its isolated compounds, as well as to evaluate and validate its potential. Yet, there is a lack of information concerning clinical effectiveness. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential of propolis for the development of new drugs by presenting published data concerning the chemical composition and the biological properties of this natural compound from different geographic origins.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Artemisia herba-alba Growing Wild in Tunisia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800333 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ismail Amri ◽

Laura De Martino ◽

Aurelio Marandino ◽

Hamrouni Lamia ◽

Hanana Mohsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Mediterranean Ecosystem ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Main Components

Aromatic plants can interfere in the Mediterranean ecosystem, mainly by the introduction in the environment of volatile compounds. For this reason, we studied the chemical composition and the possible phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil extracted from leaves of Tunisian Artemisia herba-alba Asso. The chemical composition of the essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In all, 24 compounds were identified. The main components were camphor (39.1.%), chrysanthenone (15.0%) and cis-thujone (7.8%). The essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radical growth of Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., Sinapis arvensis L., Triticum durum L. and Phalaris canariensis L. seeds. The radicle elongation of the five seeds was affected to different extents by the oil, while germination was not affected. The oil, when tested against eight selected bacterial strains, showed low antimicrobial activity. The chemical composition of the oil of A. herba-alba can help in the chemosystematics of this complex genus. However, the recorded biological activities seem to be neither ecologically nor medicinally significant.

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TO THE QUESTION OF THE GENESIS OF THE LIMESTONE OF THE GUIDIRIM AND SEVERIN DEPOSITS

Odesa National University Herald Geography and Geology ◽

10.18524/2303-9914.2021.1(38).234713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1(38)) ◽

pp. 205-219

Author(s):

E. N. Kravchenko ◽

V. N. Kadurin ◽

A. I. Shulman

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Cement Production ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

May Day ◽

The Subject ◽

Main Components ◽

Lithological Composition

Problem Statement and Purpose. In Transnistria, the deposits of Sarmatian-age limestone are explored and exploited. These minerals are used as raw materials for cement production, as well as for the production of buta and rubble. The issues of genesis and facial transitions of these deposits remain under-studied. Data & Methods. The purpose of this work is to determine the genetic affiliation of the limestone deposits of the Gidirim and Severin deposits on the basis of facial and chemical analysis. The materials of the research are the limestones of two deposits of Transnistria. The object is the limestone of the Sarmatian age of the deposits of Transnistria. The subject of the study is the lithological and paleontological characteristic, the chemical composition of these limestones. Research methods: topical; biofacial, computer processing with GIS – programs; Laboratory quality diagnostics, chemical and physical-chemical methods of quantifying the main components of carbonate rocks. Results. The geological conditions of the Severin and Gidirim deposits were studied, and the place of productive layers of deposits in the stratigraphic scheme of Transnistria was determined on the basis of the lithological and paleontological characteristics of the rocks. Limestones mined at the Gidirim field belong to the May Day retinue, and the limestone of Severinovsky belongs to the Bessarabian reefs. Chemical analysis of limestone samples extracted from the deposits was carried out and differences in the chemical composition of the limestone of these deposits were determined. The limestone deposits in the content of calcium carbonate are clean. The concentration of silicon dioxide in the samples of the Severin field is higher than in the samples of the Giderim field, the content of one-and-a-half oxides, on the contrary, in Severinovka – 0.68%, in samples of the Giderim field – 1.04%. Analysis of the lithological composition and fauna of limestones has made it possible to distinguish within the Middle-Sarmatian basin of sedimentopulation: (a) accumulation of biogenic-chemogenic limestone of the near shelf, b) biogenic precipitation of the transition zone (reefs), c) silicate-terrigenous formations of the far shelf. The variety of phased conditions in the basin is associated with the position of the coastline and the inflection of the bottom on the boundary of the near and far shelf. The limestone of the studied deposits was formed in two different facial environments: the chemogenic-carbonate and the transient, which is associated with the formation of a strip of Bessarabian reefs. The study of paleontological residues, lithology and chemical composition of rhypogenic limestone showed the autonomy of this environment, as it has features of sedimentogenesis and near and far shelf.

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Ellagic Acid: A Logical Lead for Drug Development?

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612823666171115094557 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 106-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Abolfazl Shakeri ◽

Mohammad Reza Zirak ◽

Amirhossein Sahebkar

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Human Diseases ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

The Subject

Background: Naturally occurring polyphenols are the subject of increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant activity and their marked effects on the prevention of various oxidative stress-associated diseases such as cancer. Ellagic acid (EA) is an herbal polyphenol that is structurally a condensed dimer of gallic acid. Methods: This review aims to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the biological activities of EA and potential therapeutic applications. Results: EA is found in fruits and nuts, either in the combined form with hexahydroxydiphenic acid or in the bound form (ellagitannins). EA exhibits many biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anticancer and apoptosis-inducing activities. These biological and pharmacological properties are relevant to the treatment of several human diseases. Conclusion: Owing to its multiple mechanisms of action, EA represents a potential therapeutic agent against human diseases particularly cancer.

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Recent Progress of Propolis for Its Biological and Chemical Compositions and Its Botanical Origin

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/697390 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

Viviane Cristina Toreti ◽

Helia Harumi Sato ◽

Glaucia Maria Pastore ◽

Yong Kun Park

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Botanical Origin

Propolis is the generic name given to the product obtained from resinous substances, which is gummy and balsamic and which is collected by bees from flowers, buds, and exudates of plants. It is a popular folk medicine possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities. These biological properties are related to its chemical composition and more specifically to the phenolic compounds that vary in their structure and concentration depending on the region of production, availability of sources to collect plant resins, genetic variability of the queen bee, the technique used for production, and the season in which propolis is produced. Many scientific articles are published every year in different international journal, and several groups of researchers have focused their attention on the chemical compounds and biological activity of propolis. This paper presents a review on the publications on propolis and patents of applications and biological constituents of propolis.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Calamintha nepeta Plants from the Wild in Southern Italy

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800134 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emilia Mancini ◽

Laura De Martino ◽

Hanna Malova ◽

Vincenzo De Feo

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Lepidium Sativum ◽

Campania Region ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Main Components ◽

Lepidium Sativum L

The chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi, collected in the Campania Region, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In all, 42 compounds were identified. The oil was characterized by a prevalence of the sesquiterpenic fraction (80.8%). The main components were 1,10-di- epi-cubenol (18.5%), allo-aromadendrene epoxide (11.4%) and cadalene (5.7%). The essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro potential phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radical growth of Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., Sinapis arvensis L., Triticum durum L. and Phalaris canariensis L. seeds. The essential oil showed no antioxidant activity.

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A Brief Review on New Naturally Occurring Cembranoid Diterpene Derivatives from the Soft Corals of the Genera Sarcophyton, Sinularia, and Lobophytum Since 2016

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24040781 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 781 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Inna Rodrigues ◽

Maria Miguel ◽

Wissem Mnif

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Soft Corals ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Almost All

This work reviews the new isolated cembranoid derivatives from species of the genera Sarcophyton, Sinularia, and Lobophytum as well as their biological properties, during 2016–2018. The compilation permitted to conclude that much more new cembranoid diterpenes were found in the soft corals of the genus Sarcophyton than in those belonging to the genera Lobophytum or Sinularia. Beyond the chemical composition, the biological properties were also reviewed, namely anti-microbial against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral against several types of cancer cells. In spite of the biological activities detected in almost all samples, there is a remarkable diversity in the results which may be attributed to the chemical variability that needs to be deepened in order to develop new molecules with potential application in medicine.

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Chemical Investigation of a Biologically Active Schinus molle L. Leaf Extract

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/8391263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stefania Garzoli ◽

Valentina Laghezza Masci ◽

Elisa Ovidi ◽

Giovanni Turchetti ◽

Daniele Zago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Leukaemia Cell Line ◽

Schinus Molle

The pepper tree Schinus molle L. is an evergreen ornamental plant belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, native to South America and widespread throughout the world. It has biological activities and is used in folk medicine. This paper aims to contribute to a deeper knowledge of its chemical composition and biological properties. S. molle leaf extracts were obtained by sequential extraction with solvents of different polarities and subsequently tested on the HL-60 human leukaemia cell line to define a possible cytotoxic activity. Among the investigated extracts, the petroleum ether extract revealed a high cytotoxic activity, and its chemical composition was further investigated. By a silica column chromatography, eight fractions were obtained, and their compositions were determined by GC-MS analysis. Compounds and relative abundance differed widely among the fractions; sesquiterpenes resulted the main component and alcoholic sesquiterpenes the most abundant.

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