scholarly journals Determination of Albumin, Glucose, and Creatinine Employing a Single Sequential Injection Lab-at-Valve with Mono-Segmented Flow System Enabling In-Line Dilution, In-Line Single-Standard Calibration, and In-Line Standard Addition

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Kiwfo ◽  
Wasin Wongwilai ◽  
Tadao Sakai ◽  
Norio Teshima ◽  
Kate Grudpan
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sequential Injection ◽  
Slow Reaction ◽  
Preparation Step ◽  
Standard Calibration ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
Line Standard

A mono-segmented sequential injection lab-at-valve (SI-LAV) system for the determination of albumin, glucose, and creatinine, three key biomarkers in diabetes screening and diagnosis, was developed as a single system for multi-analyte analysis. The mono-segmentation technique was employed for in-line dilution, in-line single-standard calibration, and in-line standard addition. This made adjustments to the sample preparation step easy unlike the batch-wise method. The results showed that the system could be used for both fast reaction (albumin) and slow reaction (glucose with enzymatic reaction and creatinine). In the case of slow reaction, the analysis time could be shortened by using the reaction rate obtained with the SI-LAV system. This proposed system is for cost-effective and downscaling analysis, which would be applicable for small hospitals and clinics in remote places with a small number of samples but relatively fast screening would be needed.

scholarly journals Microtitrimetric determination of a drug content of pharmaceuticals containing olanzapine in non-aqueous medium

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanakapura Basavaiah ◽  
Nagaraju Rajendraprasad ◽  
Basavaiah Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Bulk Drug ◽  
Point Detection

Two simple, rapid, reliable and cost-effective methods based on titrimetry in non-aqueous medium are described for the determination of olanzapine in pharmaceuticals. In these methods, the drug dissolved in the glacial acetic acid was titrated with the acetous perchloric acid with visual and potentiometric end point detection, crystal violet being used as the indicator for visual titration. The methods are applicable over 1-15 mg range of olanzapine. The procedures were applied to determine olanzapine in pharmaceutical products and the results were found to be in a good agreement with those obtained by the reference method. Associated pharmaceutical materials did not interfere. The precision results, expressed by inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviation values, were satisfactory, higher than 2%. The accuracy was satisfactory as well. The methods proved to be suitable for the analysis of olanzapine in bulk drug and in tablets. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by recovery studies via a standard addition technique with percent recoveries in the range 97.51-103.7% with a standard deviation of less than 2%.

Headspace Gas Chromatographic Estimation of Some Yogurt Volatiles

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Ulberth
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Headspace Gas ◽  
Standard Calibration ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Aroma Components ◽  
Ppm Level

Abstract A headspace gas chromatographic method Is described for the determination of acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetone, dlacetyl, and 2-butanone In yogurt. Yogurt (2 g) is equilibrated 1 h in a 10 mL vial at 60 °C, and 0.25 mL headspace gas Is splitinjected. The volatiles are baseline-separated In less than 5 min by using a thick film capillary column coated with SE-54. An external standard calibration method fulfills the requirements for an accurate determination of the yogurt aroma components. The accuracy of this method was checked by the standard addition method. The precision of the method, In terms of the relative standard deviation, depends on the analyte concentration. At the 10 ppm volatile level, RSD Is 2%, and at the 0.1 ppm level, 15%.

Novel single standard calibration and dilution method performed by the sequential injection technique

The Analyst ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 1839-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Baron ◽  
Miguel Guzman ◽  
Jaromir Růžička ◽  
Gary D. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Injection Technique ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Sequential Injection ◽  
Standard Calibration ◽  
Single Standard

Quantitative Determination of Arsenate in Dried Shrimp by Spectrophotometric Measurement of its Heteropoly Blue

2013 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Charuwan Suitcharit
Keyword(s):  
Complex Formation ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Formation Condition ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Molybdenum Blue ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Good Agreement

A cost-effective and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of arsenate in dried shrimp has been developed using molybdenum blue as a chromogenic reagent. The method is based on arsenate conversion to arsenomolybdate heteropoly blue having an absorbance maximum at 870 nm. The effects of pH, time, temperature and light on its complex formation were investigated. The optimal complex formation condition at pH 4 in 90 min at 15+1°C was obtained and the blue color was favorable developed in daylight. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of arsenate in samples with the addition of DTPA to eliminate the interferences resulting in increased selectivity. The standard addition calibration graph was constructed with the linear range extended to 40 μgL-1 (r2 = 0.9987). The detection limit (S/N = 3) of 3.21 μgL-1, and the precision of 3.13% (RSD) were obtained. The method has good recovery of 95% for the determination of arsenate. The amounts of arsenate in dried shrimp samples compared with those obtained from ICP-OES were shown to be in good agreement (r = 0.998).

Generalized Net Analyte Signal Standard Addition as a Novel Method for Simultaneous Determination: Application in Spectrophotometric Determination of Some Pesticides

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Asadpour-Zeynali ◽  
Elhameh Saeb ◽  
Javad Vallipour ◽  
Mehdi Bamorowat
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Standard Addition Method ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Net Analyte Signal ◽  
Analyte Signal ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
Generalized Net

Abstract Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of three neonicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid,imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam) by a novel methodnamed generalized net analyte signal standard addition method (GNASSAM) in some binary and ternarysynthetic mixtures was investigated. For this purpose, standard addition was performed using a single standard solution consisting of a mixture ofstandards of all analytes. Savings in time and amount of used materials are some of the advantages of this method. All determinations showed appropriate applicability of this method with less than 5% error. This method may be applied for linearlydependent data in the presence of known interferents. The GNASSAM combines the advantages of both the generalized standard addition method and net analyte signal; therefore, it may be a properalternative for some other multivariate methods.

scholarly journals Rapid and Cost-Effective Determination of Acrylamide in Coffee by Planar Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection After Derivatization with Dansulfinic Acid

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Alpmann ◽  
Gertrud Morlock
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Planar Chromatography ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Butyl Methyl Ether

Abstract A new method has been developed for the determination of acrylamide in ground coffee by planar chromatography using prechromatographic in situ derivatization with dansulfinic acid. After pressurized fluid extraction of acrylamide from the coffee samples, the extracts were passed through activated carbon and concentrated. These extracts were applied onto a silica gel 60 HPTLC plate and oversprayed with dansulfinic acid. By heating the plate, acrylamide was derivatized into the fluorescent product dansylpropanamide. The chromatographic separation with ethyl acetatetert.-butyl methyl ether (8 + 2, v/v) mobile phase was followed by densitometric quantification at 254/>400 nm using a 4 point calibration via the standard addition method over the whole system for which acrylamide was added at different concentrations at the beginning of the extraction process. The method was validated for commercial coffee. The linearity over the whole procedure showed determination coefficients between 0.9995 and 0.9825 (n = 6). Limit of quantitation at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 was determined to be 48 g/kg. The within-run precision (relative standard deviation, n = 6) of the chromatographic method was 3. Commercial coffee samples analyzed showed acrylamide contents between 52 and 191 g/kg, which was in correlation with amounts reported in previous publications.

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