scholarly journals Social Modeling and Eating Behavior—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Julia Suwalska ◽  
Paweł Bogdański
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Social Modeling ◽  
Parental Modeling ◽  
Modeling Experiment ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Obesity Prevention Programs

Social modeling of eating is the adjustment of the amount of food eaten to the intake of the accompanying person. In this paper we provide a narrative review of literature on social modeling of eating with a particular focus on recent studies. Firstly, we describe the structure of a typical modeling experiment. Secondly, we present a variety of research in this field: experiments with various types of confederates, experiments aimed at the evaluation of the influence of gender, partner’s body weight, type of food, hunger, personal characteristics, etc. Thirdly, we present practical implications of this knowledge. The common conclusion is that social modeling of eating occurs in different situations and consumption is adapted to the standards established by the eating partner, but is not their direct reflection. Social influence of eating is not restricted to "artificial" laboratory situations; social modeling and social norms manipulations may be used to change people’s dietary practices, especially in children and young adults. Within the home environment parental modeling has been shown to promote children’s snacking and fruit and vegetable consumption. Social modeling may be used in nutrition interventions aimed at the improvement of children’s diet and in obesity prevention programs.

scholarly journals Nutrition Practice and Knowledge of First-Year Medical Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Perlstein ◽  
Scott McCoombe ◽  
Susie Macfarlane ◽  
Andrew Colin Bell ◽  
Caryl Nowson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
First Year ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Year Medical Students

Objectives. To compare the knowledge of Australian dietary recommendations to the dietary practices of first-year medical students. Design. Over a period of four years, anonymous online surveys were completed by medical students attending a first-year nutrition lecture. Background. There is little information on the nutritional knowledge and dietary practices of medical students. Setting. First-year postgraduate university medical students, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Participants. Between the years 2012 and 2016, 32%–61% of first-year students completed the survey. Phenomenon of Interest. Student’s knowledge of dietary guidelines and related practices. Analysis. The frequency of response was assessed across the different year cohorts using descriptive statistics. Results. Between 59% and 93% of first-year students correctly identified the recommended daily servings for fruit, and between 61% and 84% knew the vegetable recommendations. In contrast only 40%–46% met the guidelines for fruit and 12%–19% met the guidelines for vegetables. Conclusions and Implications. Discrepancies between students’ nutrition knowledge and behavior can provide learning opportunities. With low rates of fruit and vegetable consumption in medical students, increased awareness of links between nutrition and health, together with encouragement to make behavioral changes, may increase the skills of graduates to support patients in improving dietary intake.

scholarly journals The role of family variables in fruit and vegetable consumption in preschool children

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Goldman ◽  
Cynthia L. Radnitz ◽  
Robert E. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Parental Modeling ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Head Start Programs ◽  
Family Variables

<p>Most Americans, including children, continue to eat fewer fruits and vegetables than is recommended, putting themselves at increased risk of various health conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative importance of several family environment variables (food availability and accessibility, modeling of food consumption, parenting style, and family mealtime environment) for predicting children’s consumption of fruits and vegetables in a sample of low income minority preschool children. Two hundred and twenty nine primary caregivers and their preschool children were recruited from Head Start programs in New York and New Jersey. Caregivers consented, completed a battery of paper and pencil questionnaires, and had both their height and weight and their children’s height and weight measured. Higher availability, accessibility, and parental modeling were associated with higher consumptions of fruits and vegetables in children. Availability and accessibility were the best predictors, but parental modeling significantly enhanced prediction over the other variables.  Public health interventions should be geared toward helping poorer families increase the availability of fruits and vegetables in their homes, advising parents on how to make them accessible, and encouraging parents to model their consumption.</p>

Vegetable interventions at unconventional occasions: the effect of freely available snack vegetables at workplace meetings on consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Immink ◽  
Marcel Kornelis ◽  
Ellen Van Kleef
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Workplace Health Promotion ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Workplace Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Health Promotion Programs ◽  
Perceived Variety

PurposeSnacks at work are often of poor dietary quality. The main objective of the current study is to examine the effect of making vegetable snacks available at workplace meetings on consumption.Design/methodology/approachIn three between-subjects field experiments conducted at a hospital and three ministries in the Netherlands, with meeting as the unit of condition assignment, attendees were exposed to an assortment of vegetables, varying in vegetable variety and presence of promotional leaflet in study 1 (N = 136 meetings), serving container in study 2 (N = 88 meetings) and additional presence of cookies in study 3 (N = 88 meetings). Consumption of vegetables and cookies was measured at meeting level to assess grams consumed per person.FindingsAcross the three studies, average consumption per meeting attendee was 74 g (SD = 43) for study 1; 78 g (SD = 43) for study 2 and 87 g (SD = 35) for study 3. In the first study, manipulation of perceived variety and information leaflets did not affect intake. In the second study, significantly more vegetables were eaten when they were offered in single sized portions (M = 97 g, SD = 45) versus in a shared multiple portions bowl (63 g, SD = 38) (p < 0.001). In the third study, no effect was found of the additional availability of cookies on vegetable consumption during the meeting.Practical implicationsThe present studies show how availability of vegetables at unconventional occasions makes meeting attendants consume considerable portions of vegetables on average. As such, offering healthy snacks at the workplace may be a valuable part of workplace health promotion programs and positively change the “office cake culture”.Originality/valueVegetable intake is less than recommended in many countries worldwide. Many snacking occasions are at work, which makes office meetings a potential consumption occasion to encourage vegetable intake. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine whether free availability of vegetable snacks during meetings contributes to their consumption among meeting attendees and under what conditions consumption is optimal.

Association of personal characteristics and cooking skills with vegetable consumption frequency among university students

Appetite ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 105432
Author(s):  
Greyce Luci Bernardo ◽  
Vanessa Mello Rodrigues ◽  
Bianca Sabrine Bastos ◽  
Paula Lazzarin Uggioni ◽  
Daniela Barbieri Hauschild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cooking Skills ◽  
Consumption Frequency

scholarly journals Germline predisposition to glial neoplasms in children and young adults: A narrative review

Glioma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Uri Tabori ◽  
Anirban Das ◽  
Cynthia Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Children And Young Adults

scholarly journals Factors associated with depression among young people globally: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3711
Author(s):  
Awuni Prosper Mandela Amaltinga ◽  
James Fenibe Mbinta
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Past History ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Associated

Although depression is a major concern for global health, understanding of this phenomenon has been limited since most of the empirical studies address personal characteristics without much consideration to larger environmental contexts for adolescents globally. The objective was to review factors associated with depression among young people. The researchers adopted a narrative review of selected peer reviewed articles on depression with a focus on the factors associated with depression among young people. The papers were selected according to the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions. The results show that females were at greater risk of depression compared to their male counterparts. Also, genetic predisposition as a result of maternal rumination was a factor for depression among young people in all WHO regions. Past history of depressive symptoms, uncontrollable negative life events, and family-related stressful events contributed significantly to depression among young people. Finally, the study recommends that mental health services at primary healthcare level be prioritized in all Low and Middle-Income countries (LMICs) to help identify and handle early cases of mental health in young people.

scholarly journals Association between nutrition knowledge, lifestyle, dietary practices and nutritional status among civil servants in western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (105) ◽  
pp. 18824-18838
Author(s):  
OF Akinmoladun ◽  
◽  
OJ Oluyede ◽  
FA Femi ◽  
OO Olaitan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dietary Practices

Nutrition knowledge plays a crucial role in promoting healthier eating practices, leading to the maintenance of healthy body weight. This is because knowledge of dietary guidelines and healthy eating habits among adults has been positively correlated. However, in terms of dietary habits, presumptions that the supposed civil servants in some parts of Western Nigeria are knowledgeable about basic dietary practices are yet to be explored. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the nutrition knowledge, lifestyle, dietary practices, and nutritional status among men and women civil servants in Ado, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A structured interviewer questionnaire was administered to civil servants (180 male and 220 female elderly respondents, <60years old) to collect data on economic and socio-demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Anthropometric measurements were also taken. The quantitative were coded, collated, and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data from categorical variables. Chi-square test, at a 5% confidence level, was used to establish any significant relationship between food intake parameters and nutrition knowledge. Most of the respondents (66.7%) were affected by the delayed payment of their monthly salaries. The total knowledge scores revealed that 13.25%, 41.25% and 45.50% of the respondents had poor, fair and good nutrition knowledge, respectively. Unfortunately, this higher nutrition knowledge does not translate into good dietary habits. Data obtained revealed bad eating habits, as a more significant percentage of the respondents regularly ate high-fat foods (99.5%), ate outside the home (85.3%) and did not take vegetables (83.3%) nor fruits (60%) daily. There exists, however, a significant and positive relationship between nutrition knowledge and physical activity (P=0.043), high-fat foods consumption (P<0.001), daily fruits consumption (P<0.001) and vegetable consumption (P<0.001). In conclusion, the discrepancy between the respondents' high nutrition knowledge and their seemingly poor lifestyle and dietary behaviour show that nutrition knowledge alone does not translate into good dietary behaviour.

Incorporating field wind data into FIRETEC simulations of the International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment (ICFME): preliminary lessons learned

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodman Linn ◽  
Kerry Anderson ◽  
Judith Winterkamp ◽  
Alyssa Brooks ◽  
Michael Wotton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Fire Modeling ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Wind Data ◽  
Crown Fire ◽  
Modeling Experiment

Field experiments are one way to develop or validate wildland fire-behavior models. It is important to consider the implications of assumptions relating to the locality of measurements with respect to the fire, the temporal frequency of the measured data, and the changes to local winds that might be caused by the experimental configuration. Twenty FIRETEC simulations of International Crown Fire Modeling Experiment (ICFME) plot 1 and plot 6 fires were performed using horizontally homogenized fuels. These simulations enable exploration of the sensitivity of model results to specific aspects of the interpretation and use of the locally measured wind data from this experiment. By shifting ignition times with respect to dynamic measured tower wind data by up to 2 min, FIRETEC simulations are used to examine possible ramifications of treating the measured tower winds as if they were precisely the same as those present at the location of the fire, as well as possible implications of temporal averaging of winds or undersampling. Model results suggest that careful consideration should be paid to the relative time scales of the wind fluctuations, duration of the fires, and data collection rates when using experimentally derived winds as inputs for fire models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document