scholarly journals Safety and Tolerability of Mass Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole Administration for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Kenya: An Active Surveillance Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Christabel Khaemba ◽  
Abbie Barry ◽  
Wyckliff P. Omondi ◽  
Kefa Bota ◽  
Sultani Matendechero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate ◽  
Severity Grading ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Study Participants

Preventive chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) and albendazole (ALB) is the core intervention strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF). We conducted a large-scale prospective active safety surveillance study to identify the incidence, type, severity, and risk factors for adverse events (AEs) following mass drug administration (MDA) of single-dose DEC and ALB in 10,010 participants from Kilifi County, Kenya. AEs were actively monitored and graded at 24 h, 48 h, and on day 7 Post-MDA. Out of 10,010 enrolled study participants, 1621 participants reported a total of 3102 AEs during a seven-day follow-up. The cumulative incidence of AEs was 16.2% (95% CI, 15.5–16.9%). The proportion of participants who experienced one, two, or ≥ three types of AEs was 9.2%, 4.6%, 2.4%, respectively. AEs were mild (87.3%), moderate (12.4%), and severe (0.3%) and resolved within 72 h. The five most common AEs were dizziness (5.9%), headache (5.6%), loss of appetite (3.3%), fever (2.9%), and drowsiness (2.6%). Older age, taking concurrent medications, ≥ three tablets of DEC, and type of meal taken before MDA were significant predictors of AEs. One in six participants experienced systemic mild-to-moderate severity grading and transient AEs. DEC and ALB co-administration for the elimination of LF is generally safe and well-tolerated.

scholarly journals A study on assessment of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis in Datia district, Madhya Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Ginisha Gupta ◽  
Priyesh Marskole ◽  
Praveen Yuwane
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
District Health ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Currently 947 million people globally live in areas having endemic lymphatic filariasis and require preventive chemotherapy to stop the spread of infection. LF is transmitted by many mosquitoes particularly Culex and in some areas by Anopheles and Aedes too. This study was conducted to assess the programme implementation with respect to process and outcome indicators and to assess the reasons for non-compliance among population.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study in Datia district, Madhya Pradesh during September 2014. We determined the sample size for survey based on standard guidelines for MDA coverage assessment. We identified four separate clusters, each with thirty households, for the survey. We selected three clusters from rural areas and one cluster from urban area to ensure adequate representation. We used stratified sampling technique for selection of three rural clusters.Results: We surveyed 859 study participants of Indergarh block, Datia district, residing in 120 households across four clusters. Among 859 study participants, the eligible population (excluding less than two year child and pregnant females) was 92% (790/859). District health authorities reported coverage of MDA across entire district to be 91%. We determined the distribution rate of DEC across all four clusters to be 84% (±9%). We identified highest drug distribution rate in Uchad (97%; 193/200) and lowest in Bargai (75%; 133/178).Conclusions: Non-compliant individuals are potential reservoir for the parasite which may serve as source of infection and transmission even after the mass drug administration ceases. As the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis continues to decrease with the implementation of control measures, addressing the issue of non-compliance holds primary importance to further substantiate the effect of our efforts. 

Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the MyoVasc study: A prospective cohort study investigating development and progression of heart failure

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732092643
Author(s):  
Sebastian Göbel ◽  
Jürgen H Prochaska ◽  
Sven-Oliver Tröbs ◽  
Marina Panova-Noeva ◽  
Christine Espinola–Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Study Participants

Background Heart failure (HF) is a poly-aetiological syndrome with large heterogeneity regarding clinical presentation, pathophysiology, clinical outcome and response to therapy. The MyoVasc study (NCT04064450) is an epidemiological cohort study investigating the development and progression of HF. Methods The primary objective of the study is (a) to improve the understanding of the pathomechanisms of HF across the full spectrum of clinical presentation, (b) to investigate the current clinical classifications of HF, and (c) to identify and characterize homogeneous subgroups regarding disease development using a systems-oriented approach. Worsening of HF, that is, the composite of transition from asymptomatic to symptomatic HF, hospitalization due to HF, or cardiac death, was defined as the primary endpoint of the study. During a six-year follow-up period, all study participants receive a highly standardized, biannual five-hour examination in a dedicated study centre, including detailed cardiovascular phenotyping and biobanking of various biomaterials. Annual follow-up examinations are conducted by computer-assisted telephone interviews recording comprehensively the participants´ health status, including subsequent validation and adjudication of adverse events. Results In total, 3289 study participants (age range: 35 to 84 years; female sex: 36.8%) including the full range of HF stages were enrolled from 2013 to 2018. Approximately half of the subjects ( n=1741) presented at baseline with symptomatic HF (i.e. HF stage C/D). Among these, HF with preserved ejection fraction was the most frequent phenotype. Conclusions By providing a large-scale, multi-dimensional biodatabase with sequential, comprehensive medical-technical (sub)clinical phenotyping and multi-omics characterization (i.e. genome, transcriptome, proteome, lipidome, metabolome and exposome), the MyoVasc study will help to advance our knowledge about the heterogeneous HF syndrome by a systems-oriented biomedicine approach. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04064450.

Large scale follow-up research study: SneakPeek® Early Gender DNA Test 99.9% accurate for fetal sex by live-birth confirmation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Haley Milot ◽  
Alexa de Jerez ◽  
Chris Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Dna Test ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Study Participants

Early fetal sex determination has become more prevalent among parents interested in planning for their unborn child. Current advances in non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) have facilitated this desire with safe and efficient methods such as the SneakPeek® Early Gender DNA Test (“SneakPeek”). Here, we report the accuracy of SneakPeek® from a large-scale clinical study of 1,029 pregnant women between 7 and 37 weeks of gestation (median =10 weeks). A follow-up survey was conducted on all study participants to determine whether the birth sex of their child matched the fetal sex test result reported by SneakPeek®. Venipuncture blood samples were collected from pregnant women in October through December of 2019, and subsequently analyzed with SneakPeek® to determine fetal sex. After birth, a survey was conducted to obtain live birth information for all participants in the study. Y-chromosome DNA was detected in 505 of the 506 samples from mothers that gave birth to baby boys, providing 99.8% sensitivity. Gender of all 523 newborn girls was identified correctly, resulting in 100% specificity. There were no cases of male DNA contamination identified in this study (i.e. no false positives). In the largest qPCR-based fetal sex test study to date, SneakPeek® test results were confirmed using the gold standard of the baby’s sex at birth. With 99.9% accuracy, SneakPeek® is the most reliable early fetal sex text available for expectant parents

Therapy of post-stroke depression – a systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 108-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gaebel ◽  
W. Wannagat ◽  
J. Zielasek
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Post Stroke Depression ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy

SummaryWe performed a systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled pharmacological and non-pharmacological trials for the therapy and prevention of post-stroke depression that have been published between 1980 and 2011. We initially identified 2 260 records of which 28 studies were finally included into this review. A meta-analytic approach was hampered by considerable differences regarding the kinds of therapeutic regimens and the study durations. Modest effects favoring treatment of post-stroke depression could be found for pharmacological treatment as well as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. For the prevention of post-stroke depression, antidepressant pharmacotherapy showed promising results. However, large-scale studies with better standardized study populations, optimized placebo control procedures in non-pharmacological studies, and replication in larger follow-up studies are still necessary to find the optimal therapeutic regimens to prevent and treat post-stroke depression.

Seven-Year Follow-Up of Screening for Hypertension and Diabetes at a Dental Clinic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Friman
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Medical Screening ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽  
Dental Setting ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: To describe the distribution of risk, diagnosis and pharmacological treatments for diabetes and hypertension after seven years among patients provided with opportunistic medical screening in a dental setting. Material and Methods: The initial screening’s 170 participants were asked to take part in a seven-year follow-up study. Data were collected through self-reported information in a written health declaration. Outcome measures: • Number of study participants who had passed away • Prescription of antidiabetics or antihypertensives • Changes in weight and height to calculate body mass index (BMI) Results: The follow-up study consisted of 151 participants. Twenty had passed away. The risk needs for medicating with antihypertensive drugs after seven years for those not receiving pharmacological treatment at the initial screening was 3.7 times greater (p=0.025 CI 1.2-11.3) for participants with a diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90 mm Hg (85 for diabetics) than for the others. The risk was 3.9 times greater (p=0.020 CI 1.2-12.6) for those with a systolic BP of 140-159 mm Hg and 54.2 times greater (p<0.0001 CI 9.8-300.3) for those with a systolic BP ≥ 160 mm Hg than for those with a systolic BP 140 mm Hg. There were no changes in BMI. Conclusion: At least one in ten cases of incorrect medication or undiagnosed hypertension may be identifiable through opportunistic medical screening

The Epitome of Novel Techniques and Targeting Approaches in Drug Delivery for Treating Lymphatic Filariasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1250-1263
Author(s):  
Saurabh Shrivastava ◽  
Anshita Gupta ◽  
Chanchal Deep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Lymphatic Diseases ◽  
Life Threatening

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a pervasive and life-threatening disease for human beings. Currently, 893 million people in 49 countries worldwide affected by lymphatic filariasis as per WHO statistics. The concealed aspects of lymphatic diseases such as delayed disease detection, inappropriate disease imaging, the geographical outbreak of infection, and lack of preventive chemotherapy have brought this epidemic to the edge of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Many medications and natural bioactive substances have seen to promote filaricidal activity against the target parasitic species. However, the majority of failures have occurred in pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic issues. Objective: The purpose of the study is to focus on the challenges and therapeutic issues in the treatment of filariasis. The review brings novel techniques and therapeutic approaches for combating lymphatic filariasis. It also offers significant developments and opportunities for such therapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Through this review, an attempt has made to critically evaluate the avenues of innovative pharmaceuticals and molecular targeting approaches to bring an integrated solution to combat lymphatic filariasis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document