scholarly journals Removal of Volatile Toluene Using K2CO3-Activated Carbon Adsorbents Prepared from Buckwheat Hull

Pollutants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Tomoya Takada ◽  
Ryo Tanaka ◽  
Ryoto Ono
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Toluene Concentration ◽  
Mesoporous Adsorbent ◽  
Iodine Adsorption ◽  
Gaseous Toluene ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Carbon adsorbents for use in the removal of gaseous toluene from the air were prepared from buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) hull. A chemically-activated adsorbent was prepared via the impregnation of raw hull powder with potassium carbonate, followed by thermal decomposition. The chemically-activated adsorbent exhibited improved adsorption capacity for toluene compared to the adsorbent prepared without chemical activation. Toluene concentration in the air decreased from 220 ppm to 160 ppm during 24 h of adsorption using unactivated adsorbent. Only a trace amount of toluene remained after the adsorption under the same conditions using K2CO3-activated adsorbent. This improvement was explained based on experimental results, specifically, iodine adsorption tests, methylene blue adsorption tests, and microscopic observations. Chemical activation dramatically increased the specific surface area of the adsorbent and created mesopores capable of adsorbing toluene. This study revealed that a mesoporous adsorbent for use in volatile toluene removal can be prepared from waste biomass (buckwheat hull) by chemical activation using potassium carbonate.

scholarly journals ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CARBON ENTEROSORBENTS TO NORMALIZE CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
N. V. Sych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Industrial Carbon

The creation of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is one of the urgent interdisciplinary tasks for modern chemistry and pharmacology. Given the role of hypercholesterolemia in the development of this disease, it is necessary to remove excess amounts of cholesterol from the body. As an alternative to means of lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the possibility of using carbon enterosorbents for efferent therapy is considered. Aim. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sorption capacity of the adsorbents developed by authors in terms of the possibility of cholesterol adsorption. Methods. Using the spectrophotometric method, the sorption of cholesterol on samples of adsorbents obtained by chemical activation of waste from the processing of lignocellulosic raw materials — dogwood and coffee residue has been studied. Results. A comparison of sorption isotherms with the isotherm obtained on the industrial adsorbent SORBEX has been performed. It was shown that the adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents is primarily determined by their porous structure. The highest sorption values (7,3 mg/g) have been revealed by the sorption material obtained by chemical activation of cornel seed, an intermediate position (6,3 mg/g) is occupied by the adsorbent obtained from the coffee residue. Industrial carbon SORBEX has the lowest sorption values (5,3 mg/g). Conclusions. Calculations by Langmuir’s and Freundlich’s models testify about the accordance of the experimental data to Langmuir’s model. The use of the obtained activated carbons may be one of the effective alternative ways to lower blood cholesterol.

scholarly journals On the Production of Potassium Carbonate from Cocoa Pod Husks

Recycling ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Kouwelton Kone ◽  
Karl Akueson ◽  
Graeme Norval
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Chemical Products

Cocoa beans are found inside an outer husk; 60% of the cocoa fruit is the outer husk, which is a waste biomass. The husk cannot be used directly as a soil amendment as it promotes the fungal black pod disease, which reduces crop yield. The pods are segregated from the trees, and their plant nutrient value is wasted. This is particularly true for the small acreage farmers in West Africa. Cocoa pod husk is well suited to be used as a biomass source for electricity production. The waste ash is rich in potassium, which can be converted in various chemical products, most notably, high-purity potassium carbonate. This study reviews the information known about cocoa and cocoa pod husk, and considers the socio-economic implications of creating a local economy based on collecting the cocoa pod husk for electricity production, coupled with the processing of the waste ash into various products. The study demonstrates that the concept is feasible, and also identifies the local conditions required to create this sustainable economic process.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) sebagai Sumber Karbon Aktif dengan Proses Kimia

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Haspiadi Haspiadi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Iodine Adsorption

Solid waste of Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by product of oil extraction from palm nut pose a serious environmental problem in some factories of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO. Thererfore the research about utilization of palm kernel cake solid waste (PKC) as a source of activated carbon was performed. From this research is to know quality of activated carbon using palm kernel cake as a row material to compare with the SNI 06-3730-1995. The process was carried out is chemical activation method with in laboratory scale using two types activator, which is phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide at six different concentration 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12% respectively. Whereas, carbonization was held at temperature of 400oC during 120 minutes. The result indicated that the quality of activated carbon according to key parameters using  the lowest concentration of  activator fulfilling with SNI 06-3730-1995 was produced by H3PO4 6%  with iodine adsorption capacity 769 mg/g. Meanwhile for activator KOH 10% according to key parameters using  the lowest concentration of  activator fulfilling with SNI 06-3730-1995 was produced by with condition of iodine adsorption capacity 778 mg/gABSTAKLimbah padat palm kernel cake (PKC) yang dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi kernel merupakan permasalahan lingkungan yang serius dibeberapa industri yang mengolah Palm Kernel Oil (PKO). Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian untuk memanfaatkan limbah padat Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) sebagai sumber karbon aktif. Diharapkan dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui mutu karbon aktif yang dihasilkan dibandingkan dengan SNI 06 3730-1995. Proses pengolahan yang dilakukan secara kimia dalam skala laboratorium, menggunakan dua jenis aktivator yaitu H3PO4 dan KOH dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% dan 12%. Karbonisasi dilakukan pada suhu 400 oC selama 120 menit. Hasil uji mutu karbon aktif yang dihasilkan berdasarkan parameter kunci dengan pertimbangan penggunaan bahan kimia dengan konsentrasi aktivator terkecil menunjukkan bahwa pengggunaan aktivator 6% H3PO4  memiliki daya serap terhadap iod sebesar (I2) 769 mg/g, bila dibandingkan dengan SNI 06 3730-1995 telah dapat memenuhi syarat mutu. Sedangkan penggunaan aktivator KOH 10%  dengan pertimbangan penggunaan bahan kimia dengan konsentrasi aktivator terkecil memiliki daya serap terhadap iod sebesar 778 mg/g. Kata kunci :  asam fosfat, kalium hidroksida, karbon aktif, limbah padat, daya serap iod, palm kernel cake

Preparation of Activated Carbon of Lignin from Straw Pulping by Chemical Activation Using Potassium Carbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Jin ◽  
Zhi Ming Yu ◽  
Gao Jiang Yan ◽  
Wu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of lignin from straw pulping precursor using potassium carbonate as the chemical agent. Effects of activated temperature, K2CO3/lignin ratio and the activated time on the yield, Iodine number of activated carbon were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions were as follow: activated temperature 800°C, K3CO3(40% concentration) /lignin ratio 5: l, activated time 50min. These conditions allowed us to obtain a BET surface area of 1104 m2/g, including the external or non-microporous surface of 417 m2/g，Amount of methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 10.6mL/0.lg,1310 mg/g and 19.75%, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Enhancement Factor for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water through Adsorption by Non-Activated and Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-213
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Amir Shafeeq ◽  
Tahir Saleem Nasir ◽  
Farzana Bashir ◽  
Tausif Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Enhancement Factor ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Waste Biomass

Removal of heavy metal ions (HMI) from water streams is desirable due to their toxic and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to prepare a low cost adsorbent in the form of non-activated carbon (NAC) and activated carbon (AC) using rice husk, a local bio-waste material. Activation of material was performed by base leaching, chemical activation using ZnCl2, followed by acid washing. The initial and final concentrations of HMI in water were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Volatile matter, ash, moisture and surface area of the prepared material were measured using ASTM methods E 897- 88 R04, E 830 - 87 R04, E 949 - 88 R04 and D 1050 - 1 respectively. An enhancement factor was used to evaluate the activating effect of the adsorbent. Maximum % age removal of HMI was measured as 69.0, 64.0, 62.0 and 56% for Ni, Cd, Zn and Pb respectively using NAC. However, by using AC, a significant increase in the %age removal efficiency of HMI was observed and measured as 99.0, 95.5, 93.0 and 89% for Ni, Cd, Zn and Pb respectively. The results showed that AC derived from waste biomass is a simple, ecological and cost-effective approach to remove bulk of metal ions from water and wastewater.  

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