scholarly journals Proposal and Application of Bluetooth Mesh Profile for Smart Cities’ Services

Smart Cities ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adonay Veiga ◽  
Claudia Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Multicast Communications ◽  
Further Development

‘Smart cities’ is a concept that embraces many technologies and solutions in sensing and carrying a city’s data through a network for further processing and analysis. Smart cities’ main priority is citizens and environmental sustainability. In practice, wireless sensors networks over mesh networks are the approach employed most of the time. In terms of wireless communications technologies, Bluetooth low energy offers a robust, low cost, and low power consumption option. The recently published Bluetooth mesh profile specification addresses the most relevant challenges on that paradigm, adding secure multicast communications capabilities. A framework to create Smart Cities services was proposed and a traffic light service was used to demonstrate specification applicability for smart cities’ services. The proposed service showed that data may be collected and shared between devices in a mesh network through and over a metropolitan area. The specification’s strengths were demonstrated and some topics for further development were identified.

Deployment of a Wireless Mesh Network for Traffic Control

2012 ◽  
pp. 290-310
Author(s):  
Kun-chan Lan ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Mahbub Hassan ◽  
Tim Moors ◽  
Rodney Berriman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Communication Needs

Wireless mesh networks (WMN) have attracted considerable interest in recent years as a convenient, new technology. However, the suitability of WMN for mission-critical infrastructure applications remains by and large unknown, as protocols typically employed in WMN are, for the most part, not designed for real-time communications. In this chapter, the authors describe a wireless mesh network architecture to solve the communication needs of the traffic control system in Sydney. This system, known as SCATS and used in over 100 cities around the world — from individual traffic light controllers to regional computers and the central TMC —places stringent requirements on the reliability and latency of the data exchanges. The authors discuss experience in the deployment of an initial testbed consisting of 7 mesh nodes placed at intersections with traffic lights, and share the results and insights learned from measurements and initial trials in the process.

Using Wireless Mesh Network for Traffic Control

2010 ◽  
pp. 331-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun-Chan Lan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Wireless Mesh Network ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Communication Needs

Wireless mesh networks (WMN) have attracted considerable interest in recent years as a convenient, flexible and low-cost alternative to wired communication infrastructures in many contexts. However, the great majority of research on metropolitan-scale WMN has been centered around maximization of available bandwidth, suitable for non-real-time applications such as Internet access for the general public. On the other hand, the suitability of WMN for missioncritical infrastructure applications remains by and large unknown, as protocols typically employed in WMN are, for the most part, not designed for realtime communications. In this chapter, we describe a real-world testbed, which sets a goal of designing a wireless mesh network architecture to solve the communication needs of the traffic control system in Sydney, Australia. This system, known as SCATS (Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System) and used in over 100 cities around the world, connects a hierarchy of several thousand devices -- from individual traffic light controllers to regional computers and the central Traffic Management Centre (TMC) - and places stringent requirements on the reliability and latency of the data exchanges. We discuss some issues in the deployment of this testbed consisting of 7 mesh nodes placed at intersections with traffic lights, and show some results from the testbed measurements.

scholarly journals LoRaWAN Mesh Networks: A Review and Classification of Multihop Communication

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4273
Author(s):  
Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim ◽  
João Henrique Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Coverage Area

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the deployment of many applications that use wireless networks, like smart cities and smart agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) meet many requirements of IoT, such as energy efficiency, low cost, large coverage area, and large-scale deployment. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) networks are one of the most studied and implemented LPWAN technologies, due to the facility to build private networks with an open standard. Typical LoRaWAN networks are single-hop in a star topology, composed of end-devices that transmit data directly to gateways. Recently, several studies proposed multihop LoRaWAN networks, thus forming wireless mesh networks. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN. In addition, we carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies. This paper also discusses open issues and future directions to realize the full potential of multihop networking. We hope to encourage other researchers to work on improving the performance of LoRaWAN mesh networks, with more theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as practical deployments.

scholarly journals Remote monitoring of an object using a wireless sensor network based on NODEMCU ESP8266

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Hicham Ouldzira ◽  
Ahmed Mouhsen ◽  
Hajar Lagraini ◽  
Mostafa Chhiba ◽  
Abdelmoumen Tabyaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Mobile Access ◽  
Remote Surveillance

<p>In recent years, wireless sensors networks (WSNs) have been imposed as an effective means of interconnection with simultaneous communication and information processing. They allow operating with sensors at low cost and low power consumption in various application areas such as ecosystem monitoring, detection and monitoring of objects and smart cities, etc.This paper describes the development of a system to detect the presence of an object and monitor it. This prototype is based on four NodeMcu modules (a static access point that provides the WIFI network, a server, a client and a mobile access point attached to the remote surveillance object) programmed under Arduino IDE and communicating between them via the HTTP protocol. The remote monitoring of the object for a linear disposition of the nodes used is based on the existence of the mobile access point in the HTTP client field.</p>

scholarly journals Random Neural Networks with Hierarchical Committees for Improved Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks with Interference

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Rataj
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Bottom Level ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Random Neural Network ◽  
Reinforced Learning ◽  
Nested Variant ◽  
Random Neural Networks

Abstract We propose a hierarchical (nested) variant of a recurrent random neural network (RNN) with reinforced learning, introduced by Gelenbe. Each neuron (committee) in a top-level RNN represents a different bottom-level RNN (or sub-committee). The bottom-level RNNs choose the best routing and the top-level RNN chooses the currently best bottom-level RNN. Each of the bottom RNNs is trained in a different way. When they differ in their choice of the best path, several cognitive packets are routed according to the different decisions. In that case, a respective ACK packet trains individual bottom RNNs and not all bottom RNNs at once. An example presents an optimisation of a real-time routing in a dense mesh network of wireless sensors relaying small metering messages between each other, until the messages reach a common gateway. The network is experiencing a periodic electromagnetic interference. The hierarchical variant causes a small increase in the number of smart packets but allows a considerably better routing quality.

Wireless mesh network data communications and reliability analysis for anti-theft application deployment in educational institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-489
Author(s):  
Roger van Rensburg ◽  
Bruce Mellado ◽  
Cesar Augusto Marin Tobon
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Data Communications ◽  
Wireless Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Purpose The purpose of this study is to locally develop low-cost wireless mesh networks for reliable data communications to devices that prevent the theft of these devices in learning institutions of South Africa. Design/methodology/approach A network test-bench was developed where millions of packets were transmitted and logged between interconnected nodes to analyze the quality of the network’s service in a harsh indoor building environment. Similar methodologies in “big data” analysis as found in particle physics were adopted to analyze the network’s performance and reliability. Findings The results from statistical analysis reveal the quality of service between multiple asynchronous transmitting nodes in the network and compared with the wireless technology routing protocol to assess coverage in large geographical areas. The mesh network provides stable data communications between nodes with the exception of reliability degradation in some multi-hopping routes. Conclusions are presented to determine whether the underlining mesh network technology will be deployed to protect devices against theft in educational institutions of South Africa. Research limitations/implications The anti-theft application will focus on proprietary firmware development with a reputable tablet manufacturer to render the device inoperable. Data communications of devices to the network will be monitored and controlled from a central management system. The electronics embedding the system-on-chip will be redesigned and developed using the guidelines stipulated by the chip manufacturer. Originality/value Design and development of low-cost wireless mesh networks to protect tablets against theft in institutions of digitized learning. The work presents performance and reliability metrics of a low-power wireless mesh wireless technology developed in a harsh indoor building environment.

Wireless mesh networks

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Wireless telemedicine using GSM and GPRS technologies can only provide low bandwidth connections, which makes it difficult to transmit images and video. Satellite or 3G wireless transmission provides greater bandwidth, but the running costs are high. Wireless networks (WLANs) appear promising, since they can supply high bandwidth at low cost. However, the WLAN technology has limitations, such as coverage. A new wireless networking technology named the wireless mesh network (WMN) overcomes some of the limitations of the WLAN. A WMN combines the characteristics of both a WLAN and ad hoc networks, thus forming an intelligent, large scale and broadband wireless network. These features are attractive for telemedicine and telecare because of the ability to provide data, voice and video communications over a large area. One successful wireless telemedicine project which uses wireless mesh technology is the Emergency Room Link (ER-LINK) in Tucson, Arizona, USA. There are three key characteristics of a WMN: self-organization, including self-management and self-healing; dynamic changes in network topology; and scalability. What we may now see is a shift from mobile communication and satellite systems for wireless telemedicine to the use of wireless networks based on mesh technology, since the latter are very attractive in terms of cost, reliability and speed.

scholarly journals Integrated routing system for wireless mesh networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Esmailpour
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Backbone Network ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Alternative Path

Recently Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has become popular especially for its low cost deployment in the areas of poor network infrastructure and terrain of difficult deployment. Although paths in WMN backbone network are stable, the access link contention can severely constrain the end-to-end throughput. We proposed an integrated routing system for WMN that exploits both paths through the backbone network and through the ad-hoc access network of mobile nodes. The ad-hoc path is considered as an alternative path and is used only when the primary backbone path is severely constrained due to access links contention. We have shown through simulation that alternative path is effective in delivering higher throughput in that situation. We also proposed a scheme for initiating the route discovery of the ad-hoc path. The main contributions of this thesis are two algorithms that allow the mobile node to evaluate the throughput of the backbone and ad-hoc paths, and to make a decision of taking one path. The proposed algorithms are implemented in OPNET simulator, and network performance is studied under variety of conditions.

scholarly journals Integrated routing system for wireless mesh networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Esmailpour
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Backbone Network ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Alternative Path

Recently Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has become popular especially for its low cost deployment in the areas of poor network infrastructure and terrain of difficult deployment. Although paths in WMN backbone network are stable, the access link contention can severely constrain the end-to-end throughput. We proposed an integrated routing system for WMN that exploits both paths through the backbone network and through the ad-hoc access network of mobile nodes. The ad-hoc path is considered as an alternative path and is used only when the primary backbone path is severely constrained due to access links contention. We have shown through simulation that alternative path is effective in delivering higher throughput in that situation. We also proposed a scheme for initiating the route discovery of the ad-hoc path. The main contributions of this thesis are two algorithms that allow the mobile node to evaluate the throughput of the backbone and ad-hoc paths, and to make a decision of taking one path. The proposed algorithms are implemented in OPNET simulator, and network performance is studied under variety of conditions.

COORDINATED DISTRIBUTED SCHEDULING IN WIRELESS MESH NETWORK

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Usha Kumari ◽  
Udai Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Ieee 802.16 ◽  
Distributed Scheduling ◽  
Mesh Network ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Wireless Mesh

IEEE 802.16 based wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are a promising broadband access solution to support flexibility, cost effectiveness and fast deployment of the fourth generation infrastructure based wireless networks. Reducing the time for channel establishment is critical for low latency/interactive Applications. According to IEEE 802.16 MAC protocol, there are three scheduling algorithms for assigning TDMA slots to each network node: centralized and distributed the distributed is further divided into two operational modes coordinated distributed and uncoordinated distributed. In coordinated distributed scheduling algorithm, network nodes have to transmit scheduling message in order to inform other nodes about their transfer schedule. In this paper a new approach is proposed to improve coordinated distributed scheduling efficiency in IEEE 802.16 mesh mode, with respect to three parameter Throughput, Average end to end delay and Normalized Overhead. For evaluating the proposed networks efficiency, several extensive simulations are performed in various network configurations and the most important system parameters which affect the network performance are analyzed

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