scholarly journals A Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Opportunity: Integrating Kirzner's and Mises's Approaches to Entrepreneurial Action.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 499-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander McKelvie ◽  
Johan Wiklund ◽  
Jeffery McMullen ◽  
Almantas Palubinskas
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Opportunity Discovery ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies ◽  
Over Time

We highlight the important role that time plays in conceptualizations of opportunity in entrepreneurship research. Through two longitudinal case studies, we introduce a more dynamic understanding of opportunities than portrayed by current theorizing, which tends to emphasize “opportunity discovery.” By adopting a dynamic temporal perspective, we integrate Kirzner’s and Mises’s approaches to entrepreneurial action to generate novel insights about how entrepreneurs view opportunities as initial opportunity beliefs, how these beliefs change over time, and how these changes help inform scholarly research of opportunities. We argue that taking the role of time into consideration opens up new questions related to opportunity and the dynamics of its development.

Entrepreneurship and Chance

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Alexandra França ◽  
Orlando Lima Rua
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
New Venture Creation ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunity ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Opportunity Discovery

The unpredictability of business activities means that entrepreneurs should find a way to adapt and embrace chance. The traditional and predefined process logic offers little support for today's complex and dynamic business environment. One tenet that shaped the direction of entrepreneurship research is the view that the entrepreneurial opportunity discovery and development is linear, systematic, and rational, that is, it is assumed that all factors are measurable and knowable. However, unknowable instances of coincidence, randomness, and chance factors can play a significant role in new venture creation. The authors propose that these factors point to the nonlinear and acausal phenomenon of chance. This research proposal intends to address entrepreneurs' alternative mechanisms, other than the classic formal planning model, to harness opportunities or overcome setbacks arising from chance. To achieve our purpose, the authors examine qualitative data drawn from entrepreneurial activity of Spain and Portugal.

Conclusions

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Nick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 9 closes the book with a comparative analysis of the key theoretical frameworks employed in the book in order to illuminate the contribution of returnee entrepreneurs to post-conflict economies. As global migration continues to grow, the role of returnees are becoming an ever more important aspect of entrepreneurship research. The chapter articulates the specific components of isolation and assimilation, detailing that while individuals are returning to complex homelands, their contribution is not currently being maximised. They are not assimilated within the economy, often avoiding policy actions designed to engage with them. This will have a lasting impact on the potential of returnees to contribute to their homeland, especially given that the emotional ties of the first generation are stronger than subsequent generations and thus interest in homeland return may diminish over time.

Confession, conscience, and selfhood on trial

2018 ◽  
pp. 124-177
Author(s):  
Laura Kounine
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Self ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Moral Question ◽  
Modern Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Over Time

This chapter deals with the role of the self and conscience in defending oneself against the charge of witchcraft. To add depth to intellectual concepts—and teleologies—of the self, we must understand how the individual self was understood, felt, and experienced. Particularly for the crime of witchcraft, the crux of the trial was premised on the moral question of what kind of person would commit such a crime. Those on trial for witchcraft in the Lutheran duchy of Württemberg invoked the idioms of ‘mind’, ‘conscience’, ‘heart’, or ‘self’ in constructing their defence. Through four case studies, ranging from 1565 to 1678, this chapter examines the different ways in which people could conceptualize their person, and shows that change over time in the ‘development’ of the modern self was not a uniform or directly linear pattern.

scholarly journals Agency, futurity and representation: Conceptualising hope in recent sociological work

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1102-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Cook ◽  
Hernán Cuervo
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Sociological Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies

Although humanities and social science disciplines have witnessed an explosion of interest in the topic of hope in recent decades, uptake of this concept has been comparatively uneven in sociological research. Hope has garnered substantial attention in relation to topics such as health, poverty, youth and work within creative industries, while attracting sporadic interest elsewhere. However, despite this uneven engagement, studies addressing hope in each area have echoed many of the same ambiguities. We focus on two such ambiguities: the relationship between hope and futurity, and the relationship between hope and agency. Drawing on the observation that recent treatments of hope appear to either emphasise a hoped-for outcome situated in the future or focus on the role of hope in coping with the present we reframe this debate, contending that these tendencies suggest two distinct modes of hope: representational and non-representational. By reframing the relationship between hope and futurity thus we seek to, in turn, untangle the ambiguous relationship between hope and agency. We test the utility of our conceptualisations of hope by placing them into dialogue with longitudinal case studies compiled from biennial interviews and annual surveys conducted over a 10-year period. We ultimately put forward some means by which recent sociological treatments of hope can be unified, and in so doing contend that conceptualising hope not as an individual experience, but as part of broader political economies of hope can attune us to the ways in which inequalities are manifest through uneven distributions and experiences of hope.

scholarly journals How Smart Operations Help Better Planning and Replenishment?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1637-1656
Author(s):  
Usha Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Information Requirements ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies ◽  
Planning Production ◽  
Improve Planning

This chapter discusses various roles of smart information in Supply Chains (SC) of digital age and tries to answer an important question - What types of collaborative arrangements facilitate smart operations to improve planning, production and timely replenishment? We have conducted longitudinal case studies with firms practicing SC collaborations and also using smart information for operations. Based on the case analysis, the companies are further classified as ‘smart planning' and ‘traditional planning'. Research findings show the importance of aligning SC partnerships based on smart information requirements. These findings are based on case studies of Indian firms with global SC collaboration. We also discuss the role of Big Data for the companies using smart planning.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial thinking and action in opportunity development: A conceptual process model

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Tommy Høyvarde Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Lateral Translation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This article develops a conceptual process model of how founders develop entrepreneurial ideas into opportunities. Drawing on translation theory, I conceptualise opportunity development as a process of translation between three interlinked but distinct entities over time: ostensive ideas (abstract entrepreneurial ideas), performative ideas (context-specific entrepreneurial ideas) and venture offerings. Whereas ostensive and performative ideas reside in the realm of conceptual and entrepreneurial thinking, venture offerings reside in actual business worlds and entrepreneurial action. The model identifies learning about the abstract nature of the entrepreneurial idea itself (ostensive) through lateral translation and abstraction and separates this from developing a concrete manifestation of the idea in time and space (performative) through vertical translation and concretisation. This is different from the venture offering, which is a specific empirical translation of the performative idea. Entrepreneurs receive feedback about the viability of the venture offering from social interaction that influence further opportunity development. The model portrays opportunity development as a triple-looped process driven by distinct types of translation, lateral, vertical and empirical. It clarifies the relationship between entrepreneurial ideas and entrepreneurial opportunities and maps the role of thinking and action in this regard.

Wildfire prevention engineering systems

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Pottharst ◽  
Brian W. Mar
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Equipment Maintenance ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Over Time

The role of engineering in wildfire prevention and management was examined from a systems viewpoint. A model was developed to describe the causality between engineering actions such as product innovation, equipment maintenance, and system modification and the reduction in wildfires. Case studies of railroad- and equipment-caused wildfires were developed to demonstrate how the model coefficients can be estimated using existing wildfire statistics, and how the model can be enhanced with additional wildfire data. These data indicate not only how much new products can reduce wildfire caused by the unimproved product, but also show that maintenance is required to keep up these reductions over time.

The Perils of Profiling: Civil War Spoilers and the Collapse of Intrastate Peace Accords

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Greenhill ◽  
Solomon Major
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Security ◽  
Static Characteristics ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Peace Accords ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Material Power ◽  
Over Time

In a highly influential article in International Security, Stephen Stedman introduced a model of “civil war spoilers,” which focused valuable attention on the generally underappreciated role of elites in determining the course of negotiations and in implementing intrastate peace accords. For all its virtues, however, the spoiler model did not suggest the best set of strategies for deterring or defeating those who might seek to undermine peace processes. This is because context-specific and actor-specific measures tend to affect diplomatic instruments only at the margin and because, while spoiler type does not change over time, actors' commitment to fulfilling the provisions of peace accords often does; thus these static characteristics cannot be the critical variables the spoiler model suggests they are. Instead, as a detailed reexamination of three of Stedman's case studies (i.e., Angola, Mozambique, and Cambodia) demonstrates, a capabilities-based model offers a more parsimonious and generalizable explanation for why, when, and under what conditions actors who seek to undermine the peace will emerge or retreat. As such, the real key to deterring and defeating would-be spoilers lies in the possession and exercise of the material power to coerce or co-opt them, rather than in the capacity to discern their true character or personality type.

The promises and pitfalls of collective bargaining for ending the victimization of trade union activists: Lessons from France

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Guillaume ◽  
Sophie Pochic ◽  
Vincent-Arnaud Chappe
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Organizational Responses ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Union Activists ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Over Time

The broadening of the anti-discrimination legislation and the growing use of litigation have put pressure on organizations to respond to the law by elaborating formal rules and, in the case of France, negotiating collective agreements on union rights. This article addresses the issue of union victimization by investigating the various organizational responses to anti-discrimination law. By focusing on in-depth case studies over a long period of time, it offers new insights into the processes whereby law is internalized and how they interact with litigation over time, and also highlights the active, contested and changing role of HR professionals and trade unionists in the shaping of organizational responses.

scholarly journals How Smart Operations Help Better Planning and Replenishment?

2017 ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usha Ramanathan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Information Requirements ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies ◽  
Planning Production ◽  
Improve Planning

This chapter discusses various roles of smart information in Supply Chains (SC) of digital age and tries to answer an important question - What types of collaborative arrangements facilitate smart operations to improve planning, production and timely replenishment? We have conducted longitudinal case studies with firms practicing SC collaborations and also using smart information for operations. Based on the case analysis, the companies are further classified as ‘smart planning' and ‘traditional planning'. Research findings show the importance of aligning SC partnerships based on smart information requirements. These findings are based on case studies of Indian firms with global SC collaboration. We also discuss the role of Big Data for the companies using smart planning.

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