Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Opportunities for Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwat Rauf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
World History ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multilateral Diplomacy ◽  
The Impact

Pakistan’s inclusion in Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is optimistically seen as a turning point in the changing geopolitical landscape of the Eurasian belt, as well as bringing new opportunities for Pakistan. This paper explores the prospects of economic development and political cooperation that Pakistan’s membership of SCO offers. The practice of multilateral diplomacy has helped in mitigating regional tensions and augmenting collaboration in the world history, therefore, the paper explores the possibilities of SCO as the best multilateral forum for Pakistan. Although SCO is perceived as an anti-Western alliance, its extended membership is building on the allies (old and new) of the US, particularly inclusion of India and Pakistan is challenging the stance. Moreover, SCO has shunned the notion of anti-Western outlook and the widespread perception to balance out the supremacy of US at the regional, as well as global level. Even so, SCO is catering all prerequisites of the collaboration of regional actors in Central and South Asia and furthering cooperation in the economic field. In this setting, the paper is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the analytical framework of new regionalism in South and Central Asia. The second part examines core factors that have led to the extension of the SCO. Finally, the paper evaluates the impact of the extension of the SCO on Pakistan. The study concludes that notwithstanding challenges, the SCO provides opportunities for economic development and political cooperation between states.

Building Trust in E-Commerce through Web Interface

2011 ◽  
pp. 1195-1205
Author(s):  
Muneesh Kumar ◽  
Mamta Sareen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Web Interface ◽  
Web Interfaces ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Online Trading ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Seller Relationship ◽  
The Web

The emergence of Internet has revolutionalized the way businesses are conducted. The impact of e-commerce is pervasive, both on companies and society as a whole. It has the potential to impact the pace of economic development and in turn influence the process of human development at the global level. However, the growth in e-commerce is being impaired by the issue of trust in the buyer-seller relationship which is arising due to the virtual nature of e-commerce environment. The online trading environment is constrained by a number of factors including web interface that in turn influences user experience. This article identifies various dimensions of web interface that have the potential to influence trust in e-commerce. The empirical evidence presented in the article is based on a survey of the web interfaces of 65 Indian e-Marketplaces.

scholarly journals Litigation Dilemmas: Lessons from the Marcos Human Rights Class Action

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 479-508
Author(s):  
Nate Ela
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Legal Mobilization ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alien Tort Statute

How do activist plaintiffs experience the process of human rights litigation under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS)? Answering this question is key to understanding the impact on transnational legal mobilization of Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co., in which the US Supreme Court sharply limited the scope of the ATS. Yet sociolegal scholars know remarkably little about the experiences of ATS litigants, before or after Kiobel. This article describes how activist litigants in a landmark ATS class action against former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos faced a series of strategic dilemmas, and how disagreements over how to resolve those dilemmas played into divisions between activists and organizations on the Philippine left. The article develops an analytical framework focused on litigation dilemmas to explain how and why activists who pursue ATS litigation as an opportunity for legal mobilization may also encounter strategic dilemmas that contribute to dissension within a social movement.

Universities’ Role as Catalysts for Venture Creation

2013 ◽  
pp. 153-181
Author(s):  
Thomas O’Neal ◽  
Henriette Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
University Of Central Florida ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Us ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Universities are being asked to play an increasingly larger role in communities as catalysts for venture creation. Some universities have embraced taking an active role, often filling gaps in the local entrepreneurial environment, to induce venture creation. This chapter discusses the role the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, USA, has taken when partnering with local economic development entities in academic to practitioner-based activities. Over the last 12 years, UCF’s Office of Research and Commercialization (UCF ORC) has continuously worked on improving the process of getting ideas from the university laboratories and the community out to the market to help the community grow and flourish. UCF and a growing number of other universities are creating a suite of Entrepreneurial Support Entities (ESEs) that provide entrepreneurial help in all of a company’s development stages. This chapter presents the interactions among the ESEs, with UCF serving as an example to demonstrate the impact a university can have on its surroundings and on the community’s development. There are many examples of such interactions across the US at other universities as well.

scholarly journals Litigation Dilemmas: Lessons From the Marcos Human Rights Class Action

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nate Ela
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Legal Mobilization ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
Royal Dutch Shell ◽  
The Impact

How do activist plaintiffs experience the process of human rights litigation under the Alien Tort Statute (ATS)? Answering this question is key to understanding the impact on transnational legal mobilization of Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Shell, in which the US Supreme Court sharply limited the scope of the ATS. Yet socio-legal scholars know remarkably little about the experiences of ATS litigants, before or after Kiobel. This article describes how activist litigants in a landmark ATS class action against former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos faced a series of strategic dilemmas, and how disagreements over how to resolve those dilemmas played into divisions between activists and organizations on the Philippine left. The article develops an analytical framework focused on litigation dilemmas, to explain how and why activists who pursue ATS litigation as an opportunity for legal mobilization may also encounter strategic dilemmas that contribute to dissension within a social movement.

scholarly journals Universities' Role as Catalysts for Venture Creation

Economics ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 1311-1339
Author(s):  
Thomas O'Neal ◽  
Henriette Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
University Of Central Florida ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The Us ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Universities are being asked to play an increasingly larger role in communities as catalysts for venture creation. Some universities have embraced taking an active role, often filling gaps in the local entrepreneurial environment, to induce venture creation. This chapter discusses the role the University of Central Florida (UCF) in Orlando, USA, has taken when partnering with local economic development entities in academic to practitioner-based activities. Over the last 12 years, UCF's Office of Research and Commercialization (UCF ORC) has continuously worked on improving the process of getting ideas from the university laboratories and the community out to the market to help the community grow and flourish. UCF and a growing number of other universities are creating a suite of Entrepreneurial Support Entities (ESEs) that provide entrepreneurial help in all of a company's development stages. This chapter presents the interactions among the ESEs, with UCF serving as an example to demonstrate the impact a university can have on its surroundings and on the community's development. There are many examples of such interactions across the US at other universities as well.

scholarly journals Vaccination and three non-pharmaceutical interventions determine the end of COVID-19 at 381 metropolitan statistical areas in the US

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
LU ZHONG ◽  
Mamadou Diagne ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Jianxi Gao
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Areas ◽  
Input Signals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Manageable Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

The rapid rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine global raises the question of whether and when the ongoing pandemic could be eliminated with vaccination and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Despite advances in the impact of NPIs and the conceptual belief that NPIs and vaccination control COVID-19 infections, we lack evidence to employ control theory in real-world social human dynamics in the context of disease spreading. We bridge the gap by developing a new analytical framework that treats COVID-19 as a feedback control system with the NPIs and vaccination as the controllers and a computational and mathematical model that maps human social behaviors to input signals. This approach enables us to effectively predict the epidemic spreading in 381 Metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) in the US by learning our model parameters utilizing the time series NPIs (i.e., the stay-at-home order, face-mask wearing, and testing) data. This model allows us to optimally identify three NPIs to predict infections actually in 381 MSAs and avoid overfitting. Our numerical results universally demonstrate our approach's excellent predictive power with R2>0.9 of all the MSAs regardless of their sizes, locations, and demographic status. Our methodology allows us to estimate the needed vaccine coverage and NPIs for achieving Re to the manageable level and the required days for disease elimination at each location. Our analytical results provide insights into the debates on the aims for eliminating COVID-19. NPIs, if tailored to the MSAs, can drive the pandemic to an easily containable level and suppress future recurrences of epidemic cycles.

The American style of development aid to Liberia

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
George Klay Kieh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Us ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Style ◽  
Material Conditions

There is a growing corpus of literature on the critical issue of the various styles used by donors in giving development aid to recipient states in various parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. This article seeks to contribute to the body of literature by examining the nature and dynamics of the American style of development aid to Liberia and the resulting implications for the latter’s social and economic development. Using the realpolitik model as its analytical framework, the article situates the American style of development aid giving within the broader context of Liberia-United States (US) relations. Based on this foundation, the article then interrogated the flows of US development aid to Liberia from 1946–2013. The findings indicate that the American style of aid giving is ostensibly designed to serve the economic, political, military and strategic interests of the US. In this vein, Liberia is required to serve as a foot soldier in the promotion of American national interests in the former and elsewhere. Accordingly, in terms of the implications for social and economic development, for the past six decades American development aid has not helped to advance the material conditions of Liberia’s subaltern classes. However, in order to change this situation, the US would need to rethink the realpolitik foundation of its development aid programme and the Liberian government would need to press for such a policy rethinking. However, both of these possibilities are highly unlikely, given the US’ determination to prosecute its imperial project and its clientelist relationship with the Liberian government.

scholarly journals EC-US relations in an era of interdependence

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Κωνσταντίνος Υφαντής
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
International System ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
European Market ◽  
System Level ◽  
Single European Market ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the impact of the US on EC policy-making in the context of the completion of the Single European Market. The main argument of the thesis has been that EC-US relations can be better understood when set against the highly interdependent international system of the 1980s and 1990s. The analytical framework established recognizes the need for an explanation of EC-US relations in the late 1980s, to be placed within the logic of 'complex’ interdependence - as it has been developed by Keohane and Nye. In that context, the study attempted to evaluate 'interdependence', by examining the extent to which EC policy-making in the framework of the completion of the Single European Market has been, partly, the result of US influence and pressure. The nature of interdependence means that the value of sectoral case studies is high. Case study research leads to a better understanding of the EC-US interactions. In that framework, three case studies were undertaken. The analysis after having examined the US reaction to the SEM programme in general, focused in three policy areas in which the EC-US interplay has been distinct: broadcasting, telecommunications, and the Uruguay Round trade negotiations (the dispute over farm subsidies). The empirical investigation was based on personal interviews obtained from EC Commission and US Mission officials in Brussels, as well as on official EC and US documentation. The contribution of the interdependence 'logic' to the studyof EC-US relations is that it frames EC foreign policy activity in an international context, by emphasizing the importance of change at an international system level. At the same time, viewing EC-US relations through the interdependence prism means that the significance of the multiple actors affecting the EC and the US in their interplay, as well as stressing the importance of multiple channels of contact and influence, and the high levels of mutual sensitivity to each other’s actions is more easily identified. However, while the concept of interdependence provides the overriding explanatory framework, moving to a micro-level analysis, its lack of parsimony calls for a multidimensional approach. Therefore, trade disputes in different areas may be judged against the specificity of neo-vriercantilist propositions.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Economic Impact of US Presidential Elections Based on Principal Component and Logical Regression

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Wang ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Jin-Tao Su ◽  
Jia-Ming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
The Impact

Economy is one of the major issues in the United States presidential election campaign. In order to investigate the impact of the US presidential election on the economy, this paper first constructs an analysis model of the economic impact on the United States based on stepwise regression and principal component analysis to analyze the focus of different candidates’ attention on the economic issues and its possible impact on the US economy in the election year and after the election; secondly, a Chinese economic impact analysis model based on factor analysis and machine learning logistic regression was constructed to analyze the impact of the US presidential election on the Chinese economy. At the same time, the future economic development of the United States and China based on the time series prediction model is forecast and analyzed, respectively. Finally, the countermeasures and policy suggestions on China’s related economic development are put forward.

Chaotic Order

2021 ◽  
pp. 226-258
Author(s):  
Marina Yue Zhang ◽  
Mark Dodgson ◽  
David M. Gann
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
The West ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores how order emerges from chaos in China’s innovation machine. It emphasizes how innovation is emergent, evolutionary, and complex and cannot be centrally planned and controlled. Innovation involves experimentation, the initial growth of which requires some protection, but the scale and scope of which can be rapidly amplified in an interdependent digital economy. The challenges facing the innovation machine are outlined. These include the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the impending clash of political ideology between China and the West manifested by a technology cold war over issues such as technological standards. The chapter argues that, despite numerous shortcomings, China’s innovation machine is remarkably successful and robust and can even strengthen as result of external pressures. It does, however, face specific internal policy challenges, including whether the government can maintain the pragmatism of recent policies with continued development of the market, and strengthened transparency on the nature and purpose of China’s approach to innovation, and the nation’s greater assumption of leadership roles in international forums. How China handles these challenges will significantly impact the future of global economic development and political cooperation.

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