Baku instead of Ankara – Turkish Students from Bulgaria in Azerbaijan during 1950s

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-37
Author(s):  
Nurie Muratova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
State University ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
National Languages

The paper presents the nonresearched question about the Turks from Bulgaria who studded in Baku in the 1950s. In this period in Bulgaria the Soviet policy for acknowledging of the rights of the national minorities was applied and the communist regime aimed at directing Bulgarian Turks to the Turkic republics of Soviet Union and especially to Azerbaijan. This policy changed at the end of the 1950s. From 1952 to 1960 more than 50 students graduated from Azerbaijan Peda-gogical Institute and Azerbaijan State University. They were prepared to teach in the Turkish schools in Bulgaria (around 1100 at the beginning of 1950s) but when they returned there were not anymore Turkish schools in Bulgaria. The processes in the sphere of the national languages and educational policies in USSR for this period have been researched. The alumni from the universities in Baku have to experience the contradictions between the Soviet policies to national republics and dynamic of the policy of the communist regime in Bulgaria concerning the Turkish population. The research is based on documents from the State Archive of Azerbaijan, documents from the Central State Archive in Sofia and oral testimonies.

The Challenges to Social Control in Brezhnev’s Soviet Union, 1964-1982

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-173
Author(s):  
Fedor L. Sinitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Government ◽  
General Secretary

This article examines the development of social control in the Soviet Union under Leonid Brezhnev, who was General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1964 to 1982. Historians have largely neglected this question, especially with regard to its evolution and efficiency. Research is based on sources in the Russian State Archive of Modern History (RGANI), the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI) and the Moscow Central State Archive (TSGAM). During Brezhnevs rule, Soviet propaganda reached the peak of its development. However, despite the fact that authorities tried to improve it, the system was ritualistic, unconvincing, unwieldy, and favored quantity over quality. The same was true for political education, which did little more than inspire sullen passivity in its students. Although officials recognized these failings, their response was ineffective, and over time Soviet propaganda increasingly lost its potency. At the same time, there were new trends in the system of social control. Authorities tried to have a foot in both camps - to strengthen censorship, and at the same time to get feedback from the public. However, many were afraid to express any criticism openly. In turn, the government used data on peoples sentiments only to try to control their thoughts. As a result, it did not respond to matters that concerned the public. These problems only increased during the era of stagnation and contributed to the decline and subsequent collapse of the Soviet system.

scholarly journals Preparation of medicinal plants by the pharmaceutical industry in the Kuibyshev Region during the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Gorshenin ◽  
Valeria Igorevna Ruderman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Government

In the conditions of the Great Patriotic War, there was a problem of shortage of medicines, caused by the partial loss of pharmaceutical industry enterprises due to the occupation of large territories of the Soviet Union. In this situation the solution was the use of medicinal plants, which attracted attention in the 1920s and 1930s, but in the conditions of war it became much more important. The paper deals with the activities of the Main Pharmacy Department and the inter-regional office of the All-Union Trust for the procurement of medicinal plants for the cultivation, collection and procurement of plant raw materials used in medicine. The structure of the pharmaceutical industry of the region is analyzed and the ways of harvesting cultivated and wild medicinal plants are characterized. The authors analyze the dynamics of medicinal plants harvesting on the territory of the Kuibyshev Region using the documents of the Central State Archive of the Samara Region and the State Archive of the Russian Federation, as well as periodicals of the war years. The paper reveals the reasons for non-compliance with the planned indicators for the delivery of plant raw materials established by the government, as well as the measures taken by local authorities to correct this situation. The enthusiasm of the public the help of schoolchildren, teachers and housewives played a great role in increasing the volume of harvesting plants.

Changing Patterns of Power in Cold War Politics: The Mysterious Case of Vladimír Komárek

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Lukes
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The West ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

The story of the arrest and imprisonment of Vladimír Komárek sheds valuable light on relations between Czechoslovakia and the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. Komárek, who had worked as an intelligence officer against the Czechoslovak Communist regime in the 1950s, was a U.S. citizen traveling to the Soviet Union on business when he was dramatically captured by the Czechoslovak authorities. Pressure from the U.S. government and private individuals, as well as conflicts between the Czechoslovak secret service and other, more liberal, elements in the Czechoslovak government, ultimately led to Komárek's release. Czechoslovakia's eventual willingness to cooperate in the Komárek case signaled a new approach to relations with the West, an approach that would have significant consequences during the Prague Spring of 1968.

scholarly journals Heroes of the Soviet Union - students of Kuibyshev State Pedagogical Institute (based on the archive of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education and Samara State Archive of Social and Political History)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Elena Lenarovna Khramkova ◽  
Nina Petrovna Khramkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Political History ◽  
State University ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
State Pedagogical Institute ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the spring and summer of 2017 personal files of the Soviet Union Heroes Vladimir Mikhaylovich Mikheyev, Alexander Mitrofanovich Bondarev and Alexander Vasilyevich Novikov were found in archives of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education (SSUSSE). Their names and feats made during the Great Patriotic War were known. However thanks to the found documents the authors managed to connect them with the pedagogical university for the first time. Established facts were supported by the documents of Samara State Archive of Social and Political History (SSASPH). On November 7, 2017 the memorial plate with images of heroes and dates of their training at the pedagogical university were created and placed on the university building (L. Tolstoy St., 47). In November-December of the same year personal records of two more Soviet Union Heroes - Boris Mikhaylovich Padalko and Mikhail Yakovlevich Romanov were found in archive of SSUSSE. They also graduated from Kuibyshev pedagogical university after the war. The received materials have been confirmed with the materials of SSASPH again. The paper considers new facts of life and activity of five Soviet Union Heroes of 1941-1945 on the basis of personal records which are stored in archives of SSUSSE and SSASPH. The number of the heroes who graduated from Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education as well as the number of the Soviet Union Heroes of the Samara Region has successfully increased.

scholarly journals 110th anniversary of the teacher Dora Naumovna Keyser (1909-1972) who worked at the Faculty of History at Kuibyshev State Pedagogical Institute

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Elena Lenarovna Khramkova
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Research Field ◽  
State University ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
Pedagogical Institute ◽  
State Pedagogical Institute ◽  
History Department

The paper is dedicated to the 110th anniversary of the teacher Dora Naumovna Keyser (07 March 1909-14 May 1972) who worked for General History Department at Kuibyshev State Pedagogical Institute. The author of this paper for the first time considers the biography of D.N. Keyser on the basis of materials from the archive of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, the Central State Archive of the Samara Region and the Samara Regional State Archive of Socio-Political History. D.N. Keysers scientific activity was examined using bibliographic sources stored in the library of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara Regional Universal Scientific Library and the Russian State Library. The author also studies the circumstances and consequences of the defense of the first PhD by D.N. Keyser, which made it possible to supplement the idea of the content of political and ideological campaigns of the second half of the 1940s - early 1950s at pedagogical universities. It was possible to find new documents about one of the opponents of her dissertation - Professor of Syzran State Teachers Institute Vladimir Evgenievich Favorsky. In general, the analysis of documents proved the prospect of further archival research aimed at expanding the research field of studying the history of higher historical education in the province and the fate of historians in the post-revolutionary period.

scholarly journals The case of Solomon Gertsevich Basin: regional practice of political and ideological campaigns of the second half of the 1940s - early 1950s

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-238
Author(s):  
Elena Lenarovna Khramkova ◽  
Nina Petrovna Khramkova
Keyword(s):  
Political Campaigns ◽  
State University ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Pedagogical Institute ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
State Pedagogical Institute ◽  
Post War ◽  
History Department ◽  
The University

The paper reconstructs the little-known pages of the biography of the Samara historian, doctor of historical sciences, professor Solomon Gertsevich Basin. The source base for the study was the materials of his personal file, personal files, protocol documentation of the primary party organization of the Kuibyshev State Pedagogical Institute (now Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education), the Frunzensky District Committee of the Kuybyshev CPSU(b) and other documents that were found in the archive and the SSUSSE library, the Central State Archive of the Samara Region and the Samara Regional State Archive of Social and Political History. The focus is on the circumstances of the involvement of S.G. Basin in the well-known political campaigns of the second half of the 1940s - early 1950s, the analysis of his case as well as the teachers of the Kuibyshev Pedagogical Institute - the most active participants in the fight against servitude before the West, with cosmopolitanism and others. The paper also attempts to clarify the motivation that determined certain actions of the main actors in the context of the ideological influence on the pedagogical intelligentsia in the post-war period. For this purpose, the biographies of some directors, deputy directors, secretaries of the university organization of the party, teachers of the history department of KSPI were studied.

scholarly journals “These Bright Eyes Were Free from Vagueness”: Peculiar Graphic Art of the Leningrad Artist Vera Milyutina

2019 ◽  
pp. 610-622
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Shanyavskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Different Parts

The article studies the prewar artistic legacy of the Leningrad artist Vera Milyutina (1903-1987). Her most famous work is a graphic series The Hermitage in the Days of the Siege of Leningrad (1942). Art historians have ignored Vera Milyutina’s prewar works, wherefrom springs the relevance of this article. It attempts to analyze Milyutina’s works stored in the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg. The author sets off to study the documents on Milyutina’s summer trips in 1937-1939, their objects and routes and to analyze the works of art created in these trips and demonstrate their importance for formation of Vera Milyutina’s graphic art. The article draws on unpublished documents, works of art, and photos from the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg. During her summer trips Vera Milyutina visited different parts of the Soviet Union: Karelia, the Altai, the Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod) region. Pencil, ink, and watercolour paintings give an account of Vera Milyutina’s trip to Karelia in 1937. There is an album, which had by some miracle survived the Siege of Leningrad; it is an unique document on her 1938 trip to Altai. It contains drawings, notes, hortus siccus, photos, and documents from the trip. A detailed account of the trip to the Gorky region in 1939 was left in the artist’s diary covering 1939 to 1953 and in her memoirs prepared in 1985. There are numerous drawings of Lake Svetloyar and town Semenov (both in the Gorky region). Art review of materials from the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg concludes that Vera Milyutina was exacting in her work, followed the principles of academic drawing according to the system of Pavel Chistyakov (Russian artist from St. Petersburg, 1832-1919), and chose timeless subjects for her work. The article can be of use to art historians and archivists, who study the evolution of the Soviet graphic art and biographies of the Leningrad artists.

scholarly journals Отражение ранних вариантов советских национальных языков в московских русско-иноязычных словарях

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Jolanta Mędelska ◽  
Marek Cieszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Languages

Reflection of early Soviet dialects of national languages in Russian bilingual dictionaries published in MoscowAfter the October Revolution, over half of the citizens of the new Russian state were non-Russians. The historical homeland of some of them was outside the Soviet Union. The experiences of two largest national minorities: the Germans (1 238 000) and the Poles (782 000) were similar in many respects. Members of both nations were persecuted, suffered massive repression, and were deported to Siberia and Kazakhstan. The new cultural and political reality (separation from the historical homeland and national languages, influence of Russian and other languages of Soviet Union nations, necessity to use new Soviet lexis and technical/scientific terminology on a daily basis) forced changes in German and Polish used in the Soviet Union. Soviet dialects of national languages were reinforced in books, handbooks, the press, and propaganda materials etc. published in German and Polish in huge number of copies. The Soviet dialects of German and Polish were reflected on the right side of Russian-German and Russian-Polish dictionaries published in the 1930s by “Sovetskaya Entsyklopedia”. The analysis and comparison of the language material excerpted from the dictionaries show that Soviet dialects of both languages were characterized by the presence of orientalisms (result of the constant contact with the nations and nationalities of the Soviet Union and their culture) and unique lexis related to the Russian way of life (Russian culinary lexis, names of musical instruments, names of garments) and Sovietisms (i.e. new political terminology and words related to the Soviet way of life). The Germans found it more difficult to adapt their native code to life in the Soviet Union.

THE ILLUMINATING OF THE EDUCATION ISSUES OF SURKHAN OASIS IN ARCHIVAL DOCUMENTS(1920-1930 YEARS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Oybek Isaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Archival Documents

The materials which were stated in this article is about 1920-1930 and it discusses processes ofeducational system in Surkhan valley on the basis of data from Uzbek Republic Central State Archive, as well as regional Archive of Surkhandarya province, and Archives of districts. The article reveals clear understanding about how educational affairs went on in the valley, constructions of schools, and liquidation of old traditional schools and establishment of the novelsoviet educational school system.

Generals, Statesmen, and International Politics in Europe, 1898-1945The Republic in Danger: General Maurice Gamelin and the Politics of French Defence, 1933-1940 by Martin S. Alexander. New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992. xiv, 573 pp. $94.95 U.S.Churchill, edited by Robert Blake and Wm. Roger Louis. New York, W.W. Norton, 1993. xv, 579 pp. $46.99.Louis Loucheur and the Shaping of Modem France, 1916-1931 by Stephen D. Carls. Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Louisiana State University Press, 1993. xv, 330 pp.Churchill: The End of Glory, A Political Biography by John Charmley. Toronto, MacFarlane Walter and Ross, 1993. viii, 742 pp. $45.00.The French Foreign Office and the Origins of the First World War, 1898-1914 by M. B. Hayne. Don Mills, Ontario, Clarendon Press, 1993. 328 pp. $78.95.When the Soviet Union Entered World Politics by Jon S. Jacobson. Berkeley, California, University of California Press, 1994. xi, 388 pp. $18.00 U.S.Chamberlain and Appeasement: British Policy and the Coming of the Second World War by R.A.C. Parker. London, Macmillan, 1993. 388 pp. £12.99.Dilemmas of Appeasement: British Deterrence and Defense, 1934-1937 by Gaines Post, Jr. Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, 1993. xiii, 363 pp. $48.50 U.S.

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jabara Carley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Politics ◽  
State University ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Biography ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Louisiana State University ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Office
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