A Framework for Analyzing Neighbor Discovery Protocols under Non-Ideal Conditions

Neighbor Discovery (ND) protocols are crucial to achieving the paradigm of interconnecting thousands of small nodes (sensors or things) to the Internet, also known as the IoT. These protocols usually assume that nodes operate with few energy resources. Therefore, they cannot be fully active all the time. The vast majority of these protocols focus on increasing the probability that two nodes become active simultaneously, thus enabling mutual discovery. In addition, these protocols assume that successful discovery is guaranteed once two nodes are simultaneously active, with very few exceptions. However, many problems can disrupt the discovery, such as channel errors, collisions, synchronization mismatches, energy availability, and so forth. Most ND protocols did not consider these factors, making them vulnerable to severe performance degradation when transmission errors occur. This paper proposes a new framework to evaluate the performance of deterministic neighbor discovery protocols when transmission errors are present. The proposed framework facilitates obtaining an analytical CDF of the discovery time of such protocols with transmissions errors without having to implement the protocol in a simulator, since is time-consuming and prone to implementation errors. We applied the framework to analyze the effect of transmission errors on the discovery time in four of the most representative ND protocols in the literature. Finally, we validate the framework accuracy for the selected protocols using extensive simulations. The results show that the CDF of discovery times provided by the framework closely matches the performance results obtained through simulating these protocols. In general, neighbor discovery protocols are deeply affected as a result of transmission errors.

New Channel Errors Estimation Method for Multichannel SAR Based on Virtual Calibration Source

The multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system can effectively overcome the fundamental limitation between high-resolution and wide-swath. However, the unavoidable channel errors will result in a mismatch of the reconstruction filter and false targets in pairs. To address this issue, a novel channel errors calibration method is proposed based on the idea of minimizing the mean square error (MMSE) between the signal subspace and the space spanned by the practical steering vectors. The practical steering matrix of each Doppler bin can be constructed according to the Doppler spectrum. Compared with the time-domain correlation method, the proposed method no longer depends on the accuracy of the Doppler centroid estimation. Besides, compared with the orthogonal subspace method, the proposed method has the advantage of robustness under the condition of large samples by using the diagonal loading technique. To evaluate the performance, the results of simulation data and the real data acquired by the GF-3 dual-channel SAR system demonstrate that the proposed method has higher accuracy and more robustness than the conventional methods, especially in the case of low SNRs and high non-uniformity.

Adaptive Traffic Routing Practice for Load Balance and Congestion Control in AdHoc Network in Cloud-MANET

Cloud services can dramatically improve the computing proficiency of mobile devices. Mobile operators can count on the cloud to carry out thorough computing operations such as research, data mining and multimedia handling. Load balancing and network congestion are the difficult ad hoc network tasks due to its un-predictable dynamic behavior and random topology alteration of such systems. The most important reason of data loss in wireless grids is flexibility, network congestion and channel errors. The majority of the accessible directing schemes deal with the energy efficiency, congestion and balancing overload load outstandingly. Proficient routing protocol is proposed in this manuscript which will adaptively control the network congestion and achieve load balancing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET). The proposed technique discovers multiple alternate paths between two nodes. The cost and stability of the link and traffic load is calculated depending on the available power of the participated nodes. If the traffic load on a specific link escalates beyond the threshold value, the traffic will be distributed to other alternate links. It is clear with the simulation outcomes that the projected approach enhances the network lifespan by integrating load balancing and congestion control with energy efficient algorithm. Thereby, it reduces the packet dropping probability and node to node delay in the network and improves the system lifetime.

MODELING OF ERRORS IN THE MEASUREMENT CHANNELS OF THE AUTOMATED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE LABVIEW ENVIRONMENT

Questions of estimation of errors of measuring channels of automated process control systems are investigated. A method for studying measurement channel errors based on their mathematical modeling in the visual programming environment LabVIEW is proposed

POLYPARAMETRIC BLOCK CODING

The principles of poly-parametric information coding have been considered. The methods for developing poly-parametric codes have been presented. It is shown that the protection of block codes from channel interference using check patterns can be developed by a mono- or poly-parametric method. A special type of block codes has been presented, the check patterns of which are formed on the basis of their neighbours, which are functionally related to the given code combination. Such codes have been called poly-parametric. Binary poly-parametric ring codes, the check patterns of which are designed to detect and correct channel errors, are developed using the properties of Galois fields and on the basis of the vector shift indicators of the codewords. To obtain digital poly-parametric block codes, the properties and features of the normalized natural sequence are used. It is shown that each codeword of a binary block code can be represented as a certain positive integer in the decimal number system, which is an element of the natural sequence. Its elements on an interval that equals the norm acquire a functional dependency.

Media motion-based resource distribution for mobile video networking

Wireless video communication is challenging due to vulnerability of media bitstreams to channel distortions. Investigation has been carried out on wireless video channel under tight networking resource budget. One of the challenges is the impact of channel errors on the quality of media streams with high motion activity. Motion activity in this context defines the magnitude of activity displacement in video sequence. Based on the analysis, Media Motion-based Resource Distribution (MRD) is proposed to maximize the average received video quality over wireless system, by regulating the resource distribution of the media streams based on their motion activity characteristics. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improve the average received video quality performance under tight resource constraints budget. Keywords: Wireless video communication, resource constraints, received video performance, media motion

A New Class of Q-Ary Codes for the McEliece Cryptosystem

The McEliece cryptosystem is a promising candidate for post-quantum public-key encryption. In this work, we propose q-ary codes over Gaussian integers for the McEliece system and a new channel model. With this one Mannheim error channel, errors are limited to weight one. We investigate the channel capacity of this channel and discuss its relation to the McEliece system. The proposed codes are based on a simple product code construction and have a low complexity decoding algorithm. For the one Mannheim error channel, these codes achieve a higher error correction capability than maximum distance separable codes with bounded minimum distance decoding. This improves the work factor regarding decoding attacks based on information-set decoding.

SVD Watermarked Video Frame Transmission System Using Chaotic Interleaving

This paper suggests a chaotic Baker interleaving method for minimizing the channel errors on the transmitted data and setting some encryption. The evaluation of the suggested approach is checked by the transmission of various SVD watermarked video frames over Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise with interleaving by chaotic Baker map. The obtained results indicate that the received SVD watermarked video frames give higher peak signal to noise ratios (PSNRs) using chaotic interleaving compared to other methods.