The Discussion on Synthesis Process of Biurea by Hydrochloric Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 464-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Meng Qi ◽  
Ran Guo ◽  
Meng Su ◽  
Xiao Xue Cheng ◽  
Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Complex Salt ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Acid Method ◽  
Reaction Solution

By Series of comparative experiments, Factors of influencing the yield of biurea which is prepared from the condensation reaction between hydrazine hydrate and urea are studied, such as pH value, ratio of urea to hydrazine hydrate, temperature of reaction solution, reaction time and acid addition order. Under the optimum process conditions, the yield of biurea can reach over 97%, the biurea produced by hydrochloric acid method avoids large amounts of complex salt wastewater in condensation reaction of sulfuric acid method, and make the production process of biurea tends to be more environmentally friendly.

Study on the Enzyme Desizing Process for Cotton Fabric Using Ultrasonication

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Ming Zhao ◽  
Shan Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fabric Strength ◽  
Enzyme Dosage

The auxiliary devices of ultrasonic treatment was designed and manufactured. The cotton fabric was desized using 2000L desizing enzyme with the conventional enzyme desizing process and ultrasonic enzyme desizing process respectively. Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum process conditions of conventional enzyme desizing process and ultrasonic enzyme desizing process were determined. For the conventional enzyme desizing process, the optimized desizing conditions of cotton fabrics were: desizing enzyme dosage was 1.5g/l, temperature was 80°C, PH value was 6, and time was 60mins. The optimum process conditions of ultrasonic enzyme desizing process were: desizing enzyme dosage was 1.5g/l, temperature was 50°C, PH value was 6 and time was 45minutes. The research result indicates that, under the same desizing condition, ultrasonication can improve the desizing percentage and whiteness of cotton fabric, but the fabric strength loss increases slightly. And for the same required desizing percentage, the ultrasonic enzyme desizing process saved time and reduced the temperature of experiments compared with traditional enzyme desizing process

Preparation of Calcium-Deficient Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles by Microwave Process

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1178-1180
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Jin Gou Ji ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Wei Qi Liu ◽  
Ji Da Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Reaction Solution ◽  
Microwave Process

In this paper, carbonated calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (d-HA) nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method assisted with microwave irradiation. The important factors which effected on the synthesis process, such as pH value, time and the power of microwave irradiation on the Ca/P molar ratios of d-HA were discussed. The experimental results showed that carbonated d-HA nanoparticles could be quickly synthesized by irradiating the reaction solution for about 1h under moderate microwave power and pH value ranging from 8 to 9.

Optimization of Degrading Poly-Containing Wastewater Conditions of Mixed Bacteria by Orthogonal Experiments

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2386-2390
Author(s):  
Jiang Hong Liu ◽  
Rui Dan Xu ◽  
Yang Pan ◽  
Yuan Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Mixed Bacteria

The factor influencing on the mixed bacteria to degrade wastewater containing poly-containing conditions were optimized. Crude oil as a source of carbon, the effects of nitrogen sources, phosphorus sources, time, inoculation amount, temperature, mineralization content, initial pH value and activation time on degrading poly-containing wastewater were investigated by experiment of single factor and orthogonal experiments. The optimum process conditions were as follows: polyacrylamide (HPAM) which comes from waste water as a source of nitrogen, without other nitrogen source, K2HPO4 was phosphorus sources, the microorganisms activation time was 2, incubation time was 3d, initial pH value was 7, the inoculum size was 5%(v/v), incubation temperature was 35°C, the mineralization degree was 4000 mg•L-1. The main factors affecting degradation rate was nitrogen sources, time, pH, activation time, inoculum size and mineralization content.

scholarly journals Photo-assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like process for treatment of PNP wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Ban ◽  
X. T. Zheng ◽  
H. Y. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Fenton System

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of photo-assisted heterogeneous Fenton on p-nitrophenol (PNP) wastewater treatment by a homemade reactor. Supported Fe-Ce/Al2O3 was used as a catalyst and H2O2 as an oxidant to treat simulated p-nitrophenol wastewater under ultraviolet light. The effects of H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage, initial solution pH value, reaction temperature and reaction time on the removal rate of p-nitrophenol in a photo-assisted heterogeneous Fenton system were determined. According to the relation between the concentration of each component and time, the relation curve is fitted, and then the kinetic equation is established. Finally, we obtained the optimum process conditions to achieve the PNP wastewater removal rate of 98.7%. The degradation of the photo-assisted heterogeneous Fenton method conforms to the first-order kinetic model, and the kinetic equation is . Therefore, photo-assisted heterogeneous Fenton treatment of PNP wastewater is effective and can be used in the treatment of refractory wastewater.

Experimental Study on Biological Treatment of Copper in Acid Mine Drainage after Iron Removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
Jun Hui Fan ◽  
Mei Chen Guo ◽  
Jian Wu Qiu ◽  
Zhi Kun Li
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Iron Removal ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Acid Mine

Acid mine drainage is characterized by low pH value, many types of heavy metals, high concentration of heavy metals and great environmental damage. Copper precipitation by sulfate reducing bacteria is a common method. In this experiment, the AMD after iron removal was treated by an upflow anaerobic bioreactor. The effects of HRT, carbon source type, carbon source dosage and reactor temperature on the operation of the reactor were studied. The optimum process parameters were determined: HRT was 12h, formic acid was used as carbon source and the dosage was 0.5g/L, and the temperature was 30 °C. Under the process conditions, the Cu concentration in the reactor effluent decreased to 0.043mg/L, and the recovery rate of Cu metal was 99.9%. The mechanism of copper deposition in the reactor was studied by characterization of the structure and morphology of the precipitated product and the analysis of the microbial community structure in the effluent of the reactor.

scholarly journals Pelindian Natrium Zirkonat Menggunakan Asam Klorida Secara Catu

EKSPLORIUM ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Sajima Sajima
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Industrial Market ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
Leaching Process

Penelitian tentang teknologi pengolahan zircon terus dilakukan untuk mengikuti kebutuhan industri pasar. Pengolahan natrium zirkonat dengan pelindian menggunakan asam klorida sebagai pelarut telah dilkukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh ukuran butir, temperatur, dan kecepatan pengadukan terhadap zirkon terambil. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memasukkan pelarut (asam klorida 4 N) ke dalam reaktor, kemudian pelarut tersebut dipanaskan sambil diaduk. Umpan dengan ukuran butir tertentu dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor. Kondisi temperatur dan kecepatan pengadukan dijaga tetap. Setelah kondisi operasi tercapai, proses dihentikan kemudian disaring. Hasil penelitian dengan analisis XRF menunjukkan bahwa kondisi proses optimum dicapai pada ukuran butir 90 µm, temperatur 80 oC dan kecepatan pengadukan 200 rpm. Pada kondisi tersebut zirkon terambil sebesar 84.50 %.  Research on zircone processing technology has been continued to follow industrial market needed. Treatment of sodium zirconate with leaching process using hydrochloric acid as solvent has been conducted. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of grain size, temperature, and speed of stirring on the extracted zircon. The research starting with introduced the solvent (chloride acid 4 N) into the reactor, then heated while stirring. The feed with a certain grain size was introduced into the reactor. The temperature and stirring conditions were kept steady. Once the operating conditions are reached, the process is stopped and then filtered. The results with XRF analysis showed that the optimum process conditions were achieved on 90 μm grain size, the temperature of 80oC, and stirring speed of 200 rpm. The amount of zircon that taken out were 84.50% on this conditions.

Orthogonal Study on the Degradation of Aniline Process Parameters by Ultrasonic

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Yong Guang Bi ◽  
Min Xia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Ultrasonic Degradation ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To optimize the ultrasonic degradation of aniline wastewater process parameters. Methods: ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature, pH value, etc. 4 orthogonal factors and determine the optimum process conditions. Results: In the ultrasonic power 320W, ultrasonic time was 60min, ultrasonic temperature is 30 °C, pH value of 4 under the action of ultrasound sonication best, under optimum conditions, aniline degradation rate of 90.08%, and the various factors the impact of the size order of ultrasonic temperature> ultrasonic time> ultrasonic power> solution pH. Conclusion: Ultrasonic degradation of organic matter, is easy to operate, efficient, non-polluting or less polluting characteristics, is a better degradation of aniline wastewater new technology.

Analyzing the Effect of Fiber, Yarn and Fabric Variables on Bagging Behavior of Single Jersey Weft Knitted Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Karimian ◽  
Hossein Hasani ◽  
Saeed Ajeli
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Single Jersey

This research investigates the effect of fiber, yarn and fabric variables on the bagging behavior of single jersey weft knitted fabrics interpreted in terms of bagging fatigue percentage. In order to estimate the optimum process conditions and to examine the individual effects of each controllable factor on a particular response, Taguchi's experimental design was used. The controllable factors considered in this research are blending ratio, yarn twist and count, fabric structure and fabric density. The findings show that fabric structure has the largest effect on the fabric bagging. Factor yarn twist is second and is followed by fabric density, blend ratio and yarn count. The optimum conditions to achieve the least bagging fatigue ratio were determined.

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