Transesterification of Jatropha Oil to Biodiesel by Using Catalyst Containing Ca(C3H7O3)2 as a Solid Base Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Jun Li ◽  
Zhi Wei Huang ◽  
Yu Jie He ◽  
Dong Zhou ◽  
Cheng Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Direct Precipitation Method ◽  
C Nmr

An direct precipitation method of Calcium glyceroxide Ca(C3H7O3)2 was proposed. The prepared Ca(C3H7O3)2 was effective in transesterification of Jatropha oil into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). The Ca(C3H7O3)2 catalysts were characterized by using XRD, solid state 13C-NMR, FTIR, and Hammett indicator. The influence of various reaction variables on the conversion was investigated. Under a condition of methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1, a catalyst amount of 4 wt %, reaction time of 1.5 h, and reaction temperature of 65 °C, over 95% of biodiesel yield was obtained.

scholarly journals Biodiesel production using co-solvents: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e99911672
Author(s):  
George Simonelli ◽  
José Mario Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Moraes Pires ◽  
Luiz Carlos Lobato dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
High Yields

Biodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable biofuel, generally produced by the fatty materials transesterification. Due to its importance in the diversification of the energy matrix of countries, various studies have been carried out to improve its production process. One of the technologies developed is the use of co-solvents in the process. The co-solvents decrease the mass transfer resistance between the oil and the alcohol during the chemical reaction. In this paper, a review of the literature on the biodiesel production using co-solvents was presented. The research gathered information about various studies that are relevant to the theme, aiming to show the state of the art, the substances most used as co-solvents, and the conditions of the process variables that result in high yields of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In the homogeneous basic catalysis of vegetable oils, potassium hydroxide is the most used catalyst. Its range of application normally varies from 0.5% to 1.8% in relation to the mass of oil. The reaction time may vary from 10 minutes to 2 hours, the temperature from 25 °C to 100 °C, the molar ratio (MR), from 3:1 to 12:1, and the amount of 30% (w/w) co-solvent, or in some cases up to 0.7:1 co-solvent to alcohol molar ratio.

Evaluation of Dominant Parameters in Lipase Transesterification of Cottonseed Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Anderson ◽  
Terry Walker ◽  
Bryan Moser ◽  
Caye Drapcho ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Induction Periods ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Eversa Transform was used as an enzymatic catalyst to transform glandless and crude (heavy pigment) cottonseed oils into biodiesel. The oils were reacted with methanol at a 6:1 molar ratio with modified amounts of water, lipase, and temperature. Reactions were conducted in the presence of lipase and water at doses of 2, 5, and 8 wt% and 1, 3, and 6 wt%, respectively. Product composition and conversion were determined using the gas chromatography method of ASTM D6584. Oxidative stability was determined following EN 15751. The conversion to fatty acid methyl esters averaged 98.5% across all samples. Temperature had the most significant effect on conversion (p < 0.0035). Lipase and water dosages did not affect conversion, while each had an effect with temperature that was significant across the difference between 3 and 1 wt% water content and between 8 and 5 wt% enzyme content between the two temperatures (p = 0.0018 and 0.0153), respectively. Induction periods (oxidative stability) of the glandless and crude cottonseed oils were significantly different, but there was no difference between the two oil conversions based on oil type. Keywords: Biodiesel, Cottonseed oil, Fatty acid methyl esters, Lipase, Oxidative stability, Transesterification.

Preparation of Nanoscale Magnesium Fluoride Powders by Ultrasonic-Assisted Direct Precipitation Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 523-526
Author(s):  
Hai Yang Wang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Wan E Wu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Frequency ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Direct Precipitation Method

Using MgCl2·7H2O as the starting material and NaF as precipitating agent, nanoMgF2 powder were prepared by sonochemical method. Morphological structure of the particle is characterized by means of XRD and SEM, TEM and Flourier Transition Infrared Spectrum. The influence factors, such as reactant concentration, reaction temperature and ultrasonic frequency were discussed. The optimum sysnthsis conditions was acquired, such as that the molar ratio of [F-] and [Mg2+] is 1/7.5, the reaction time 2h, the reaction temperature 80°C, the ultrasonic frequency 80kHz.

scholarly journals Transesterification of Coconut Oil Using Dimethyl Carbonate and TiO2/SiO2 Heterogeneous Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamisah D. Pandiangan ◽  
Wasinton Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acid Methyl

In this study, transesterification of coconut oil with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) for preparing biodiesel has been studied using TiO2/SiO2 as heterogeneous catalyst, with the main purpose to investigate the effect of molar ratio of DMC to oil. The product was analyzed by GC-MS to identify the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) composting the biodiesel. The significant role of the DMC to oil ratio was observed in this study, in which the oil conversion was found to increase with increasing molar ratio of DMC : Oil, with the highest percent of conversion of 88.44%. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of methyl esters in accordance with the composition of coconut oil commonly reported. Formation of FAMEs was verified by 1H-NMR spectroscopic analysis, which also suggested that some of the fatty acids remain unconverted into biodiesel. The biodiesel produced was found to have kinematic viscosity of 2.4 mm2/S at 40 °C, flash point of 103 °C, and cetane number of 54.

Novel sequential batch membrane reactor to increase fatty acid methyl esters quality at low methanol to oil molar ratio

2012 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Reyes ◽  
G. Ciudad ◽  
M. Misra ◽  
A. Mohanty ◽  
D. Jeison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acid Methyl

Solid base catalysts for production of fatty acid methyl esters

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingmei Guo ◽  
Chang Zheng ◽  
Mingming Zheng ◽  
Fenghong Huang ◽  
Wenlin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Solid Base Catalysts ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Acid Methyl

Synthesis of Biodiesel by Different Carriers Supported KOH Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Mei Yang ◽  
Peng Mei Lv ◽  
Zhen Hong Yuan ◽  
Wen Luo ◽  
Hui Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
And Performance

Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to methyl eaters was found proceed in the presence of KOH loaded on five different oxides (CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Bentonite, kaolin) as heterogeneous catalysts. The structure and performance of these catalysts were studied using the techniques of XRD, CO2-TPD, and SEM. It was found that the 15wt% KOH/CaO catalyst provided best activity. In the presence of this catalyst, the yield of fatty acid methyl esters was 97.1%. The reaction conditions were as follows: methanol to soybean oil molar ratio was 16:1, temperature of 65 °C, reaction time of 1 h, and a catalyst amount of 4 wt%. The catalysts of KOH loaded on CaO showed a new crystalline phase of K2O. However, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has more basic sites than the catalyst of 15-KOH/MgO. Therefore, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has been associated with higher transesterification activity.

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