Hydroxyapatite-Sheet Microstructure of Shinbone

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 441-444
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Shi Tao Sun ◽  
Xiang He Peng
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Parallel Distribution ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bone is a kind of biomaterial in nature. It behaves favorable strength, stiffness and fracture toughness which are closely related to its fine microstructures. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation on a shinbone shows that the bone is a kind of natural bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite layers and collagen matrix. The hydroxyapatite layers are arranged in a parallel distribution and consist of many hydroxyapatite sheets. The fracture toughness of the bone was analyzed based on the representative model of the microstructure in the bone and the idea of maximum pullout energy. The analytical result shows that the long and thin shape as well as the parallel distribution of the hydroxyapatite sheets increase the maximum pullout energy of the sheets and enhance the fracture toughness of the bone.

Research on the Layered Microstructure of Shankbone

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Xin Yan Wu ◽  
Xiang He Peng
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Pullout Force ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Analytical Result ◽  
Parallel Distribution

Bone is a kind of biomaterial in nature. It behaves favorable strength, stiffness and fracture toughness which are closely related to its fine microstructure. SEM observation on a shankbone shows that the bone is a kind of natural bioceramic composite consisted of hydroxyapatite layers and collagen matrix. The observation also shows that the hydroxyapatite layers consist of many hydroxyapatite sheets and are arranged in a parallel distribution. The fracture toughness of the bone is analyzed based on the representative model of the microstructure of the bone and the idea of maximum pullout force. The analytical result shows that the long and thin shape as well as the parallel distribution of the hydroxyapatite sheets improves the maximum pullout force of the sheets and the fracture toughness of the bone.

Microstructure and Toughness Mechanism of Tooth

2011 ◽  
Vol 467-469 ◽  
pp. 567-570
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Ji Luo ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Jing Hong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Collagen Protein ◽  
Fine Microstructure ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Toughness Mechanism ◽  
Parallel Distribution ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tooth is a kind of biomaterial in nature. It behaves favorable strength, stiffness and fracture toughness, which are closely related to its fine microstructure. The observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM) on a mature tooth shows that the tooth is a kind of natural bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite layers and collagen protein matrix. The observation also shows that the hydroxyapatite layers consist of long and thin hydroxyapatite sheets and that all the hydroxyapatite sheets are arranged in a kind of parallel distribution. The maximum pullout energy of the hydroxyapatite sheets, which is closely related to the fracture toughness of the tooth, is investigated based on the representative model of the parallel distribution. It shows that the long and thin shape as well as the parallel distribution of the hydroxyapatite sheets increase the maximum pullout energy and enhance the fracture toughness of the tooth.

RESEARCH OF THE NANOMETER HELICOIDAL LAYUP OF RUFESCENS SHELL

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 577-579
Author(s):  
BIN CHEN ◽  
XIANG-HE PENG ◽  
JING-HONG FAN ◽  
WAN-LU WANG
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Ceramic Composite ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Pullout Force ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Scanning Electron

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation on a Rufescens shell shows that the shell is a bio-ceramic composite consisting of aragonite sheets with nanometer scale and organic matrix. These nano-aragonite sheets are arranged in the shell in the form of helicoidal layup. The reason of the excellent fracture toughness of the shell is analyzed based on the maximal pullout force of the helicoidal layup of the aragonite sheets in the shell.

Enhanced Mechanism of Fracture Toughness in Cannon Bone

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1651-1653
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
X. Peng ◽  
S. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Parallel Distribution

As a typical biological material, bone possesses high fracture strength and fracture toughness, which are closely related to its exquisite microstructure. SEM observation of a cannon bone shows that the bone is a kind of layered bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite sheets and collagen matrix. The hydroxyapatite sheets are of long and thin shape, distributing in parallel. The fracture toughness of the bone is analyzed with the representative model of the hydroxyapatite sheets and the concept of maximum pullout energy. It is shown that the lathy shape as well as the parallel distribution of the hydroxyapatite sheets increases the pullout energy and endows the bone with high fracture toughness.

Helicoidal-Rounded-Hole Microstructure of Mature Shankbone

2011 ◽  
Vol 460-461 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Ji Luo ◽  
Quan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Pullout Force ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Collagen Protein ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation on a mature shankbone shows that the bone is a kind of bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite sheets and collagen protein matrix. The observation also shows that there are many holes in the bone and that the hydroxyapatite sheets near by these holes helicoidally round these holes forming a kind of helicoidally-rounded-hole microstructure (HRHM). The maximum pullout force of the HRHM is investigated and compared with that of non-helicoidally-rounded-hole microstructure (NHRHM). It shows that the HRHM could markedly increase the maximum pullout force of the hydroxyapatite sheets compared to the NHRHM and therefore enhance the fracture toughness of the bone.

Toughness Analysis of Cannon Bone Based on Microstructural Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1066-1069
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Shi Tao Sun ◽  
Xiang He Peng
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
High Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Microstructural Model ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Parallel Distribution

As a typical biological material, bone possesses high fracture strength and fracture toughness, which are closely related to its exquisite microstructure. SEM observation of a cannon bone shows that the bone is a kind of layered bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite sheets and collagen matrix. The hydroxyapatite sheets are of long and thin shape, distributing in parallel. The fracture toughness of the bone is analyzed with the representative model of the hydroxyapatite sheets and the concept of maximum pullout energy. It is shown that the lathy shape as well as the parallel distribution of the hydroxyapatite sheets increases the pullout energy and endows the bone with high fracture toughness.

Fiber-Spiral Microstructures of Bamboo and Biomimetic Research

2010 ◽  
Vol 447-448 ◽  
pp. 657-660
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Ji Luo
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Spiral Structure ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Parallel Fiber ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The microstructures of a whangee (a kind of bamboo) were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It showed that the whangee is a kind of natural cellular biocomposite consisting of countless bamboo cells. The bamboo cells are columnar and all of them are parallel with the surface of the bamboo. The observation also showed that the walls of the bamboo cell are a kind of fiber-reinforced biocomposite with bamboo fiber-spiral mcirstructure. Based on the SEM observation, a kind of biomimetic composite with the fiber-spiral structure was fabricated. The fracture toughness of the composite was investigated and compared with that of the conventional composite with parallel-fiber structure. It showed that the fracture toughness of the biomimetic composite is markedly larger than that of the conventional composite.

Sheet-Layer Microstructure and Toughness Mechanism of Shinbone

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 1129-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Xiang He Peng ◽  
Xin Yan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Pullout Force ◽  
Main Stress ◽  
Representational Model ◽  
Natural Biomaterial ◽  
Toughness Mechanism ◽  
Parallel Distribution ◽  
Scanning Electron

Most structural materials existing in nature take the form of composite. After centuries’ evolution, these materials gain highly optimized microstructures and performances. In this work, a kind of natural biomaterial, shinbone, is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The observation result shows that the bone is a bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite layers and collagen matrix. The observation also shows that the hydroxyapatite layers are composed of hydroxyapatite sheets. The hydroxyapatite sheets are of thin and long shape and parallel distribution along the orientation of the maximum main stress of the bone. The shape and distribution of the hydroxyapatite sheets may endow the bone with favorable fracture toughness, which is analyzed and illuminated based a representational model of the hydroxyapatite sheets and the idea of maximum pullout force.

Research of the Herringbone Microstructure of Rufescens’s Shell

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 905-908
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Xiang He Peng ◽  
Jing Hong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Pullout Force ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Molluscan Shell ◽  
Representative Model

Molluscan shell is strong, stiff, tough and shows an erose fracture surface when it is broken. In this research, the SEM observation on a Rufescens’s shell shows that the shell consists of aragonite layers and collagen matrix. Each aragonite layer is parallel to the surface of the shell and consists of many thin aragonite sheets. These aragonite sheets are perpendicular to the layer where they are located. The observation also shows that the direction of the sheets in different layer is various and a kind of herringbone distribution is found. The maximum pullout force of the herringbone distribution is analyzed based on its representative model, and it shows that the herringbone distribution can markedly increase the pullout force of the distribution and improve the fracture toughness of the shell.

Description of larvae of Japanese Macronychini (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4859 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-227
Author(s):  
MASAKAZU HAYASHI ◽  
YUUKI KAMITE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Larvae of 15 species of Macronychini, subfamily Elminae, belonging to the genera Sinonychus Jäch & Boukal, Paramacronychus Nomura, Zaitzeviaria Nomura, Zaitzevia Champion, and Urumaelmis Satô were described based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. Larvae of eleven of these species, S. tsujunensis Yoshitomi & Nakajima, Zaitzeviaria gotoi (Nomura), Zaitzeviaria brevis (Nomura), Zaitzeviaria kuriharai Kamite, Ogata & Satô, Zaitzevia elongata Nomura, Zaitzevia aritai Satô, Zaitzevia yaeyamana Satô, Zaitzevia awana (Kôno), Zaitzevia nitida Nomura, Zaitzevia tsushimana Nomura, and U. uenoi (Nomura) are described for the first time. 

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