TISSUE DEVELOPMENT IN RHODNIUS PROLIXUS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE): DRY-WEIGHT CHANGES IN FED AND UNFED POST-ECDYSIAL MALES

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Gringorten ◽  
W.G. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Tissue Development ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Cuticle Development

AbstractDry-weight changes in the midgut, abdominal fat body, flight muscles, pterothoracic cuticle, and reproductive tract were measured in unfed male Rhodnius prolixus Stål following eclosion and in males fed a single blood meal on day 5 post-ecdysis. Males, which had fed to repletion as fifth instar nymphs, emerged from the nymphal–adult moult with approximately the same quantity of blood solids in the midgut as observed in fully engorged males. Carry-over of the blood-meal from the fifth instar was sufficient to allow the fat body, flight muscles, and pterothoracic cuticle in unfed males to attain over 85% of the weight accretion observed in fed males. The reproductive tract dry weight in unfed adults increased only 60–65% of that in fed adults. Flight-muscle and reproductive-tract development in fed insects reached growth plateaux in 2 and 3 weeks after the final nymphal moult, while cuticle development continued for up to 10 days. It is concluded that R. prolixus males which emerge from fully engorged fifth instars do not require a blood meal in the adult stage to trigger growth processes and tissue development, but if the adult takes at least one blood meal, significant increases in the reproductive-tract dry weight and slight increases in the dry weights of other tissues will occur.

The Behaviour and Development of Brugia patei (Buckley, Nelson and Heisch, 1958) in a Mosquito Host, Mansonia uniformis (Theobald)

1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Laurence ◽  
F. R. N. Pester
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Close Association ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Efficient Vector ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Mansonia Uniformis

1. The behaviour and development of Brugia patei has been followed in the mosquito host, Mansonia uniformis, from ingestion of the microfilariae to the development of the infective stages.2. The microfilariae penetrated very rapidly out of the stomach into the abdomen of the mosquito; 80% of them escape from the stomach during the first 50 minutes after a blood meal.3. The microfilariae migrate from the abdomen to the thorax through fat body cells and the heart during the first 140 minutes followed engorgement and begin to penetrate the indirect flight muscles within 15 minutes from engorgement. During this migration microfilariae were found in close association, suggesting that they follow similar pathways of migration through the body of the mosquito.4. Most microfilariae (98%) have settled in the indirect flight muscles within 2 hours of engorgement. In these muscles the larvae digest away the muscle surrounding them but do not begin to elongate until the third or fourth day after the blood meal. The rate of development varies from one mosquito host to another, but about 80% of the larvae have developed to the infective stage by the ninth to tenth days after the infective feed. The infective stages concentrate in the head and proboscis of the mosquito vector. The development of B. patei is faster than that of B. pahangi in mosquitoes from the same colony.5. The efficiency of M. uniformis as a vector of B. patei is compared with the similar efficiency of M. longipalpis as a vector of B. malayi. In both mosquitoes the majority of the microfilariae ingested develop to the infective stage. M. uniforms is also an efficient vector of B. pahangi.6. The development of the parasite is discussed briefly with reference to knowledge of the physiological events within the mosquito host subsequent to the blood meal.

Blood meal drives de novo lipogenesis in the fat body of Rhodnius prolixus

2020 ◽  
pp. 103511
Author(s):  
Felipe B. Saraiva ◽  
Michele Alves-Bezerra ◽  
David Majerowicz ◽  
Lisvane Paes-Vieira ◽  
Valdir Braz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis

Fuel Utilization and Duration of Tethered Flight in Aphis Fabae Scop

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. COCKBAIN
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Tethered Flight ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Flight Muscles

1. Fat contents (ether extracts) of unflown 24 hr. old alatae of Aphis fabae Scop., from different host plants, range from 3-12% of the live weight and 9-33% of the dry weight. Glycogen contents of alatae reared in culture range from 0.5-1% of the live weight and 1.7-3.4% of the dry weight. 2. Both fat and glycogen are consumed during tethered flight. Glycogen is used during early flight and fat is the principal fuel after the first hour, when it is consumed at a mean rate of 0.005 mg./aphid/hr. and provides about 90% of the energy for a 6 hr. flight. The amounts of glycogen in laboratory-reared aphids alone could not maintain flight for more than ¾ hr. 3. Metabolic rates during tethered flight range from 52 to 66 cal./g. live wt./hr. or 11-14 ml. O2/g./hr. The flight muscles constitute about 13% of the live body weight of 24 hr. old aphids, and, attributing most of the metabolism during flight to these muscles, their metabolic rates range from 400 to 500 cal./g./hr. 4. Flight capacity of 24 hr. old aphids at 25-26° C. is directly related to initial fat content and varies between 3 and 8 hr. in aphids from culture (mean of 4% fat by live weight) and between 7 and 12 hr. in aphids from the field (10% fat). Flight fatigue occurs before all the fat reserves are used; possibly fat stored in parts of the body remote from the flight muscles cannot be mobilized rapidly enough to support continuous flight. 5. Fat and glycogen reserves occur mainly in the fat-body cells of the thorax and abdomen; fat also occurs between the fibrils of the indirect flight muscles and glycogen along the surface of the fibres. Flight-exhausted insects have little or no fat in the thorax, but small deposits remain in the abdomen; little glycogen can be detected in culture aphids flown to exhaustion.

scholarly journals What happens after a blood meal? A transcriptome response from the main tissues involved in egg production in Rhodnius prolixus, an insect vector of Chagas disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimena Leyria ◽  
Ian Orchard ◽  
Angela B. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

AbstractThe blood-sucking hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus is a vector of Chagas disease, one of the most neglected tropical diseases affecting several million people, mostly in Latin America. The blood meal is an event with a high epidemiological impact since in adult mated females it initiates the production of hundreds of eggs. By means of RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) we have examined how a blood meal influences mRNA expression in the central nervous system (CNS), fat body and ovaries in order to promote egg production, focusing on tissue-specific responses under controlled nutritional conditions. We illustrate the cross talk between reproduction and a) lipids, proteins and trehalose metabolism, b) neuropeptide and neurohormonal signaling, and c) the immune system. Overall, our molecular evaluation confirms and supports previous studies and provides an invaluable molecular resource for future investigations on different tissues involved in successful reproductive events. Analyses like this can be used to increase the chances of developing novel strategies of vector population control by translational research, with less impact on the environment and more specificity for a particular organism.Author summaryThe blood-sucking hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus is one of the main vectors of Chagas disease. The blood meal is an event with a high epidemiological impact since in adult mated females, blood-gorging leads to the production of hundreds of eggs. This work describes an in-depth central nervous system (CNS), ovary and fat body transcriptome analysis, focusing on transcripts related to blood intake which may be relevant in promoting egg production. To date, the principle focus in Chagas disease prevention is on the elimination of triatomine vectors and their progeny. This work will serve as a starting point for initiating novel investigations on targets identified with a potential for use in vector control; for example using specific genes to generated symbiont-mediated RNAi, a powerful technology which provides a novel means in biocontrol against tropical disease vectors.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-8 targets the Wingless signaling pathway in the female mosquito fat body to regulate reproductive processes

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1440-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keira J. Lucas ◽  
Sourav Roy ◽  
Jisu Ha ◽  
Amanda L. Gervaise ◽  
Vladimir A. Kokoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Target Prediction ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Female Mosquito ◽  
Reproductive Events

Female mosquitoes require a blood meal for reproduction, and this blood meal provides the underlying mechanism for the spread of many important vector-borne diseases in humans. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms linked to mosquito blood meal processes and reproductive events is of particular importance for devising innovative vector control strategies. We found that the conserved microRNA miR-8 is an essential regulator of mosquito reproductive events. Two strategies to inhibit miR-8 function in vivo were used for functional characterization: systemic antagomir depletion and spatiotemporal inhibition using the miRNA sponge transgenic method in combination with the yeast transcriptional activator gal4 protein/upstream activating sequence system. Depletion of miR-8 in the female mosquito results in defects related to egg development and deposition. We used a multialgorithm approach for miRNA target prediction in mosquito 3′ UTRs and experimentally verified secreted wingless-interacting molecule (swim) as an authentic target of miR-8. Our findings demonstrate that miR-8 controls the activity of the long-range Wingless (Wg) signaling by regulating Swim expression in the female fat body. We discovered that the miR-8/Wg axis is critical for the proper secretion of lipophorin and vitellogenin by the fat body and subsequent accumulation of these yolk protein precursors by developing oocytes.

scholarly journals The Fat Body Transcriptomes of the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti, Pre- and Post- Blood Meal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. e22573 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Price ◽  
Vijayaraj Nagarajan ◽  
Alexander Churbanov ◽  
Peter Houde ◽  
Brook Milligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito

Synthesis of a haemolymph hexamerin by the fat body and testis of Rhodnius prolixus

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Faria ◽  
E.S. Garcia ◽  
S. Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus

Haemolymph Proteins and Yolk Formation in Rhodnius Prolixus Stål

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431
Author(s):  
G. C. COLES
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Yolk Formation ◽  
Specific Proteins

1. There are two adult-specific proteins in the haemolymph of Rhodnius. They appear to be formed in the fat body. 2. The two proteins are absorbed by the oocytes and form the bulk of the soluble egg proteins. 3. The changes in the concentration of total protein in the haemolymph and of four protein fractions, as separated on cellulose acetate, do not reflect egg production. This may be a consequence of the hormonal control of reproduction.

A Comparison of Various Growth Parameters of Cell Suspension Cultures to Determine Phytotoxicity of Xenobiotics

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Davis ◽  
Rosa L. Stolzenberg ◽  
Joan A. Dusky
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cell Volumes

An assessment was made of various parameters to measure growth of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Wilkin’] and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) cell suspension cultures to establish convenient methods of screening the effects of chemicals. Methods assessed were settled cell volumes, packed cell volumes, absorbance at 525 nm of sonicated aliquots, dry weights (of aliquots or entire flask contents), and electrical conductivity and pH of the culture medium. Settled cell volumes, conductivity, and dry-weight changes were the most useful of the methods tested for determining the phytotoxicity of a nonionic linear alcohol ethylene oxide detergent (an adduct of 1-dodecanol containing eight ethylene oxide units) and the methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid}. Because 3 to 4 weeks were required to assess whether the cultures could grow out of the initial inhibition by the detergent or herbicide, none of the methods was rapid. Advantages and disadvantages of the various methods and their relative values for screening compounds are described.

Carbon Dioxide Assimilation by Pineapple Plants, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. I. Effects of Daily Irradiance

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJM Sale ◽  
TF Neales
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Weight Changes

Net carbon exchange over 24-h cycles was measured in well watered pineapple plants, using a 'minicrop' in field assimilation chambers and single leaves in a growth cabinet. Whole plants under natural light and a standard 30°C day/15°C night regime showed crassulacean acid metabolism, nearly all assimilation occurring in the dark period, with a net efflux of CO2 in the day. Assimilation, as measured by both CO2 exchange and changes in titratable acidity in the leaf tissue, was markedly dependent on the total photosynthetically active radiation incident in the previous photoperiod. The molar ratio of the maximum acidity change to maximum net nocturnal CO2 influx was 1.8 : 1. The rate of deacidification depended on the irradiance in the current photoperiod. Efflux in the photoperiod was largely independent of irradiance, but was greater at very low irradiances. Maximum rates of CO2 assimilation in the minicrop were about 15 ng cm-2 (leaf area) s-1 in the dark at the standard temperature regime, and 22 ng-2 s-1 when photoperiod assimilation was induced by a 20°C day/30°C night regime. Similar rates were recorded in the single-leaf experiments, and are higher than those previously found for pineapple. Over a 24-h period, mean rates of about 6 ng cm-2 (leaf area) s-1 were recorded, in good agreement with measured dry weight changes over an extended period. These data help to explain earlier discrepancies in the literature between measured rates of CO2 assimilation and of crop growth rates in pineapples.

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