scholarly journals Environmental Economies, Survival Ecologies, and Economic Interests in Pastoral Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Bendicto Kabiito
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Justice Theories

This paper presents a departure from the historical cataloguing of scarcity and poverty, as definitive frames of Karamoja sub-region of Uganda; a narrative that purports to portray the duo as natural, permanent and insurmountable features of the sub-region. This study demonstrates that these were both created in and projected onto the sub-region. The study provides evidence to the fact that; 1. Externally-driven pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial undertakings (which are underrated in many analyses on Karamoja) are the building blocks of the protracted conflicts, insecurities and ecological damages that ravaged Karamoja; 2. The sub-region offers more potentials than limitations as studies on Karamoja tend to portray. This research report is an invitation to both inward and outward looking (of Karamoja) for diagnosis and solutions. Inspired by critical realism and environmental justice theories, the study interrogates policies, mentalities, actions and inactions that fostered economic and ecological exploitation of Karamoja; endangering environmental and social ecologies of the sub-region.  Attention is paid to how these jeopardised the environment-based economy of the sub-region’s population, while highlighting the human, ecological and economic potentials that need and deserve collective action for social and environmental re-address.

Notes on Emerging Collective Action: Ethnic-Trade Guilds among Japanese Americans in the Gardening Industry

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-400
Author(s):  
Ronald Tadao Tsukashima
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Intergroup Competition ◽  
Collective Response ◽  
Ethnic Networks ◽  
Ethnic Solidarity

This inquiry focuses upon one form of ethnic-collective action among Japanese-American entrepreneurs — in-group trade guilds. They emerge in response to exclusionary and inclusionary forces. The article extends middleman theory to account for ethnic-trade guilds that result from both exclusionary and inclusionary forces and proposes two additional perspectives – competition and enclave theory. Three factors are isolated: 1) interethnic competition, 2) the perceived reciprocal fairness of the resulting competition, and 3) the differential cohesion of ethnic networks. Although the findings support the first and third conditions, the second is questionable. Evidence suggests that ethnic-trade guilds engender more conflict (when competition is defined as unfair rather than fair) than heretofore proposed. Ethnic networks that extend beyond the narrow circle of niche participants constitute the primary building blocks in mobilizing a collective response to intergroup competition. Caution needs to be taken in overstating ethnic solidarity at the expense of a groups diversity, and an explanation of internal dissension is called for in interpreting the emergence of ethnic-collective action.

‘First Our Jobs Then Our Girls’: The Dominant Caste Perceptions on the ‘Rising’ Dalits

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM CHOWDHRY
Keyword(s):  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
High Point ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Alternative Structures ◽  
Caste Groups ◽  
The Given ◽  
Conflictual Relationship

AbstractIn the post-colonial shifting of material, legal and ideological bases, some of the given patterns of relationships between individuals and caste groups have changed and weakened because of the introduction of new, parallel and alternative structures of relationships. This change has left the dominant caste groups feeling palpably insecure in relation to the dalits. While delineating this relationship, this article seeks to argue that the cases of dalit and dominant/upper caste members' elopement and marriage represent a high point in the ongoing conflictual relationship between them, as these are viewed as forms of dalit assertion. Although many caste groups and communities are involved in inter-caste marriages and associations that defy customary norms and caste practices and have no social acceptance, it is in relation to a dalit and non-dalit association or marriage that certain aspects, which impinge on wider issues, come to the surface more pronouncedly. For the dominant caste groups such associations remain the most viable and potent issues to garner a wider collective support, cutting across class/caste/community and age divides. These cases are selectively made a public spectacle by the dominant caste groups to settle wider issues at stake verging on contemporary political and economic interests.

scholarly journals Cohesivity Fisheries Community in the Face of Climate Change on the Coast of Western Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galuh Adriana ◽  
Nurmala K. Pandjaitan ◽  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The Face ◽  
Study Population

<p>ABTRACT<br />The conditions of fishermen is very dependent with nature. Climate change that happening makes nature more difficult to predict. That can make the living of fishermen more vulnerabel. Communities that have a strong cohesiveness will have a collective action to deal with climate change. The purpose of this study is to see the level of cohesiveness fisherman in the face of climate change. The method used is mix method using questionnaire, observation and in-depth interviews. The number of respondents was 100 people. The selection of respondents was done by simple random sampling technique, where the study population are members of “raskin” program from government. The results are fisheries community have a strong social capital, sense of community and community collective efficacy, which is produced strong cohesiveness. However, in reality what is perceived is not necessarily reflected in everyday life. Collective action found only in activities that support public facilities. However, collective action for the economic interests only occurs in certain interest groups. According the results can be argued that the level of fishing community cohesiveness is high, but only produce preparadness for climate change.<br />Keywords: social cohesion, collective action, fisheries community</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Kehidupan nelayan sangat bergantung dengan alam. Perubahan iklim yang terjadi membuat alam semakin sulit untuk diprediksi. Kondisi tersebut membuat kehidupan nelayan semakin vulnerabel. Komunitas yang memiliki kohesivitas yang kuat akan memiliki aksi kolektif untuk menghadapi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat derajat kohesivitas komuitas nelayan dalam mengahadapi perubahan iklim. Metode yang digunakan adalah mix method dengan menggunakan kuesioner, observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Jumlah responden adalah 100 orang. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling, dimana populasi penelitian adalah anggota komunitas penerima program beras raskin dari pemerintah. Hasil penelitian adalah komunitas nelayan memiliki modal sosial, sense of community dan community collective efficacy yang kuat, yang akan menghasilkan kohesivitas yang kuat. Akan tetapi, apa yang dirasakan belum tentu tercerimin pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Aksi kolektif hanya terdapat pada kegiatan yang mendukung fasilitas umum. Akan tetapi aksi kolektif untuk kepentingan ekonomi hanya terjadi pada kelompok-kelompok kepentingan tertentu. Berdasarkan hasil dapat dikatakan bahwa tingkat kohesivitas komunitas nelayan tinggi, tetapi hanya menghasilkan kesiapan untuk menghadapi perubahan iklim.<br />Kata kunci: kohesivitas, aksi kolektif, komunitas pesisir</p>

Discovering the psychological building blocks underlying climate action - a longitudinal study of real-world activism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Castiglione ◽  
Cameron Brick ◽  
Stefanie Holden ◽  
Debra Lindsay ◽  
Adam Robert Aron
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Climate Crisis

We are in a climate emergency, but governments are reacting too slowly. Grassroots collective action is needed to create political pressure. Those attempts would be much aided by understanding the psychological factors that dispose people to engaging in collective climate action. However, the extant research has several limitations. These include scant causal evidence of which factors trigger action, a lack of focus on the climate crisis itself, a way of measuring action that mostly uses self-report or intentions rather than objectively measured participation, and, finally, the use of mostly cross-sectional studies (rather than longitudinal). Here we undertake a longitudinal study on the effectiveness of an intensive 12-week video intervention designed to increase collective action on the climate crisis using a pre-post within-subjects design. Before and after the intervention, we will measure the psychological predictors identified in previous work, such as collective efficacy. Using a regression model, we strengthen the links between changes in these predictors and changes in both objective and self-reported activist behavior. [Key results and interpretation will go here].

scholarly journals Environmental injustice and post-colonial environmentalism: Opencast coal mining, landscape and place

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Milbourne ◽  
Kelvin Mason
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
Environmental Injustice ◽  
Justice Research ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Studies ◽  
South Wales

In this article we use a case study of opencast coal mining in the southern valleys of Wales to explore the ordinary and everyday spatialities of environmental injustice. Responding to recent geographical critiques of environmental justice research and engaging with post-colonial studies of landscape and environment, we provide an account of environmental injustice that emphasises competing geographical imaginaries of landscape and ‘ordinary political injustices’ within everyday spaces. We begin with a discussion of how historical environmental injustices in Wales have been framed within nationalist politics as a form of colonial exploitation of the country’s natural resources. We then make use of materials from recent research on opencast mining in South Wales to examine local understandings of and everyday encounters with mining, highlighting contradictory discourses of opencast mining, landscape and place, and the injustices associated with mining developments in this region.

Forum: Principled Strategy: The Role of Equity Norms in China's Climate Change Diplomacy

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Stalley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Climate Change Negotiations ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Common But Differentiated Responsibility ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

Through more than two decades of multilateral climate change negotiations, China has steadfastly opposed emission limits for developing countries. Scholars have traditionally explained the rigidity of Chinese diplomacy with reference to economic interests and power, and in the process understated the importance of equity norms. In international negotiations, China has served as one of the key architects and promoters of the common but differentiated responsibility principle, which holds that global environmental justice requires that developed countries bear the primary obligation for combating climate change. China has used this principle strategically in order to legitimize its opposition to emission limits. However, China's negotiating stance cannot be defined simply as the instrumental use of norms, as Beijing is genuinely sensitive to issues of equity. These equity concerns have occasionally led China to act in a manner that, from a strict cost-benefit analysis, runs counter to its own economic interests. In sum, notions of environmental justice are simultaneously a tool China uses to pursue its interests and a force that structures China's interest.

scholarly journals Engaged or Activist Scholarship? Feminist reflections on philosophy, accountability and transformational potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Rouse ◽  
Helen Woolnough
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Engaged Scholarship ◽  
Critical Realist ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Realist Ontology ◽  
Activist Scholarship

Van De Ven’s Engaged Scholarship is becoming institutionalised in the academic profession. His argument that research is radically under-used and more likely to be employed if practitioners engage in shaping research questions and processes is convincing. Nevertheless, Engaged Scholarship has been little critiqued. This article draws on feminist critical realist ontology to compare its philosophy, accountability and transformational potential with a method more familiar to feminism: Activist Scholarship. Engaged Scholarship is found to be underlaboured by a positivist ontology and strong social constructionist epistemology, skewed to the interests of power holders and unlikely to transform underlying social relations. Drawing on Activist Scholarship’s partisan accountability to the marginalised and commitment to collective action, but retaining the possibility of change by engaging power holders, we propose Engaged–Activist Scholarship, a method underlaboured by feminist critical realism, pluralist in its methodology, ambidextrous in its audience and accountable to transforming oppressive contexts.

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